先閱讀下面的材料再完成下列各題
我們知道,若二次函數(shù)y=ax2+bx+c對任意的實(shí)數(shù)x都有y≥0,則必有a>0,△=b2-4ac≤0;例如y=x2+2x+1=(x+1)2≥0,則△=b2-4ac=0,y=x2+2x+2=(x+1)2+1>0,則△=b2-4ac<0.
(1)求證:(a12+a22+…+an2)•(b12+b22+…+bn2)≥2
(2)若x+2y+3z=6,求x2+y2+z2的最小值;
(3)若2x2+y2+z2=2,求x+y+z的最大值;
(4)指出(2)中x2+y2+z2取最小值時(shí),x,y,z的值(直接寫出答案).
【答案】
分析:(1)首先構(gòu)造二次函數(shù):f(x)=(a
1x+b
1)
2+(a
2x+b
2)
2+…+(a
nx+b
n)
2=(a
12+a
22+…+a
n2)x
2+2(a
1b
1+a
2b
2+…+a
nb
n)x+(b
12+b
22+…+b
n2),由(a
1x+b
1)
2+(a
2x+b
2)
2+…+(a
nx+b
n)
2≥0,即可得f(x)≥0,可得△=4(a
1b
1+a
2b
2+…+a
nb
n)
2-4(a
12+a
22+…+a
n2)(b
12+b
22+…+b
n2)≤0,整理即可證得:(a
12+a
22+…+a
n2)•(b
12+b
22+…+b
n2)≥(a
1•b
1+a
2•b
2+…+a
n•b
n)
2;
(2)利用(1)可得:(1+4+9)(x
2+y
2+z
2)≥(x+2y+3z)
2,又由x+2y+3z=6,整理求解即可求得答案;
(3)利用(1)可得:(2x
2+y
2+z
2)(
+1+1)≥(x+y+z)
2,又由2x
2+y
2+z
2=2,整理求解即可求得答案;
(4)因?yàn)楫?dāng)且僅當(dāng)
=…=
時(shí)等號(hào)成立,即可得當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)x=
=
時(shí),x
2+y
2+z
2取最小值,又由x+2y+3z=6,即可求得答案.
解答:解:(1)構(gòu)造二次函數(shù):f(x)=(a
1x+b
1)
2+(a
2x+b
2)
2+…+(a
nx+b
n)
2=(a
12+a
22+…+a
n2)x
2+2(a
1b
1+a
2b
2+…+a
nb
n)x+(b
12+b
22+…+b
n2)≥0,
∴△=4(a
1b
1+a
2b
2+…+a
nb
n)
2-4(a
12+a
22+…+a
n2)(b
12+b
22+…+b
n2)≤0,
即:(a
12+a
22+…+a
n2)•(b
12+b
22+…+b
n2)≥(a
1•b
1+a
2•b
2+…+a
n•b
n)
2,
當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)
=…=
時(shí)等號(hào)成立;
(2)根據(jù)(1)可得:(1+4+9)(x
2+y
2+z
2)≥(x+2y+3z)
2,
∵x+2y+3z=6,
∴14(x
2+y
2+z
2)≥36,
∴x
2+y
2+z
2≥
;
∴若x+2y+3z=6,則x
2+y
2+z
2的最小值為
;
(3)根據(jù)(1)可得:(2x
2+y
2+z
2)(
+1+1)≥(x+y+z)
2,
∵2x
2+y
2+z
2=2,
∴(x+y+z)
2≤2×
=5,
∴-
≤x+y+z≤
,
∴若2x
2+y
2+z
2=2,則x+y+z的最大值為
;
(4)∵當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)x=
=
時(shí),x
2+y
2+z
2取最小值,
設(shè)x=
=
=k,
則x=k,y=2k,z=3k,
∵x+2y+3z=6,
∴k+4k+9k=6,
解得:k=
,
∴當(dāng)x
2+y
2+z
2取最小值時(shí),x=
,y=
,z=
.
點(diǎn)評:此題考查了二次函數(shù)的綜合應(yīng)用.此題難度較大,解題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)題意構(gòu)造二次函數(shù)f(x)=(a
1x+b
1)
2+(a
2x+b
2)
2+…+(a
nx+b
n)
2=(a
12+a
22+…+a
n2)x
2+2(a
1b
1+a
2b
2+…+a
nb
n)x+(b
12+b
22+…+b
n2),然后利用判別式求解.