分析:(1)根據(jù)比的基本性質(zhì),即比的前項(xiàng)和后項(xiàng)同時(shí)乘或除以一個(gè)相同的數(shù)(0除外)比值不變,進(jìn)而把比化成最簡比;
(2)根據(jù)求比值的方法,就用最簡比的前項(xiàng)除以后項(xiàng)即得比值.
解答:解:(1)42:28,
=(42÷14):(28÷14),
=3:2;
42:28,
=3:2,
=3÷2,
=
;
(2)0.5:0.15,
=(0.5×20):(0.15×20),
=10:3;
0.5:0.15,
=10:3,
=10÷3,
=
;
(3)
:
,
=(
×24):(
×24),
=21:20;
:
,
=21:20,
=21÷20,
=
;
(4)
小時(shí):40分,
=40分:40分,
=1:1;
小時(shí):40分,
=1:1,
=1÷1,
=1.
點(diǎn)評(píng):此題考查化簡比和求比值的方法,要注意區(qū)分:化簡比的結(jié)果仍是一個(gè)比;而求比值的結(jié)果是一個(gè)數(shù).還要注意無論是求比值還是化簡比,如果比的前后項(xiàng)是名數(shù)的,都要先把單位化統(tǒng)一再計(jì)算.