簡便計算,寫出簡便過程
(1)54×303
(2)7.7×0.73
(3)26.39×36+2.639×830-263.9×1.9
(4)272.4×6.2+2724×0.38
(5)2.04×0.25×7.2×12.5.
解:(1)54×303,
=54×(300+3),
=54×300+54×3,
=16200+162,
=16362;
(2)7.7×0.73,
=(7+0.7)×0.73,
=7×0.73+0.7×0.73,
=5.11+0.511,
=5.621;
(3)26.39×36+2.639×830-263.9×1.9,
=26.39×36+26.39×83-26.39×19,
=26.39×(36+83-19),
=26.39×100,
=2639;
(4)272.4×6.2+2724×0.38,
=272.4×6.2+272.4×3.8,
=272.4×(6.2+3.8),
=272.4×10,
=2724;
(5)2.04×0.25×7.2×12.5,
=[(2+0.04)×0.25]×(9×0.8×12.5),
=[2×0.25+0.04×0.25]×[9×(0.8×12.5)],
=[0.5+0.01]×[9×10],
=0.51×90,
=45.9.
分析:(1)把303分解成300+3,然后用乘法分配律簡算;
(2)把7.7分解成7+0.7然后用乘法分配律簡算;
(3)運用積不變規(guī)律,把乘法算式都變成含有因數(shù)26.39的乘法,然后用乘法分配律簡算;
(4)運用積不變規(guī)律,把加號兩邊都變成含有相同因數(shù)的算式,再運用乘法分配律簡算;
(5)先運用乘法結合律,把前兩個因數(shù)結合在一起,把后兩個因數(shù)結合在一起;前兩個因數(shù)中把2.04分解成2+0.04然后用乘法分配律簡算;后兩個因數(shù)中把7.2分解成9×0.8,然后用乘法結合律簡算.
點評:本題考查了稍復雜的簡便運算的方法,把算式通過變形變成能使用乘法分配律或者乘法結合律的形式,然后再運用運算定律簡算求解.