Running a company is not ______ a matter of hiring people ― they also need to be trained.

A. simply              B. partly              C. seriously             D. equally

It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.

Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.

Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.

Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.

The author thinks “Learning”in the passage most refers to_________.

   A. life-long learning          B. family learning  

C. learning after graduation    D. behavior learning

The underlined siblings in the second paragraph probably means______.

   A. teachers    B. classmates   C. doctors      D. brothers or sisters

Which period of children’ life does they begin to how to behave well according to the passage?

   A.After they go int society

   B.Before they enter school

   C.When they are at school

   D.Before they are born

Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

A. As a matter of fact, learning begins with formal school education

   B. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.

   C. People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.

   D. Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well.

The author tries to tell us ______in the last paragraph

   A. learning is closely related to memory and experience

   B. psychologists are interested in the wat the brain stores knowledge

   C. psychologists are more interested in a person’s behavior

   D. the relationship between learning, brain and behavior

完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）

It’s 10:30 p.m., and 11-year-old Brandon Blanco is sound asleep at home. Suddenly, a loud noise (1)____ him up. Naturally, Brandon (2) ____ his cell phone. He blinks twice, and the message on the screen becomes clear: “R U awake?”

The (3) ____ text does not annoy Brandon since he gets frequent (4) ____ and calls, even after bedtime. And he can’t imagine life without them. “If I didn’t have a cell phone, I wouldn’t be able to talk to my friends or family as often,” he told the Kaiser Family Foundation.

Brandon’s use of (5) ____ doesn’t stop there. He also has a computer, a TV and three video-game consoles（控制臺）in his room. With so many (6) ____, it is no surprise that when he is not at school, he spends nearly every (7) ____ minute using one or more of these devices. Brandon is hardly (8) ____. According to a recent study by TFK, kids aged 8 to 18 are spending more time than ever before using (9) ____ devices. How much time? More than seven and a half hours a day (10) ____, the study found. That’s about an hour more than just five years ago.

The jump is the result of a huge explosion in mobile devices, says Victoria Rideout, the lead author of the study. “These devices have opened up many more (11) ____ for young people to use media, whether it’s on the bus, on the way to school or waiting in line before the cashier,” says Rideout.

Often, kids (12) ____, or use more than one device at a time. “If you’ve got a chance to do something on your (13) ____ and take a phone call and have the TV on at the same time, why not?” Media expert Cheryl Olson says. Most experts agree technology has much to (34) ____ kids. But some worry the kids could be (15) ____ other (16) ____ like playing outside or (17) ____ with friends. “It’s a matter of balance,” says Olson.

Multitasking while (18) ____ is another concern. Some kids listen to music, watch TV or use the phone while doing their homework. “It’s important to make sure that you should (19) ____ one thing deeply,” says Rideout.

With new and exciting devices hitting stores every year, keeping technology use (20) ____ is more important than ever. “Kids should try,” adds Rideout. “But parents might have to step in sometimes.”

1.                A．wakes          B．takes           C．makes    D．gets

2.                A．reaches for      B．takes out        C．puts out D．turn off

3.                A．early           B．a(chǎn)fternoon       C．morning D．night

4.                A．books          B．messages        C．letters    D．passages

5.                A．cell phones      B．papers          C．technology    D．words

6.                A．friends         B．a(chǎn)ssignments      C．devices   D．interrupts

7.                A．working        B．speaking        C．sleeping D．waking

8.                A．happy          B．a(chǎn)lone          C．tired     D．worried

9.                A．electric         B．useful          C．electronic D．fashionable

10.               A．on average      B．in total         C．for fun    D．without stop

11.               A．jobs           B．machines       C．rooms     D．opportunities

12.               A．like            B．enjoy          C．hate D．multitask

13.               A．computer       B．desk           C．own D．time

14.               A．employ         B．offer           C．a(chǎn)ttract    D．tell

15.               A．setting up       B．missing out      C．working with    D．relying on

16.               A．methods        B．ways           C．chances   D．a(chǎn)ctivities

17.                                A．helping out B．fighting with

C．hanging out                       D．looking after

18.                                A．listening to music B．watching TV

C．using phone call                   D．doing homework

19.                                A．looking for B．concentrate on

C．staring at                         D．writing down

20.               A．in check        B．a(chǎn)t the same time C．more often     D．less often

My friend John always has something to tell me. He knows so much that   21   men have to have older and more worldly wise men to tell them,   22  , who to trust, how to care for others and how to live life    23     the fullest.

