Question

【題目】 The 21st century discoveries about the human brain and its functioning have showed the surprising fact that human abilities are not fixed at birth. In other words, what you are able to do with your life is not fixed when you are born. It is not all in the genes( 基 因 ). It is not just nature: nurture(教育, 培育) plays an important part in the moulding(塑造) of what a person is, and what he/she can be.

Brain plasticity(可塑性) or neuroplasticity(神經(jīng)可塑性) refers to the amazing ability of the human brain to modify(修改) its structure and functions according to the changes within the body and/or in the outer environment.

In his book “The Brain that Changes Itself” psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Norman Doidge, M.D., offers an introduction to the great scientists strongly supporting neuroplasticity and the people whose lives they’ve changed. The book describes real life stories of stroke( 中 風(fēng) ) patients learning to speak again, and the amazing story of a woman born with half a brain that restructured itself to work as a whole. It is a book that changes the way we think about our brain, its nature, and its potential(潛能).

The genes we receive from our parents are finite(有限的), no doubt about that. However, our brain’s ability to develop is infinite. New brain cells are being born all the time, and to keep them alive and growing, we have to stimulate(刺激) them.

Here lies the promise of neuroplasticity in the moulding of children into adults who are capable of realizing their potential. For genius is nothing but a human being who has realized his/her inborn potential! What Mozart, Einstein and da Vinci had was inborn potential plus(和，外加) the right environment.

All geniuses started life in exactly the same way. They had parents who supported the development of their individual gifts and talents. They had the right environment and stimuli(刺激， 刺激物) that led to the best development of themselves.

You can think about your child’s gifts as the merging(融合的) colours of a rainbow. The

possibilities are endless. All children are born with three natural abilities that provide them with the potential to think like a genius: the abilities to think, to learn and to develop their own individual way of thinking and learning.

Can your child be a genius? Yes, he/she can be, if you give him/her the right environment, the right stimuli and the right guidance.

【1】What does the human brain modify when the outer environment changes?

A.The world.B.The stimuli.

C.Its colour.D.Its structure and functions.

【2】Which statement is true according to the passage?

A.Human abilities are fixed when they were born.

B.A stroke patient can never learn to speak again.

C.Nurture can mould of what a person is because our brain has its nature and potential.

D.The genes we receive from our parents completely decide what we can do or can’t do.

【3】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 7?

A.Discovering the time your child can be a genius.

B.Discovering the gifts and talents of your child.

C.Discovering the reason your child wants to be a genius.

D.Discovering the colour of the natural abilities of your child.

【4】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Is your child a genius?B.Can your child be a genius?

C.Do you want to be a genius?D.Is it important to be a genius?

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

本文介紹了人類的能力并不是與生俱來(lái)的，而是在外界環(huán)境的影響下，大腦會(huì)改變它的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，所以如果你給予孩子正確的環(huán)境，正確的引導(dǎo)，你的孩子也會(huì)成為一個(gè)天才。

【1】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Brain plasticity or neuroplasticity refers to the amazing ability of the human brain to modify its structure and functions according to the changes within the body and/or in the outer environment，可知，在外部環(huán)境發(fā)生變化時(shí)，人腦會(huì)改變其結(jié)構(gòu)和功能。故選D。

【2】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)The 21st century discoveries about the human brain and its functioning have showed the surprising fact that human abilities are not fixed at birth，可知，人類的能力并不是與生俱來(lái)的，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)The book describes real life stories of stroke patients learning to speak again，可知，中風(fēng)的患者可以再學(xué)著說(shuō)話，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)Here lies the promise of neuroplasticity in the moulding of children into adults who are capable of realizing their potential，可知，后天培養(yǎng)可以塑造一個(gè)人，因?yàn)榇竽X有自己的本質(zhì)和潛力。根據(jù)It is not all in the genes及The genes we receive from our parents are finite，可知，我們從父母遺傳的基因是有限的，他們并不能完全決定我們可以做什么或不可以做什么，所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選C。

【3】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)You can think about your child’s gifts as the merging(融合的) colours of a rainbow. The possibilities are endless“你可以把孩子的天賦想象成彩虹的顏色，存在無(wú)限的可能性”，可知，本段主要講述了孩子的天賦存在無(wú)限的可能，我們要善于去發(fā)覺。故選B。

【4】

最佳標(biāo)題。根據(jù)Can your child be a genius及通讀全文，可知，本文通過(guò)介紹人類的能力不是與生俱來(lái)的，人類的大腦在外界環(huán)境影響下會(huì)改變它的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，而引出本文的宗旨：你的孩子可以成為天才嗎？并給出了相應(yīng)的解答，只要你給予孩子正確的環(huán)境，適當(dāng)?shù)拇碳�，正確的引導(dǎo)，孩子可以成為天才。所以最適合本文的標(biāo)題是“你的孩子可以成為天才嗎”。故選B。