Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had an interesting experience. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic. His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents what she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, “Isn’t it too bad that Alfred can’t do arithmetic?” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, feeling that it was useless to try, and that he was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected.

One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve.

Adler succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea that he couldn’t do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His anger and his new found confidence stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became extraordinarily good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he could do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience that, if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability.

This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have, and that lack of success is as often the result of lack of knowledge of how to apply one’s ability, lack of confidence, and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability.

1.Alfred gained confidence in learning arithmetic_______.

A．after he managed to find a solution to a difficult problem

B．after his teacher made his parents know his ability in arithmetic

C．after he grew up and became famous

D．after his parents gave him encouragement

2.In Alfred’s opinion, if a person is unsuccessful, he may be_______.

A．slow- thinking.      B．disabled           C．self-centered       D．undetermined

3.The last sentence of paragraph 1 implies________.

A．Alfred thought he couldn’t change others’ mind

B．Alfred agreed with the wrong judgment

C．Alfred believed it was no use learning arithmetic

D．Alfred expected that he could succeed though it was hard

4.What can we conclude from the text?

A．Alfred has a strong determination and a firm belief

B．Others’ opinions are important

C．A person lacking in ability can still succeed

D．Alfred’s teacher and classmates will regret.

About fifteen years ago, when I was about seven years old, I took a trip with my father. Through this great trip I 1 my self-confidence and I could see beautiful 2 _and feel various 3 such as joy, sorrow, and appreciation.

My father liked climbing mountains very much. 4 he took a trip, he would 5 take me. At that time he was a good 46 . I also wanted to become a good climber. One 7 summer day my father and I took a 8 to Mt. Sol-Ak, one of the biggest mountains in Korea 9 in the eastern part of Korea.

After a few hours’ train 10 , we arrived at an entrance to the mountain. And then we started climbing. While I was climbing on the mountain, I 11 to sweat like rain. I wanted to take a 12 for only a minute, but my father said to me, “You need to put up with some 13 . If you can 14 this pain now, you will be a better climber than me.” He continued to 15 me.

The 16 I climbed to the top of the mountain, the more labored my breathing became. While I was climbing on a tough and narrow way, I could not 17 anything except my goal—that I 18 become a better climber than my father.

After two hours, I was able to get to the top of the mountain finally. I felt so 19 of myself. I thanked my father for helping and encouraging me. On the top of the mountain I could see the huge sun 20 in the west. It looked like a prize given by God.

1. A. gained　　　　 B. found　　　　 C. invented　　　　 D. showed

2. A. mountains　　 B. valleys　　　 C. landscapes　　　 D. forests

3. A. emotions　　　 B. attitudes　　 C. response　　　　 D. experience

4. A. Wherever　　　 B. Whatever　　　 C. However　　　　　 D. Whenever

5. A. probably　　　 B. occasionally　 C. always　　　 D. unwillingly

6. A. climber　　　 B. teacher　　　 C. trainer　　　　　 D. traveler

7. A. special　　　 B. proper　　　　 C. hot　　　　　 D. ordinary

8. A. trip　　　　　 B. vacation　　　 C. journey　　　　　 D. voyage

9. A. settled　　　 B. lay　　　　　 C. stood　　　　　　 D. located

10. A. tour　　　　 B. travel　　　　 C. seat　　　　　　 D. ride

11. A. continued　　 B. wanted　　　　 C. seemed　　　 D. stopped

12. A. place　　　　 B. rest　　　　　 C. pause　　　　　　 D. breath

13. A. troubles　　 B. hotness　　　 C. difficulties　　　　 D. failure

14. A. manage　　　 B. tolerate　　　 C. change　　　 D. try

15. A. praise　　　 B. inform　　　　 C. train　　　　　　 D. encourage

16. A. more closely B. closely　　　 C. closer　　　　　 D. close

17. A. think about　 B. care for　　　 C. find out　　　　 D. think out

18. A. might　　　　 B. would　　　　 C. can　　　　　 D. need

19. A. sure　　　　 B. excited　　　 C. proud　　　　　　 D. certain

20. A. going down　 B. going out　　 C. going over　　　 D. going off

Confidence：you’ve either got it or you haven’t, right? Wrong．Most people learn confidence as they go through life．

Even if you are shaking like a leaf on the inside, you’ll make a lasting impression if you can come across as confident．Here are some confidence-building tips：

Fake(偽造) it! If you can pretend that       when you don’t and keep on doing so, your fake confidence will soon turn into real confidence．It only takes a few repetitions of an activity for it to become a habit—so get in the habit of faking self-belief．

Think it．For an instant encouragement to yourself-esteem(自尊心), recall three things that give you positive emotions．It could be a great compliment(稱贊)somebody paid you, a special time when you felt happy and popular, or when you really excelled(超過別人)at something．Bring them to mind will help you to feel good instantly—and when you feel good, you have greater confidence．

