[正] America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.?[析] invent意為"發(fā)明"即從無到有.如: Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover則意為"發(fā)現(xiàn)".?it ?[誤] That takes me ten years to finish this work.?[正] It takes me ten years to finish this work.?[析] it在這個(gè)句中的語法作用是形式主語.而真正的主語是句子后面的不定式.有的句子要用it作形式主語或形式賓語.如: I think it difficult to learn English well.?join ?[誤] Did you attend the football club??[正] Did you join the football club??[析] join經(jīng)常用于參加某個(gè)團(tuán)體.政黨.并作為其中的一個(gè)成員,attend則重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)出會議.到場.而不一定進(jìn)行具體活動(dòng).如: Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in則強(qiáng)調(diào)參與某些具體活動(dòng)或運(yùn)動(dòng).如: I take part in the football game.?just ?[誤] I have finished my work just now.?[正] I finished my work just now.?[析] just now意義"剛才".所以句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式.?[誤] Just I won the game.?[正] I just won the game.?[析] just單獨(dú)使用時(shí)不應(yīng)放在句首.而應(yīng)放于① be動(dòng)詞之后.如: He is just a student.② 名詞與一般動(dòng)詞之間.③ 用在第一助動(dòng)詞之后.如: I have just returned home. 但just與其他詞組成詞組時(shí).如just now, just then, 則可用于句首和句尾.如: Just then he saw the bus coming.?just justly ?just常用于三種含意: ① 恰好.如: It's just five o'clock. ② 僅僅.相當(dāng)于only, 如: I have just enough money to buy a dictionary. ③ 不久前.如: I just missed my old friend; He left a few minutes ago. 而justly其意為"公正的".如: He was justly punished for his crimes.?keep ?[誤] She was keeping something to her father.?[正] She was keeping something from her father.?[析] "對某人隱瞞某事"要用"keep something from somebody"句型.?[誤] He kept to repeat the word again and again.?[正] He kept repeating the word again and again.?[析] keep doing something為連續(xù)不斷地做某事.有時(shí)可以與keep on doing something互換.它們的區(qū)別在于keep doing something意為該動(dòng)作一直不停地在進(jìn)行中.如: When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something則表示該動(dòng)作可能停停頓頓但卻一直在進(jìn)行中.如: He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.[誤] We must keep up the times.?[正] We must keep up with the times.?[析] 這句話意為"我們必須趕上時(shí)代".keep up with是"趕上"之意.而keep up則是"堅(jiān)持下去"的意思.如: Keep it up, don't stop now!?key ?[誤] I lost the key of the door.?[正] I lost the key to the door.?[析] 英語中講某某的東西一般要用of.而key, entrance, answer則多用to.如:"門的鑰匙"為key to the door, "高速公路入口"為entrance to the highway, "問題的答案"為the answer (key) to the question.?kind ?[誤] This kind of books are not good.?[正] This kind of books is not good.?[析] kind在這種句式中應(yīng)作為主語.如果講Those kinds of books are very good. 則是正確的.?kind sort type ?kind和sort為同義詞.意為"種類".而type則為"型號".如: What type of this car do you want?(你想要這種車的什么型號?)?knock ?[誤] Someone was knocking the door.?[正] Someone was knocking at the door.?[析] knock雖可以作及物動(dòng)詞.如: The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作"敲門"講一定要用作不及物動(dòng)詞: knock at (on) the door.?know ?[誤] I want to know to play this game.?[正] I want to know how to play this game.?[析] 要注意英語中在不定式前加疑問代詞或疑問副詞的用法.如:I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.?know know of ?I know him.為"我很了解他."而I know of him. 則為"我聽說過他."同樣的用法還有hear和hear of這一詞組.??large ?[誤] He found a large number of mistake in his homework.?[正] He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.?[析] "a large number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞".意為大量的.? last ?[誤] This is the newest news.?[正] This is the latest news.?[析] "最新消息"應(yīng)為latest news.因?yàn)樽钔淼降男侣劜攀亲钚孪?請注意英語與漢語的區(qū)別.?last the last ?[誤] I saw my brother the last week.?[正] I saw my brother last week.?[析] 當(dāng)談到與目前有關(guān)的上月.上星期等概念時(shí)只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠詞.the last 可用于表示一系列詞的最后一個(gè).如: That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用來表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)長時(shí)期.如: I am busy for the last week.?late ?[誤] Yesterday I went home lately.?[正] Yesterday I went home late.?[析] late即可做形容詞又可作副詞,而lately則意為"最近的".如: I haven't seen her lately.?late latter later lately ?late有兩個(gè)比較級.指時(shí)間較晚應(yīng)用later.如口語中常講: See you later. 而latter則指按順序講的后者.或靠后的.其反意詞為former.如: the former president.又如: I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately則意為"近來"."不久前".?laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的.?laugh over 則指"笑著談?wù)?quot;某事.如 We laugh over the film. (我們笑著談?wù)撃莻(gè)電影.)