【題目】如圖,該曲線表示一人騎自行車離家的距離與時(shí)間的關(guān)系.騎車者9時(shí)離開(kāi)家,15時(shí)回家.根據(jù)這個(gè)曲線圖,請(qǐng)你回答下列問(wèn)題:
(1)最初到達(dá)離家最遠(yuǎn)的地方是什么時(shí)間?離家多遠(yuǎn)?
(2)何時(shí)開(kāi)始第一次休息?休息多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?
(3)第一次休息時(shí),離家多遠(yuǎn)?
(4)11:00到12:00他騎了多少千米?
(5)他在9:00~10:00和10:00~10:30的平均速度分別是多少?
(6)他在哪段時(shí)間里停止前進(jìn)并休息用午餐?
【答案】(1) 12時(shí) 30千米;
(2) 10:30 半小時(shí);
(3) 17千米;
(4) 13千米;
(5) 10千米/時(shí) 14千米/時(shí);
(6) 12時(shí)到13時(shí)
【解析】解:(1)最初到達(dá)離家最遠(yuǎn)的地方的時(shí)間是12時(shí),離家30千米.
(2)10:30開(kāi)始第一次休息,休息了半小時(shí).
(3)第一次休息時(shí),離家17千米.
(4)11:00至12:00他騎了13千米.
(5)9:00~10:00的平均速度是10千米/時(shí);10:00~10:30的平均速度是14千米/時(shí).
(6)從12時(shí)到13時(shí)停止前進(jìn),并休息用午餐較為符合實(shí)際情形.
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“霾”字從結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō),是“從雨貍聲”。義符是“雨”,說(shuō)明是一種天象無(wú)疑。只是為何要叫“霾”?表聲的“貍”是否也有什么特殊含義?
《字匯補(bǔ)·雨部》說(shuō):“霾,與埋通,瘞(yì,掩埋)也。”“霾”之塵土蔽物,有似掩埋,所以古籍多有借作“埋”的,如《楚辭·國(guó)殤》中“霾兩輪兮縶四馬”之“霾”。“霾”與“埋”是可以互相通用的。“貍”現(xiàn)在的讀音是lí,是“貍”的異體字,指一種野貓。原來(lái)的讀音為mái。原來(lái),表示掩埋義的漢字,最初并非“埋”,而是“貍”。據(jù)說(shuō),“貍”之有“埋”義,是因?yàn)橐柏埳朴诓胤木壒。后?lái),又另造“埋”字,于是“貍于草中”就變?yōu)?/span>“埋于土中”,“埋”也由此替代了“貍”,而成為表掩埋義的規(guī)范字。
就“霾”字而言,之所以借“貍”表聲,恐怕也是因?yàn)?/span>“貍”原有的掩埋義,與“雨塵”義相近的緣故吧。
(選自《咬文嚼字》,略有刪節(jié))
【1】下列關(guān)于原文內(nèi)容的表述,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A.霾是一種天象,它不僅毫無(wú)美感,而且由于人為因素的介入,一直被認(rèn)為是一種污染。
B.新修訂的《環(huán)境保護(hù)法》已涉及關(guān)于如何治理霧霾的問(wèn)題,由此可見(jiàn),霧霾已嚴(yán)重危害到了人們的身體健康。
C.霾習(xí)慣上也叫陰霾、灰霾或煙霾,霾的這些稱號(hào)與霾給人的視覺(jué)感受有很大關(guān)系。
D.“霧霾”是個(gè)新詞,在以前的詞典中見(jiàn)不到它。但“霧霾”近來(lái)頻繁見(jiàn)諸報(bào)端,并在2013年成為年度熱詞。
【2】下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一項(xiàng)是( )
A.霧與霾雖然同是自然天象,但有所不同,其主要區(qū)別就在于霧柔美朦朧神秘而霾沒(méi)有霧的這種美感。
B.熱詞“霧霾”與舊詞“霾霧”,雖然只有次序的顛倒,但詞義重心卻因此起了較大的變化。
C.“霾霧”是“夾雜有塵的霧”,中心詞是“霧”,“霧霾”則是“像迷霧一樣的霾”,中心詞成了“霾”。
D.“霾”在甲骨文中就已屢見(jiàn),卜辭有“癸卯卜,王占曰,其霾甲辰”的記載。這說(shuō)明“霾”在商代就影響到人們的生活了。
【3】根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,下列理解和分析不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A.《爾雅》《康熙字典》乃至20世紀(jì)初編成的《中華大字典》,它們對(duì)“霾”的釋義幾乎是一樣的。
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D.“霾”借“貍”表聲,除了取其聲音外,也可能是因?yàn)?/span>“貍”有掩埋義,與“雨塵”義相近的緣故。
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