解:(1)原式=-1-(
-
)×[-2-(-27)],
=-1-(-
)×(25),
=-1+
,
=
;
(2)10y-5(y-1)=20-2(y+2),
10y-5y+5=20-2y-4,
10y-5y+2y=20-4-5,
7y=11,
y=
;
(3)原式=2a+b+6a+9b-8a+12b
=22b;
(4)原式=2a-[2x+8-3x-6y]-2y,
=2x-2x-j8+3x+6y-2y,
=3x+4y-8,
當(dāng)x=-1,y=-2時(shí),
原式=3×(-1)+4×(-2)-8,
=-3-8-8,
=-19.
分析:(1)根據(jù)實(shí)數(shù)的運(yùn)算法則計(jì)算;
(2)先去分母,再移項(xiàng),合并同類項(xiàng),系數(shù)化1;
(3)去括號(hào)后,再合并同類項(xiàng);
(4)去括號(hào),合并同類項(xiàng)后,再代入求值.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題考查的是有理數(shù)的運(yùn)算能力.注意:
(1)要正確掌握運(yùn)算順序,在混合運(yùn)算中要特別注意運(yùn)算順序:先三級(jí),后二級(jí),再一級(jí);有括號(hào)的先算括號(hào)里面的;同級(jí)運(yùn)算按從左到右的順序;
(2)去括號(hào)法則:--得+,-+得-,++得+,+-得-;
(3)整式中如果有多重括號(hào)應(yīng)按照先去小括號(hào),再去中括號(hào),最后大括號(hào)的順序進(jìn)行.