?lay ?[誤] We lied on the beach.?[正] We lay on the beach.?[析] 英文中有三個(gè)動(dòng)詞易混.在考試中也頻頻出現(xiàn).它們的現(xiàn)在式.過去式.過去分詞以及現(xiàn)在分詞是: ?lay laid laid laying?lie lay lain cying?lie lied lied lying?learn ?[誤] The teacher said:"You must study this poem by heart."?[正] The teacher said:"You must learn this poem by heart."?[析] study與learn在作"學(xué)習(xí)"講時(shí).常?梢曰Q.但learn側(cè)重于學(xué)習(xí)成果或初級階段的模仿性學(xué)習(xí).如:The little baby is learning to walk. 而study則多側(cè)重于學(xué)習(xí)的過程.如: I'm studying at this college. 而learn-by heart則是"記住"."背誦"之意.?leave ?[誤] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.?[正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.?[析] leave for一詞組為"去某地".如對話中常講I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所離開的地點(diǎn)是雙方都知道的則可以省略.?leave forget ?[誤] I've forgotten my homework at home.?[正] I've forgotten my homework.?[正] I've left my homework at home.?[析] 如果句中有地點(diǎn)狀語則不要用forget, 而要用leave.?lesson ?[誤] I have two lessons of English.?[正] I have two English lessons.?[正] I have two lessons in English.?[析] "我有兩節(jié)英語課."這一表達(dá)法如上.但美國老師講他有兩節(jié)課時(shí)則多用"I have two classes."?teach somebody a lesson 為"教訓(xùn)某人".或"要吸取教訓(xùn)".如: Let this thing teaches you a lesson.?lend ?[誤] Please borrow me your bike.?[正] Please lend me your bike.?[析] borrow是指"借入".如: I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是"借出".如: I can lend you my bike. 而keep為"借多久": 如 How long can I keep it??less ?[誤] He has fewer money than she has.?[正] He has less money than she has.?[析] less是little的比較級.而fewer是few的比較級.要注意前者修飾不可數(shù)名詞.而后者修飾可數(shù)名詞.?let ?[誤] The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?[正] The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?[析] 雖然let, have, make有相同的用法.但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思.[誤] Let's go to the park, will you??[正] Let's go to the park, shall we??[誤] Let us go to the park, shall we??[正] Let us go to the park, will you??[析] Let's go的反意疑問句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑問句則是will you??life ?[誤] Many people lost their life in the Second World War.?[正] Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.?[析] life作為"生命"."性命"時(shí)應(yīng)為可數(shù)名詞,當(dāng)泛指一般"生活"講時(shí)則為不可數(shù)名詞.如: Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如: Life is not all fun.?light ?[誤] There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.?[正] There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.?[析] light有兩個(gè)過去分詞: lighted和lit.當(dāng)用過去分詞作形容詞當(dāng)定語時(shí)只能用lighted.?light可以用作名詞.如: The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容詞.如: The classroom is very light. 還可以作動(dòng)詞.如: The little girl lit a match. 作形容詞時(shí)還有"輕"."淺"等意.如: This box is light. I like light blue.?like ?[誤] My sister is very as me.?[正] My sister is very like me.?[析] as 作為連詞其后要接從句.如: She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介詞.其后接賓語.?[誤] Do you like swimming with me tonight.?[正] Would you like to swim with me tonight.?[析] like作為動(dòng)詞當(dāng)"喜歡"講時(shí).其后面可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞.用不定式多表達(dá)一個(gè)一次性的動(dòng)作.如: I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用動(dòng)名詞則表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作.如: I like swimming very much.?like alike ?作為形容詞.alike 一般不作定語.而只作表語.如, The twins are very alike.?[誤] Would you like swimming with us??[正] Would you like to swim with us??[析] 在would you like-這一句型中.其后面只能接不定式.而不能接動(dòng)名詞.?like的用法還要注意以下兩點(diǎn): ① He likes Tom. 為"他喜歡湯姆."② He is like Tom. 為"他像湯姆."第二句話的like為介詞.而第一句話的like為動(dòng)詞.?listen ?[誤] You should hear the teahcer's advice.?[正] You should listen to the teacher's advice.?[析] hear多側(cè)重于聽到某事或某種聲音.而listen to則側(cè)重于聽的傾向性.如: We listen but hear nothing. 例句為"聽取某人意見".所以只能用listen to someone's advice.?little ?[誤] Don't worry, there is little time.?[正] Don't worry, there is a little time.?[誤] There is a little water. Shall I get some??[正] There is little water. Shall I get some??[析] 要注意中英文在同一問題上的表達(dá)法是不同的.如中文"水不多了.我去取點(diǎn)吧."英文要講"沒水了.我去取點(diǎn)吧."?little small ?little與small是近義詞.在作定語時(shí)常?梢曰Q.如: a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表語.如: The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定語時(shí)little常常帶有感情色彩.而small則帶有對比的含義.?live ?[誤] Tom lives with his parents' money.?