Elena Kagan has reached a lifelong goal: becoming a Justice on the United States Supreme Court. The US Senate confirmed Kagan on Thursday by a vote of 63-37. She replaces Justice John Paul Stevens, who retired in June.

Kagan will take a sacred oath(誓言)to uphold the Constitution of the United States on Saturday at a swearing-in ceremony. The new Justice will bring the number of women sitting on the nation’s highest court to three. Kagan joins Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor-all three New Yorkers.

Kagan is the fourth woman in history to sit on the Supreme Court. Justice Sandra Day O’Connor was the first female Justice. She was appointed by President Ronald Reagan and served from 1981to 2006.

Kagan, who is 50 years old, is the second Justice appointed by President Barack Obama. (He appointed Justice Sotomayor in 2009.) Obama told reporters on Thursday that Kagan will make an “outstanding Justice who understands that her rulings affect people.” He also noted that the addition of another woman to the Supreme Court marks a sign of progress for the country. Obama and Kagan will celebrate her confirmation with a ceremony at the White House today.

Kagan has spent most of her adult life working with the law. She served in President Clinton’s administration as a legal adviser, was the head of Harvard Law School, and until her confirmation Thursday, was the US Solicitor General-one of the most powerful lawyers in the federal government. Kagan was born in New York City. She grew up in an apartment on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, the strong-willed, independent middle sister sandwiched between two brothers.

Kagan’s mother was a public school teacher who taught fifth and sixth grades. Her father was a lawyer.

The new Justice once wore a judge’s robe in a picture for her high-school yearbook. Now she’ll be wearing real ones as she and the other eight Justices decide some of the most important legal cases.

71、What can we infer according to paragraph 1?

A. Elena Kagan has become the only female Justice of America.

B. It’s Kagan’s dream to be a Justice on the United States Supreme Court.

C. Kagan achieved this position in the election by beating John Paul Stevens.

D. It will take a long time for Kagan to become a Justice on the United States Supreme

Court.

72、Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. To take the place of an old Justice, a Justice was elected by the Senate.

B. There will be four women working in the United States Supreme Court.

C. Kagan will take a sacred oath before taking in part in the election.

D. No one but a New Yorker can be a Justice of the Supreme Court.

73、What can we infer from Obama’s words?

A. He will appoint more women Justices to the Supreme Court.

B. He appointed Kagan as she had done a good job before.

C. There is much to be improved on the Supreme Court.

D. He is sure Kagan will be excellent in her new work.

74、What is the main idea of paragraph 5?

A. Kagan is a born lawyer.

B. It is about Kagan’s biography.

C. Kagan’s character is fit for her job.

D. Kagan has worked for two Presidents.

75、This text must be taken from _____ .

A. a storybook                                         B. a textbook

C. a newspaper                                        D. a biography of famous people

“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoter. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA(Food Drug Administration)can require proof (證明)under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action ,including seizure (查封) of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings (法律訴訟), and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items

1. 1.

   It can be inferred that ads mentioned in the text are ______

   1. A.
      objective
   2. B.
      costly
   3. C.
      unreliable
   4. D.
      illegal
2. 2.

   Which of the following is true according to the text?

   1. A.
      The court is in charge of removing dangerous product
   2. B.
      New products are more likely to be questionable
   3. C.
      The production of a device must be approved by FDA
   4. D.
      The promoters usually just care about profits
3. 3.

   FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product ________

   1. A.
      if it is a drug
   2. B.
      if it is a device
   3. C.
      if its consumers make complaints
   4. D.
      if its distributors challenge FDA’s authority
4. 4.

   The Relaxacisor is mentioned as_______

   1. A.
      a product which was designed to produce electricity
   2. B.
      a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case
   3. C.
      a successful advertisement of a beauty product
   4. D.
      an example of a quality beauty product
5. 5.

   The author intends to __________

   1. A.
      make consumers aware of the promoters’ false promises
   2. B.
      show the weakness of the law on product safety
   3. C.
      give advice on how to keep young and beautiful
   4. D.
      introduce the organization of FDA

The Mandarin Chinese word for “cha” is pronounced “t'e” in certain Chinese dialects(方言). Also the Malay word for the leaf is“the”. This word “the” was used to describe both the drink and the leaf. The Japanese character for tea is written exactly the same as the Chinese, though pronounced with a slight difference; so these may be the origins of our word tea in the western world.