Focus it．Difficult situations, such as interviews or new jobs, can make you feel shy．If you're feeling anxious about yourself, stop thinking about you and focus on something else．It could be that you focus on something normal, like the view out of the window, or that you pay more attention to the task at hand—getting the job! Either way, you’ll feel less awkward．

Talk it．If you keep telling yourself that you’re no good at something, you’ll start to believe it．Next time you blame yourself, ask yourself whether you’d talk to your friends like that：So quit being negative and start recognizing and appreciating the things you are good at．

Walk it．Great posture(姿勢) can signal great confidence．Walk with a purposeful stride(大踏步), walk with your back straight and with your head held up high!

1．What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)

2．Please fill in the blank in the 3 rd paragraph with proper words．(Please answer within 10 words．)

3．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

By trying to appear confident, you can make others always consider you confident though you are actually far from that．

4．Which of the tips given in the passage will work best with you? Why? (Please answer within 30 words．)

5．Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese．

Rumour（謠言）is the most primitive way of spreading stories--- by passing them on from mouth to mouth. but civilized countries in normal times have better sources  of news than rumour. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of confusion（混亂）, however, rumour appears and becomes widespread. At such times the different kinds of news are in competition: the press, television, and radio against the grapevine.
Especially do rumours spread when war requires control on many important matters. The normal news sources no longer give out enough information. Since the people can not learn through legal channels all that they are anxious to learn, they pick up "news" wherever they can and when this happens, rumour grows.
Rumours are often repeated even by those who do not believe the tales. There is an interest about them. The reason is that the cleverly designed rumour gives expression to something  deep in the hearts of the victims --- the fears, doubts, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to voice directly. Pessimistic（悲觀的）rumours about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are worried and anxious .Optimistic rumours about record production or peace soon coming point to self- satisfaction or confidence---and often to over- confidence.

1. 1.

   The author suggests that, in times of confusion, man often __________.

   1. A.
      stops regular news services
   2. B.
      turns to primitive ways for support
   3. C.
      distrusts his fellow man
   4. D.
      loses complete control of himself
2. 2.

   The underlined word "grapevine" in Paragraph 1 probably means "__________”.

   1. A.
      rumour
   2. B.
      newspaper
   3. C.
      information
   4. D.
      time
3. 3.

   The author states that during wartime the regular sources of news provide only __________ .

   1. A.
      false information
   2. B.
      optimistic reports
   3. C.
      limited information
   4. D.
      pessimistic reports
4. 4.

   Which of the following statements is mentioned as a reason for people to repeat a rumour?

   1. A.
      They are too willing to believe.
   2. B.
      They take an interest in rumour.
   3. C.
      They have a strong desire to make a fool of other people.
   4. D.
      They find some rumours reflect their own unexpressed beliefs.

How do apology languages work? Have you ever tried to apologize, only to be refused? It may be that you were offering a partial apology in a “l(fā)anguage” , that was foreign to your listener．The five languages of apology include:

Apology Language 1: “I am sorry.”

List the hurtful effects of your action．Not “I am sorry if …”, but “I am sorry that…”．You might ask if they want to add any points that you have not recognized.

Apology Language 2:“I was wrong.”

     Name your mistake and accept fault．Note that it is easier to say “You are right” than “ I am wrong”, but the latter carries more weight.

Apology Language 3: “ What can I do to make it right?”

     How are you now? How shall I make amends(彌補) to you? How can I restore your confidence that I love you— even though I was so hurtful to you?

Apology Language 4: “I’ll try not to do that again.”

     Engage in problem-solving．Don’t make excuses for yourself such as, “Well, my day was just so…” Instead, offer what you will change to prevent yourself from putting them in the same bad situation again．

Apology Language 5: “Will you please forgive me?”

      Be patient in seeking forgiveness．They may need some time or greater clarification of your input from Apology Languages 1-4.

      Finally, your apology may not be accepted, but at least you know that you have been faithful in offering a sincere olive branch of peace.

The passage mainly talks about___________

     A．5 tips for apologies that work          B．5 ways of refusing apologies

     C．the function of apology languages       D．the importance of apology languages

According to Paragraph 1, your apology may be refused mainly because________

     A．your listeners can’t understand your dialect.

     B．your listeners can’t hear what you said clearly.

     C．your apology is not sincere.

     D．your apology is not expressed well enough.

When offering an apology, which of the following does the author prefer?

     A．“You are right”                   B．“I am sorry if …”

       C.“I was wrong.”                   D．“Well, my day was just so…”

In the last paragraph, the author tells us even if your apology may not be accepted, at

least ___________.

     A．It’s your fault any more                B．your mind will be at peace

     C．your friend will make peace with you   D．your apology is true to your heart