Question

【題目】Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation—their young trees?

Professor Simard , forest ecologist( 生態(tài)學(xué)家) from the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex（復(fù)雜）than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin（達(dá)爾文） thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have made a new discovery and showed just how wrong he was. In fact,the opposite is true: trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition (營養(yǎng)) like Nitrogen (氮) and carbon "depending on who needs it".

Nitrogen and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神經(jīng)元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

Simard talks about "mother trees", These are usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. These “Mother Trees” are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down "Mother Trees" without paying attention to these highly complex "tree societies" or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.

"We didn't take any notice of it" Simard says sadly. "Mother trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance." If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

【1】The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees_______.

A. compete for survivalB. protect their own wealth

C. depend on each otherD. provide support for dying trees

【2】"Mother trees" are extremely important because they________.

A. look the largest in size in the forest

B. pass on nutrition to young trees

C. seem more likely to be cut down by humans

D. know more about the complex "tree societies"

【3】The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to__________.

A. how "tree societies" workB. how trees grow old

C. how forestry industry developsD. how young trees survive

【4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans

B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection

C. Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think

D. Trees Contribute To Our Society

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

文章介紹樹和樹之間不是你死我活的競爭關(guān)系，它們之間是相互依賴的，快要死的樹會將自己的營養(yǎng)傳給小樹讓它們更好的成長，人們?nèi)绻�知道這些現(xiàn)象，就可以更好的保護(hù)這些樹。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段的句子：trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it".可知上文提到達(dá)爾文的適者生存的理論，而相反的是樹是彼此依賴的，所以選C。故選C

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段的句子：She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.可知mother trees之所以重要是因?yàn)樗鼈儗�營養(yǎng)傳給小樹，故選B

【3】詞句猜測。it出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段：實(shí)際上it指代的是第四段提到的內(nèi)容，人們砍倒快死的mother trees是不知道樹的社會的依存關(guān)系，可知it指的是“樹的社會”是怎么運(yùn)作的，故選A。

【4】標(biāo)題歸納。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，可知文章介紹樹和樹之間不是你死我活的競爭關(guān)系，它們之間是相互依賴的，快要死的樹會將自己的營養(yǎng)傳給小樹讓它們更好的成長，從第一段的句子：Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?可知作者想要表達(dá)的是樹要比我們想象的要更加令人驚嘆，故選C