Tea may have been discovered in 2737 BC by Shen Nong, a Chinese Emperor of the San Huang Period（3,000 - 2,700 BC）. He was a scholar, the father of agriculture and the inventor of Chinese herbal medicine. One summer day, while visiting a distant place, he and the court stopped to rest and his servants began to boil water for the court to drink. Dried leaves from the nearby bush fell into the boiling water, and made it a brown liquid. The Emperor was interested in the new liquid, drank some, and found it very refreshing. The tree was a wild tea tree, and so, tea was created.

The first samples(樣品) of tea reached England between 1652 and 1654. Tea was referred to as the China drink, tcha, chaw, tay, tee, and tea and was at first regarded more as a medicine than a fashionable drink. The original English pronunciation of the word tea was “tay” and can be traced back to around 1655 when the Dutch introduced both word and beverage（飲料）to England. The pronunciation “tee” also originated in the 1600's but only gained predominance（主導(dǎo)地位）after the late 18th century.

By 1650 the Dutch were actively involved in trade throughout the Western world. During that year Peter Stuyvesant brought the first tea to America to the colonists（殖民地定居者）in the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam （later re-named New York）.

1.The following information is true EXCEPT ________.

A. The Japanese write the character for tea the same way as we Chinese.

B. It was a Chinese Emperor who first found tea very refreshing.

C. The word “the” was used to describe only the leaf.

D. Tea was discovered quite by chance in history.

2.Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ________.

A. that Shen Nong, was a famous inventor of Chinese herbal medicine

B. why the Emperor was brave and dared to run risks

C. whether Shen Nong liked drinking boiled water outside the court

D. the way in which tea was created outdoors 

3.Which of the following information is FALSE according to the text?

① Tea was at first regarded just as a fashionable drink in England.

② Tea had different names during the early days it reached England.

③ The pronunciation “tee”originated in 1600.

④ Peter Stuyvesant introduced both word “tay” and beverage（飲料）to England.

⑤ The pronunciation“tee”became popular after the late 18th century.

A. ①②     B. ②③     C. ④⑤     D. ①④   

4.From Paragraph 3 we know ________.

A. that the leaf tea should be put in hot water for drinking 

B. that tea was called the China drink, tcha, chaw, tay, tee, t'e and tea in England

C. what the early situation of tea was like in the Western world  

D. that tea was first brought to America in the late 16th century

“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”

“Two full inches in the first three days！”

These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way add to beauty or desirability.

Often such products are nothing more than money－making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.

To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA (Food and Drug Administration) can require proof(證明) under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action, including seizure(查封) of the product.

One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.

　 Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings(法律訴訟), and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.

1．It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are ________.

A. objective 　 B. costly　　 C. unreliable 　 D. illegal

2．Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.

B. New products are more likely to be questionable.

C. The production of a device must be approved by FDA.

D. The promoters usually just care about profits.

3．FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product ________.

A. if it is a drug　　　

B. if it is a device

C. if its consumers make complaints

D. if its distributors challenge FDA's authority

4．The Relaxacisor is mentioned as ________.

A. a product which was designed to produce electricity

B. a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case

C. a successful advertisement of a beauty product

D. an example of a quality beauty product

5．The author intends to ________.

A. make consumers aware of the promoters' false promises

B. show the weakness of the law on product safety

C. give advice on how to keep young and beautiful

D. introduce the organization of FDA

“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”  

“Two full inches in the first three days!”  

These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to beauty or desirability.  

Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoter. The re they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.   

To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary? Understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA（Food Drug Administration）can require proof （證明）under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that safe and effective before it is put on the market . But if the product is a device, FDA. has no author to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the marker danger to health, FDA. can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the a voluntarily, or it can take legal action ,including seizure （查封） of the product.   

One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the ## through contact pads. FDA. took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the ## the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.   

Olwionsly, most of the devices on the maker never been the subject of court proceedings （法律訴訟）,and new devices appear continually, Before buying, it is up to the consumer to the safety or effectiveness of such items.   

61．It can be inferred that ads mentioned in the text are ______.   

A. objective          B. costly         C. unreliable          D. illegal   

62．Which of the following is true according to the text?  

A. The court is in charge of removing dangerous product.   

B. New products are more likely to be questionable.   

C. The production of a device must be approved by FDA.   

D. The promoters usually just care about profits.   

63. FDA. can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product ________.   

A. if it is a drug  

B. if it is a device  

C. if its consumers make complaints  

D. if its distributors challenge FDA’s authority  

64. The Relaxacisor is mentioned as_______.   

A. a product which was designed to produce electricity  

B. a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case  

C. a successful advertisement of a beauty product  

D. an example of a quality beauty product  

65. The author intends to __________  

A. make consumers aware of the promoters’ false promises

B. show the weakness of the law on product safety  

C. give advice on how to keep young and beautiful  

D. introduce the organization of FDA.