Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for ― its stadium (露天大型運(yùn)動(dòng)場) and theatres, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii’s people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2000 years. Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grass-covered volcano . Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe. But they were not.

In August of AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended two days later, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.

For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash. Then, in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79. There were streets and fountains（噴泉）, houses and shops. There was a stadium with 20000 seats. Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue colour in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread, too; metal bread pans were in every bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of bread ― a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today. Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eye makeup.

Ginseppe has died, but his work continues. One-fourth has not been uncovered yet. Scientists are still digging, still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii.

Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?

 A. To visit the volcano       B. To shop and eat there

C. To watch sports and plays   D. To watch how Pompeiians lived

Why had so many Pompeiians remained by volcanic Mount Vesuvius?

A. The city nearby offered all kinds of fun.

B. The area produced the finest wine in Italy.

C. Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.

D. The mountain was beautiful and covered with grass.

Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79?

 A. Because Ginseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.

 B. Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.

 C. Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects.

 D. Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.

What do we know about the Pompeiians who lived 2000 years ago?

 A. They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.

 B. They liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.

 C. They enjoyed a good life with drinking and eating.

 D. They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79.

Humans are social animals. They live in groups all over the world. As these groups of people live apart form other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which from different cultures. One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.

Time is not very important in nonindustrial societies. The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time. The daily lives of the people of such nonindustrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule(時(shí)間表) based on the clock. They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down. They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe. They measure time not by a clock or calendar(日歷), but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event. Frequently such a society measures days in terms of "sleeps" or longer periods in terms of "moons". Some cultures, such as the Eskimos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration(遷徙) of certain animals.

Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of "telling time". For example, when several Australian aborigines(土著居民) want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree. Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly. In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way. When this happens, the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place.

In contrast(成對(duì)比), exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, industrialized societies. This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work. For a factory to work efficiently (well, quickly and without waste),for example, all of the workers must work at the same time. Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon. Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart. Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends. Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers. Complicated (復(fù)雜的) societies need clocks and calendars. Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.

By saying "Humans are social animals",the author means________.

A. they live all over the world

B. they are different from other animals

C. they live in one place, district or country, considered as a whole

D. they are divided into many groups

Time is not very important in non-industrial societies, because peoplein those societies________.

A. don't have the word TIME in their languages

B. don't get used to using clocks and other timepieces

C. don't measure time in their daily lives around an exact time schedule

D. don't need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule

The Australian aborigines' way of"telling time" is based on________.

A. the change of the sun rays            B. the movement of the earth in relation to the sun

C. the position of the stone             D. the position of the tree or the cliff

Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?

A. Time and Culture                  B. The Measurment of Time

C. Time Schedule and Daily Life        D. Clock,Calendar and Society

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.

Being alone in outer space can be   36  . That is one reason why astronauts on solo(單獨(dú)的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them   37  . They were also in constant communication with people on the earth.   38  , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine(潛水艇) voyages. It will also happen on  39  space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?

Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have also found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of  40  is. When men are  41  together for a long period, they begin to feel   42   . Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very   43  .

Apparently, although no one wants to be  44  all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of  45  or stress.

People who are well-adjusted are able to   46  stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in   47  our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress, and thus they can do better than ordinary people.

A. excited    B. frightening         C. confusing       D. brave

A. tired       B. asleep              C. conscious       D. busy

A. So far       B. After all           C. However         D. Therefore

A. long        B. fast              C. dangerous       D. direct

A. fuel        B. entertainment     C. adjustment      D. health

A. shut up      B. held up           C. brought up      D. picked up

A. uneasy     B. interested        C. comfortable      D. excited

A. pleasing     B. annoying         C. common       D. valuable

A. noisy         B. alone           C. personal     D. sociable

A. emphasis      B. conflict       C. power       D. pressure

A. handle       B. create           C. affect       D. investigate

    A. becoming      B. choosing            C. ordering    D. promoting

Growing old is something that nobody can understand until they experience it for themselves．I may not be "old" but I am certainly beginning to  36   it? turned 18 just over a week ago．I am now an adult．

As a child you  37   adults—or "grown-ups" as I used to call them—to always be in control．to know what is right and wrong． 38   as a teenager, I thought that when I reached 18 I would be far more  39   in many aspects of life．But now that I am 18, 1 know that is not true．

It is clear to me now that you do not   40   learning when you are 18．Every day you learn

something  41   , no matter what your age．However, I do understand when you become an adultyou have to  42  more responsibility．

Whereas before I seldom had to clean the dishes, set the table or help out around the house, now I do all of those．I have already  43   myself the nickname "housekeeper"．

I can even drive now, which is pretty   44  , because of the frequency of accidents．But that's not to say that 18 is not   45  to be．Not only can I drink alcohol, but I can also  46 ．In fact, being 18 has made me really interested in politics because it now means that I can change things on  47  Day．More and more of my friends want to become politicians, and it is great to

think that they can change things for the better．

A．dislike             B．feel            C．learn        D．love

A．expect            B．criticize         C．deny           D．know

A．Even             B．But           C．So             D．Since

A．comfortable       B．interested      C．a(chǎn)ssured         D．contented

A．continue           B．desire           C．stop            D．refuse

A．interested          B．unique        C．valuable         D．new

A．take on            B．put on       C．take up          D．put up

A．honored           B．chosen        C．earned          D．won

A．scary              B．a(chǎn)mazing        C．fascinating      D．difficult

A．a(chǎn)dventurous        B．tough         C．good        D．a(chǎn)nnoying

A．elect              B．vote           C．volunteer       D．involve

A．Labor             B．Independence C．Christmas      D．Election

11. According to the message board, Orion Books        .

A. opposes the reading of original classics           

B. is embarrassed for cutting down classics

C. thinks cut-down classics have a bright future       

D. is cautions in its decision to cut down classics

12. In Mr. Edwards’ opinion, Orion Group is shortening classics to        .

  A. make them easier to read            B. meet a large demand in the market

  C. increase the sales of literary books   D. compete with their original versions

13. By describing the shortened classics as “a breath of fresh air”, Ms. Weir        .

  A. speaks highly of the cut-down classics     

B. shows her love for original classics

  C. feels guilty of not reading the classics     

D. disapprove of shortening the classics

14. Mr. Crockatt seems to imply that        .

  A. reading the classic works is a confusing attempt

  B. shortening the classics does harm to the original

  C. publishing the cut-down classics is a difficult job

  D. editing the classic works satisfies children’s needs

15. How many classics are involved in the massage board?

A. Two.          B. Three.               C. Four.         D. Five.