[正] Tom lives on his parents' money.?[誤] He lives on teaching.?[正] He lives by teaching.?[析] "靠吃某物為生"應(yīng)用live on something, 而live by是"靠某種生活手段為生".?living alive ?living側(cè)重于生活得很好.身體不錯(cuò).如: My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive則強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有死而是活著的.如: Is that cat alive or dead??lonely ?[誤] She wanted to do her homework lonely.?[正] She wanted to do her homework alone.?[析] lonely意為"寂寞的"."孤單的".如: The old man felt lonely. alone則意為"獨(dú)自的"."單獨(dú)的".如: He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.?long ?[誤] I have been studying long for the exam.?[正] I have been studying for a long time for the exam.?[析] long用作表達(dá)時(shí)間的副詞時(shí).在否定句及疑問句中最常用.但在肯定句中除與so, too, as-as連用外.一般要用for a long time.?[誤] I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.?[正] I'll call you as long as the book is returned.?[析] as-as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來.?[誤] How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.?[正] How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.?[析] 因?yàn)榇鹫Z為每周一次所以問的是頻率.要用how often.?look ?look for find ?look for 側(cè)重于 "尋找"這個(gè)動(dòng)作.如: What are you looking for? 而find則側(cè)重于結(jié)果.如: It is very difficult to find a job. 這里不能用look for.因?yàn)檎嬲щy的是"找到"工作.?其他用法還有:?[例] He often looks back on his high?school days.?[析] look back on something 為"回顧"."回想".?[例] I wish you wouldn't look down on the children's work.?[析] look down on 為"看不起"某人或某事.?[誤] I'm looking forward to see you.?[正] I'm looking forward to seeing you.?[析] look forward to詞組中的to是介詞.所以其后要加名詞或動(dòng)名詞.不能接不定式.?lot ?[誤] I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.?[正] I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.?[析] much money多用于疑問句與否定句中.而在肯定句中要用a lot of.?lots of與a lot of之間無多大區(qū)別.兩者都可以修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞.所以常?梢曰Q.?[誤] He is more happier now.?[正] He is a lot happier now.?[析] 不可用more來修飾比較級.能修飾比較級的詞有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等.?loud loudly ?這兩個(gè)詞含意相同.在日常用語中l(wèi)oud多與talk.speak, shout, laugh等動(dòng)詞連用.如:Don't speak so loud. you'll wake the baby. 而在比較正式的場合才用loudly.?loud aloud ?loud多指把聲音放大.而aloud則指要出聲不要默讀.如:?-What did you say??-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. ?make ?[誤] The little boy was made repeat the whole story.?[正] The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.?[誤] The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.?[正] The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.?[析] make 的句型為"make somebody do something".但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中原來被省去的不定式符號to要被還原回來.?[誤] I always do this mistake.?[正] I always make this mistake.?[析] 英語中do和make是十分不易弄清的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞.do常用于談?wù)摴ぷ鲿r(shí)或某種不確定的活動(dòng)時(shí).如: do a favour.do one's best.do good.而多數(shù)情況下常用make, 如: make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed.make a noise, make money等等.?[誤] This wine was made of grapes.?[正] This wine was made from grapes.?[析] 當(dāng)成品制成后.其原料的性質(zhì)有所改變時(shí)應(yīng)用make from.否則用make of. 如: This door was made of iron.?[誤] Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.?[正] Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.?[析] make up是"創(chuàng)造"."編織".而make up for是"彌補(bǔ)--的不足之處".上句應(yīng)譯為"勤奮工作可以彌補(bǔ)天資的不足."?[誤] We made up our mind to study hard.?[正] We made up our minds to study hard.?[析] mind這里是可數(shù)名詞.使用時(shí)要特別予以注意make up one's mind是"下定決心"之意.?[誤] Our class is made of twenty girls and twenty?one boys.?[正] Our class is made up of twenty girls and twenty?one boys.?[析] make up of-是"某物由--組成或構(gòu)成".?many ?[誤] I have many friends.?[正] I have a lot of friends.?[析] many和much多用于疑問句或否定句中.而在肯定句中則用處不多.尤其在非正式談話中.如:?-How much money have you got??-I've got plenty.?[誤] You bought much too tomatoes.?[正] You bought too many tomatoes.?[析] too many后接可數(shù)名詞.too much后接不可數(shù)名詞.而much too后面接形容詞.意為"太多".?[誤] For many a weeks it rained a lot.?[正] For many a week it rained a lot.?[析] many a意為"好多"."許多".但其后面要加單數(shù)名詞.?matter ?[誤] No matter what you did.?[正] No matter what you did, I trusted you.?[析] No matter是個(gè)詞組.意為"不論".它的語法功能是起連接作用.所以不能用于一個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子.?it doesn't matter這個(gè)詞組則不是一個(gè)連接詞組.