Recently, John lost his    24     Janet. For eight years she fought against cancer, but in the end her sickness had the last    25 . One day John took out a folded piece of   26    from his wallet. He had found it, so he told me, when he     27    up some drawers at home.

It was a    28     love letter Janet had written. The note could look like a school girl’s scrawls(潦草地寫，亂涂) about her dream guy.    29    the letter was written by a woman who had had seven children, a woman who fought for her life and who    30    only had a few months left to live.

It was    31    a beautiful recipe (處方，食譜) for how to keep a marriage together. Janet’s    32  of her husband begins like this, “Loved me. Took care of me. Worried about me.”

“Helped me when I was ill.” The next    33    reads. After that she turned    34   the paper and added “Warmth. Humor. Kindness. Thoughtfulness.” And then she writes about the husband she has    35    with and loved most in her life. “  36  there when I needed you.” The last words she wrote   37   all the others. I can see her for me when she added thoughtfully “Good friend.”

I stand beside John now, and cannot pretend to know how it feels to lose someone who is as close to   38   as Janet was to him. I need to   39   what he has to say much more than he needs to talk.

“John,” I ask. “How do you stick together with someone through 38 years—not to mention the sickness? How do I know     40     I can bear to stand by my wife’s side if she becomes sick one day?”

“You can.” he says quietly, “ If you love her enough, you can.”

1.A. old            B. wise        C. young            D. foolish

2.A. for instance       B. at no time   C. in that case  D. as a matter of fact

3.A. in             B. to          C. at          D. for

4.A. friend        B. colleague        C. wife     D. sister

5.A. possibility        B. chance      C. hope             D. word

6.A. handkerchief       B. cloth            C. leather          D. paper

7.A. fixed          B. looked           C. tidied           D. put

8.A. small         B. long        C. descriptive      D. talkative

9.A. So             B. But          C. And              D. While

10.A. probably     B. surely      C. certainly        D. definitely

11.A. only         B. firstly          C. lastly           D. also

12.A. imagination       B. description      C. dream        D. expectation

13.A. letter       B. note             C. line       D. paragraph

14.A. away          B. down         C. off         D. over

15. A. lived        B. dealt            C. quarreled  D. argued

16.A. Constantly        B. Always       C. Never        D. Seldom

17.A. take the place of     B. get rid of       C. take away    D. sum up

18.A. me            B. Janet            C. John             D. you

19.A. speak up          B. repeat           C. discuss          D. hear

20.A. why           B. where            C. if           D. when

Most people agree that the direct, assertive(過分自信的) American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes surprises foreigners. In many cultures, respect for older people or those in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings. But in the U.S, children often argue with their parents, students may disagree with their teachers, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government. If the soup has a fly in it or the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can complain to the waiter, if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will politely point it out.

Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults. The extremely competitive nature of Americans is probably their worst fault. Of course, competition isn’t always bad. As a matter of fact, it promotes excellence by encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best. But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest. Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and fresh. Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more traditional, leisurely ways of doing things. On the other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, challenging American lifestyle.

Despite culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues. Americans are generally viewed as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted. Most newcomers to the U.S. like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual. Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people. In a nation of immigrants, the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long.

73．Find a word in the last paragraph closest in meaning to the underlined word immigrant?

74.Why is the extremely competitive nature considered as one of American faults?（不超過10個詞）

75.What does the passage mainly talks about? （不超過2個詞）