所以可以和一個(gè)單句連用.如: It ?doesn't? mater what you say. ?maybe ?[誤] May be he is right.?[正] Maybe he is right.?[析] maybe是副詞.不要錯(cuò)用為may be.?maybe perhaps ?這兩個(gè)詞的詞意一樣.maybe常用于非正式談話.而perhaps則多用在正式文體中.如: Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 而?Julius Caesar? is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.?mend ?[誤] I want to have my bike mended.?[正] I want to have my bike repaired.?[析] mend意為"縫補(bǔ)".如: My mother mended my coat. 而repair是"修理".?mind ?[誤] Could you mind to close the door??[正] Could you mind closing the door??[誤] Try to make up your mind studying hard.?[正] Try to make up your mind to study hard.?[析] mind用作動(dòng)詞時(shí).其后加動(dòng)名詞,而用作名詞意為"下定決心"時(shí).其后要加不定式. ?要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答語: 如果你不介意.應(yīng)回答"No, go ahead."如果你不想讓對方吸煙.則應(yīng)講"Yes, please don't."?miss ?[誤] I found my bag missed.?[正] I found my bag missing.?[析] missing為形容詞.其意為"不見了"."丟了".在句中用作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不要誤用missed.它作動(dòng)詞時(shí)多為及物動(dòng)詞.要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞.而不接不定式.如: I missed the first train, I don't want to miss seeing the famous football player.?在作補(bǔ)足語講某物"不見了"時(shí)有missing, gone, lost等.如: I found my bag missing .?mistake ?[誤] I took your pen by wrong.?[正] I took your pen by mistake.?[析] by mistake是"錯(cuò)拿了"."誤拿了"你的東西.wrong意為"錯(cuò)誤".而by mistake為"弄混了".如:?[誤] If I'm not wrong, you are Mr Brown.?[正] If I'm not mistaken, you are Mr Brown. (如果我沒弄錯(cuò)的話.您是Brown先生.)[誤] The teachers always mistook me as my brother.?[正] The teachers always mistook me for my brother.?[析] mistake-for-是"錯(cuò)把--當(dāng)作--"之意.如: I took your book for mine.?more ?[誤] This book is more better than that one.?[正] This book is much better than that one.?[析] 不能用比較級來修飾比較級.而應(yīng)用much, rather等來修飾比較級.?[誤] More you read, more you learn.?[正] The more you read, the more you learn.?[析] 在"越--越--的"表達(dá)法中.形容詞的比較級前要加定冠詞.請注意more than one這個(gè)詞組的后面要跟單數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞.如: More than one student is going to do part time job after school.?no more than not morethan ?no more than應(yīng)譯為"只不過"."才".如: He wrote no more than three books. 即他真正寫了三本書.而not more than則意為"不會多于".如: He wrote not more than three books. 即他寫的書不會多于三本.又如: He is no shorter than you. 應(yīng)譯為"你和他都不矮".而He is not shorter than you. 才應(yīng)譯為"他比你高."?most ?[誤] Most of students are good at English.?[正] Most of the students are good at English.?[正] Most students are good at English.?[析] most of這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的名詞前一定要有一個(gè)限定詞.?[誤] My friends are most teachers.?[正] My friends are mostly teachers.?[析] mostly意為"大部分的"."主要的".?much ?[誤] The boy was asleep very much.?[正] The boy was fast asleep.?[析] 不是所有的形容詞都可以用very來修飾.如fast asleep意為"熟睡".則是固定搭配.像interesting, exciting, surprising這些形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞.以及tired, interested這些形容詞化的過去分詞則要用very來修飾.?must ?[誤] He must be in the office, and mustn't go home.?[正] He must be in the office, and can't go home.?[析] must加動(dòng)詞原形為對事情的肯定推測.而否定的推測則要用can't加動(dòng)詞原形.?[誤] It must have rained now.?[正] It must have rained yesterday.?[析] "must+have+過去分詞"為對過去發(fā)生事情的推測.這句話應(yīng)譯為"昨天一定是下雨了."又如: I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.?must have to ?must用來表示說話者覺得某件事有必要去做.如I must stop smoking. 其意為:我自己認(rèn)為我要戒煙,而have to則多用來表達(dá)由于來自外界的因素而不得不去做的事.如: I have to go to school tomorrow.?must無過去式.當(dāng)用在講過去某件必須要做的事時(shí)要用had to, 如: When I was young, I had to go to the factory.?在否定句中mustn't意為:一定不要做某事.如: You mustn't tell this to Tom. 而haven't to則多意為沒有必要去做.如: You don't have to tell this to Tom. 而英語中多用needn't 來取代haven't to.?myself ?[誤] I can't play ping?pong myself.?[正] I can't play ping?pong by myself.?[析] 第一句并無語法錯(cuò)誤.myself為"我親自要去".而by myself為"獨(dú)自一人".這句話要表達(dá)的意思是"我一個(gè)人無法打乒乓球."而I want to play ping?pong myself. 應(yīng)譯為"我自己想去打乒乓球."? name ? [誤] She was named of a flower.?[正] She was named after a flower.?[析] 以--命名應(yīng)為name after.又如給某人取名應(yīng)為The father named his son Tom.?near ?[誤] We came near to hit him.?[正] We came near to hitting him.?[析] 這句話應(yīng)譯為"我們幾乎要打他一頓."near to這一用法中to為介詞.其后要接賓語.所以要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞.near作介詞時(shí)其后可加to也可不加to.如: I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.?by near ?We lived near the city. 與We lived by the city. 兩句話都是對的.但其表達(dá)的意義有所不同.by在表達(dá)距離時(shí)比near更近.所以by the city是緊靠近某城市.?need ?[誤] This room needs to clean.?[正] This room needs to be cleaned.?[正] This room needs cleaning.?[析] 在表達(dá)某事需要做什么時(shí).need后面如用不定式要用其被動(dòng)態(tài).如接動(dòng)名詞則要用主動(dòng)態(tài).?[誤] We need not to do it.?[正] We needn't do it.?[析] need用在否定句.疑問句中一般用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.所以無人稱變化也不加to.而在肯定句中則多用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞.如: We need your help.?neither ?[誤] None of my parents is a teacher.?[正] Neither of my parents is a teacher.?[析] 對兩者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情況.?[誤] I don't do my homework. Neither he does.?[正] I don't do my homework. Neither does he.?[析] 這時(shí)應(yīng)用倒裝句.?[誤] Neither you nor I are right.?[正] Neither you nor I am right.?[析] neither-nor- 這一句型在應(yīng)用時(shí)其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)以鄰近的主語一致.?[誤] Neither he studies nor plays.?[正] Neither does he study nor play.?[析] neither, hardly, seldom等否定詞位于句首時(shí).謂語動(dòng)詞采用倒裝形式.?never ?[誤] Never I have broken my word.?[正] Never have I broken my word.?[析] never用于句首時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用.要用倒裝語序.但用于句中一般放于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.助動(dòng)詞.或be動(dòng)詞后面.如: I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成語中.如: Better late than never. never mind沒關(guān)系.如: "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."?news ?[誤] There are many news about the accident.?[正] There is much news about the accident.?[析] news是不可數(shù)名詞.它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式.如果講一條新聞要用a piece of news. newspaper ?[誤] I read the news on today's newspaper.?[正] I read the news in today's newspaper.?[析] 在報(bào)紙上讀到某一條新聞一定要用介詞in.而on the newspaper是指把某物放于報(bào)紙之上.如: May I put the flower on this newspaper??night ?[誤] I came home very late yesterday night.?[正] I came home very late last night.?[析] "昨晚"一般要講last night.而不應(yīng)參照"昨天上午.下午.傍晚"的說法yesterday morning等套用.?no none ?no是個(gè)限定詞.它可以用在可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前.如: No news is good news. 但如果名詞前有另一限定詞時(shí)則不能用no.而要用none of.如None of the students was here.?no not ?要使句子具有部分否定的意思.我們用not.如: I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定則用no.如Sorry, there is no time to talk.?No one none ?no one與nobody一樣不能接of結(jié)構(gòu).如: No one wished me good luck. 而要用of結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要用none, 如: None of my friends wished me good luck.?nor ?[誤] I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.?[正] I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.?[析] 注意在表達(dá)"既不--也不--"時(shí)不要用or作連詞.而要用nor.并且要用倒裝語序. ?not ?[誤] The students went to the park, but no the teachers.?[正] The students went to the park, but not the teachers.?[析] 要使一個(gè)句子或一個(gè)句子的某一部分為否定時(shí)我們要用not, 而不用no.?[誤] There is no my letter today.?[正] There is no letter for me today.?[析] no是一個(gè)限定詞.用在名詞前時(shí).要注意這個(gè)名詞前應(yīng)沒有冠詞.物主代詞或指示代詞.?[誤] He not only was a writer but also an actor.?[正] He was not only a writer but also an actor.?[析] 在這一句型中not only之后的詞與but also之后的詞類必須一致.否則應(yīng)為錯(cuò)句.如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)用在主語位置.則謂語動(dòng)詞要與but also后面的主語保持一致.如: Not only you but also I am wrong.?nothing ?[誤] Nothing but books were sold here.?[正] Nothing but books was sold here.?[析] 要注意真正的主語是nothing而不是books.所以這一結(jié)構(gòu)在學(xué)生的使用中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò).[誤] I have nothing to do but to cry.?[正] I have nothing to do but cry.?[析] 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中but后面要用省to的不定式.?number ?[誤] A number of news can be heard on TV today.?[正] A lot of news can be heard on TV today.?[析] a number of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù).?[誤] The number of students are ten thousand.?[正] The number of students is ten thousand.?[析] a number of 其意為"大量的".而the number of-是"某某的數(shù)量".即the number of students意為"學(xué)生人數(shù)".所以要用單數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞.?o'clock ?[誤] It's ten past five o'clock.?[正] It's ten past five.?[析] o'clock所表達(dá)的時(shí)間是正點(diǎn).如果要表達(dá)的時(shí)間是幾點(diǎn)幾分或差幾分幾點(diǎn)都不能用o'clock.?once ?[誤] Please come and see me once.?[正] Please come and see me one day.?[析] once用來談?wù)撨^去的事情.而不能談?wù)撐磥?如果要談及未來要用one day, some time等.?[誤] I met him one time when I was a student.?[正] I met him once when I was a student.?[析] 英語中一次應(yīng)用once而不用one time.二次要用twice而不用two times.?one ?[誤] My grandfather wants to live for hundred years.?[正] My grandfather wants to live for one hundred years.?[誤] He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy new one.?[正] He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy a new one.?[誤] His dog is bigger than my one.?[正] His dog is bigger than mine.?[析] 一般物主代詞之后不用one.除非one前有修飾詞.如my old one. 否則要用名詞性物主代詞.?[誤] One of the teacher is in the office.?[誤] One of the teachers are in the office.?[正] One of the teachers is in the office.?[析] One是句子的主語.其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù).而of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞.?[誤] One third of the books is sent to the students.?[正] One third of the books are sent to the students.?[析] 幾分之幾或百分之幾這一結(jié)構(gòu)用在主語位置.其謂語動(dòng)詞要與of后面的名詞一致.如Two thirds of the work is done.?open ?[誤] Are the banks opened today??[正] Are the banks open today??[析] 要注意open即可用作動(dòng)詞.名詞.還可以用作形容詞.而close則不同.請看: Are the banks closed today?這一句是正確的.?or ?[誤] He doesn't drink and smoke.?[正] He doesn't drink or smoke.?[析] 否定句中的并列連詞要用or而不用and.?[誤] He neither drinks or smokes.?[正] He neither drinks nor smokes.?other ?[誤] Where are the others students??[正] Where are the other students??[正] Where are the others??[析] other作形容詞時(shí)沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式.且作為泛指講時(shí)沒有定冠詞.如: Ask some other eople. 而加定冠詞后為特指. the other可在句中作主語.賓語或定語.如: Now let me show you the other. He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a teacher. others 只能作代詞.而the others則為特指.如: There are five books. Two of them are not good. I like the others.?out ?[誤] She went out the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.?[正] She went out of the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.?[析] out of是指"從--里出來".使用時(shí)不要將of丟掉.? paper ?[誤] Please give me two letter papers.?[正] Please give me two sheets of letter paper.?[析] paper作為紙講為不可數(shù)名詞.?[誤] Each student must write paper on what he learned.?[正] Each student must write a paper on what he learned.?[析] 這里的paper作為論文講.是可數(shù)名詞.paper的這種用法還可以用于證件.報(bào)紙.考卷等.parent ?[誤] My parents and I are both interested in football.[正] My parents and I are all interested in football.?[析] parents即為父母.雙親.指兩個(gè)人.加上自己為三個(gè)人.所以只能用all而不能用both.? pass ?[誤] The ship pasted the channel.?[正] The ship passed the channel.?[析] pass為動(dòng)詞.而past則為副詞.不要混淆.如: My father has been ill for the past two weeks. All the students passed the exam.?pay ?[誤] Please help me do this job, and I will pay for you later.?[正] Please help me do this job and I will pay you later.?[析] 為某工作付給工人工資應(yīng)為pay somebody, 而pay for something是為某物付款.如: You can buy all the things you want. I'll pay for those.?people ?[誤] There are five hundred peoples here.?[正] There are five hundred people here.?[誤] There is only one people.?[正] There is only one person.?[誤] People there is friendly.?[正] People there are friendly.?[析] people作為人講時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞.如要講一個(gè)人應(yīng)用one person, 而不能用people, 講若干人時(shí)用people而不能加s.這樣的用法還有police等.這些概念用單數(shù)時(shí)要換其他的詞. 如: people-a person; police-policeman policewoman; youth-a young man/woman.?picture ?[誤] There are some spots in the picture.?[正] There are some spots on the picture.?[誤] There is a young woman on the picture.?[正] There is a young woman in the picture.?[析] 指濺落在畫面上的灰塵.污物是on the picture.即講與畫面內(nèi)容無關(guān)的東西用on.而in the picture用于講畫面的內(nèi)容.?pity ?[誤] What pity that her mother must always suffer!?[正] What a pity that her mother must always suffer!?[析] pity作為遺憾之事講常加不定冠詞,但要注意作為同情.憐憫講則不加冠詞.為不可數(shù)名詞.如: I feel pity for you. 它還可以用作動(dòng)詞.如: He pitied the poor people.?[誤] I have pity for you.?[正] I have pity on you.?[析] 可憐某人時(shí)應(yīng)用have pity on somebody.這是個(gè)慣用法.?place ?[誤] Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to another.?[正] Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to place (from one place to another).?[析] 到處譯為英文時(shí)為from place to place請不要在place之前加冠詞.這種用法在有些語法書中叫作零冠詞用法.如:一戶挨一戶為door by door.手拉手為hand in hand.?[誤] The accident was taken place in that street.?[正] The accident took place in that street.?[析] take place為發(fā)生.它不能用于被動(dòng)態(tài).這樣的詞還有happen等.?[誤] There is no place in the bus.?[正] There is no room in the bus.?[析] room這里為不可數(shù)名詞.意為空間.即沒有地方了.place多指場所所在之地.[誤] I came here to take place of Mr Smith.?[正] I came here to take the place of Mr Smith.?[析] take the place of 意為代替.取代某人某事.?play ?[誤] Do you want to play guitar??[正] Do you want to play the guitar??[誤] I like to play the bridge.?[正] I like to play bridge.?[析] play作為玩講時(shí).在各種樂器前要加冠詞.在各種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)前則沒有冠詞.?please ?[誤] My friend pleased me to his birthday party yesterday.?[正] My friend invited me to his birthday party yesterday.?[析] please作為動(dòng)詞時(shí)其詞義不是請.而是高興.愿意等意.如: She always does what she pleases. (她總是想做什么就做什么.)又如: It's hard to please all. 而please作為請講時(shí)為語氣詞.多用于祈使句中.如: Please come in.?[誤] Both the teacher and the mother were pleased to the little girl.?[正] Both the teacher and the mother were pleased with the little girl.?[析] 對某人表示滿意.喜歡.應(yīng)用be pleased with somebody. 對某事感到高興和滿意時(shí)多用be pleased at或about.但有時(shí)也可用with.卻不能用of.?pleasure ?[誤] The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasures.?[正] The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasure.?[析] pleasure作為高興.愉快.享樂.娛樂 講時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞.?[誤] It is pleasure to work with you.?[正] It is a pleasure to work with you.?[析] pleasure作為一件或某件樂事.高興之事講時(shí)為 可數(shù)名詞.如: It is one of my pleasures.?police ?[誤] The police has not found the cause of the accident.[正] The police have not found the cause of the accident.[析] police為復(fù)數(shù)名詞.它沒有單數(shù)形式.如果要講一個(gè)警察 要用a policeman.兩個(gè)要用two policemen.或a policewoman, two policewomen.?prepare ?[誤] I'm preparing the exam.?[正] I'm preparing for the exam.?[誤] We'll return in time for you to prepare for dinner.[正] We'll return in time for you to prepare dinner.?[析] prepare既是及物動(dòng)詞.又是不及物動(dòng)詞.作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí) 其后面所跟的事物是正在 準(zhǔn)備的,而作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)for后面的事物是目標(biāo).如: I'm preparing for the exam. 應(yīng)譯為我正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備.同樣的用法還有search與search for.?present ?[誤] Don't worry. I can present the meeting.?[正] Don't worry. I can be present at the meeting.?[析] present作為出席.在場講時(shí).是形容詞而不應(yīng) 用作動(dòng)詞.其動(dòng)詞意為 送給;贈(zèng)給;提出.如: The reporter presented arguments of his idea.? put ?[誤] She put off her red dress and put on the green one.[正] She took off her red dress and put on the green on e.?[析] 與put連用的介詞很多.一般來講on與off是一對相反的意 義的介詞.如: turn on .穿衣服是put on.但脫衣服卻只能用take off,而put o ff是推遲.使某人下車.關(guān)掉之意.如: They put off the exam because t he national holiday. (因國家假日而推遲考期.)Could you put me off at the Town Ha ll. Please put off the wireless before you leave. ??radio ?[誤] There are two radioes in the classroom.?[正] There are two radios in the classroom.?[誤] I heard the weather report through the radio.?[正] I heard the weather report on the radio.?[析] 在收音機(jī)中聽到某事應(yīng)為hear something on the ra dio.聽收音機(jī)應(yīng)為l isten to the radio. 這樣的用法還有電視.看電視為watch TV.講在電視上看見什 么節(jié)目為watch-on TV.如: I'm watching the football match on TV. 但注意.作為 一種通信手段時(shí)應(yīng)為by radio, 如: Police are talking to each other by radio.? rain ?[誤] There is a small rain falling.?[正] There is a light rain falling.?[誤] There is a big rain.?[正] There is a heavy rain.?[析] 大雨在英文中應(yīng)為a heavy rain, rain cats and do gs 為傾盆大雨.小雨 為a light rain. 千萬不要講a big rain 或a small rain. 當(dāng)作動(dòng)詞講時(shí).雨下得很 大可譯為: It rains very much now/hard now/heavily now.?reach ?[誤] We reached to the town very late.?[正] We reached the town very late.?[析] reach作為到達(dá)講是及物動(dòng)詞.而arrive為不及物動(dòng) 詞.但要注意reach的詞組 搭配.如reach for. 為伸手去拿.如: The thief reached for the gun. reach ou t伸出手.如: He reached out and took an interesting book.?ready ?[誤] You must ready at once.?[正] You must be ready at once.?[析] ready為形容詞.而不像中文中準(zhǔn)備為動(dòng)詞.?remember ?[誤] I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief c ame into the room directly.?[正] I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.?[析] remember其后接動(dòng)名詞.動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完. 如: I don't remember meeting you. 其后如接不定式.不定式表達(dá)的動(dòng)作還沒有去做.如: Do remember to tur n off the light before you leave.?rest ?[誤] The rest of the students is girls.?[正] The rest of the students are girls.?[析] rest作剩余部分講時(shí).the rest of-結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí) 其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致.這種用法還有1/3 of, 80% of等.?[誤] The rest of the work are done.?[正] The rest of the work is done.?return ?[誤] My friends returned back to their second home town .?[正] My friends returned to their second home town.?[析] return即為返回.所以back是多余的.這句話還可以 表述為: My friends went back to their second home town.?rice ?[誤] We had a few rice and some bread.?[正] We had a little rice and some bread.?[析] rice為物質(zhì)名詞.為不可數(shù)名詞.?rice ?[誤] We had a few rice and some bread.?[正] We had a little rice and some bread.?[析] rice為物質(zhì)名詞.為不可數(shù)名詞.?rich ?[誤] The country is rich of oil.?[正] The country is rich in oil.?[析] be rich in 為盛產(chǎn)--.?[誤] The rich is not always happy.?[正] The rich are not always happy.?[析] 形容詞加定冠詞表示一類人.作主語時(shí)要作復(fù)數(shù)看待.?[誤] All his riches is no good to him if he is so ill.[正] All his riches are no good to him if he is so ill.[析] riches為財(cái)富.是復(fù)數(shù)名詞.沒有單數(shù)形式.像這 樣的詞還有g(shù)oods.manners等.?river [誤] We like swimming on the river.?[正] We like swimming in the river.?[誤] We like boating in the river.?[正] We like boating on the river.?[析] 游泳用in the river.而在湖中劃船要用on the river.room[誤] There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make a room for her.?[正] There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make room for her.?[析] room作為空間講時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞.leave room for- 為給某人留點(diǎn)空地, make room for-為讓位給某人.如: The young man made room for an old woman.?run ?[誤] I ran across with an old friend at the school gate .?[正] I ran across an old friend at the school gate.?[析] run across 為偶然相遇.?[誤] The truck ran across the cat.?[正] The truck ran over the cat.?[析] run over為從--上輾過.?[誤] Yesterday I ran to a storm on my way home.?[正] Yesterday I ran into a storm on my way home.?[析] run into為撞上或撞在--上.??safe [誤] The brave man safed the boy from drowning.?[正] The brave man saved the boy from drowning.?[析] safe是形容詞.如: They wished him a safe journey. safely是副詞.如: The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名詞.如: safety island.Safety first!但save是動(dòng)詞.same ?[誤] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.?[正] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.?[析] the same that意為"即是".而the same as才能譯為"像--一樣的."?[誤] Your book is not same as mine.?[正] Your book is not the same as mine.?[析] the same as中的定冠詞不能少.say ?[誤] His report wrote she is nineteen.?[正] His report says she is nineteen.?[析] 中文中常講"報(bào)告上寫到"."信上寫到".這樣的"寫"在英文中要用say.?say speak talk tell ?英文中"說"一般有四個(gè)詞.其中say和tell為及物動(dòng)詞.tell可以加雙賓語.如Please tell me a story. 而speak與talk為不及物動(dòng)詞.speak只有后面直接加"語言"時(shí)才是及物的.如: Please speak English. 請看下句: He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.?sea ?[誤] As a boy his great ambition was to go to the sea.?[正] As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.?[析] go to sea為"去當(dāng)水手.海員",而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如: He want to go to the sea for his vacation.?在"海中"游泳為in the sea; at sea為在"海上航行".如: I have a brother at sea. by sea為"坐船"."由海路運(yùn)輸".如: We travelled to New York by sea.?second ?[誤] I want to learn the second foreign language.?[正] I want to learn a second foreign language.?[析] 當(dāng)作為"第二"外語."再增加一個(gè)"時(shí).不要用the second而要用a second. the second強(qiáng)調(diào)排隊(duì)的次序.a second強(qiáng)調(diào)再增加一個(gè).?see ? [誤] He was seen leave the room.?[正] He was seen to leave the room.?[析] see作主動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)則是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意慣用法let me see.?sheep ?[誤] There are five sheeps on the grass.?[正] There are five sheep on the grass.?[析] sheep是單.復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞.其他的還有: deer等.?ship ?[誤] I travelled on a yacht.?[正] I travelled on a ship .?[析] 雖然都是船.但游艇要用in, 而ship要用on.?sick ?[誤] The little boy was a ill boy.?[正] The little boy was a sick boy.?[析] sick與ill作表語時(shí)都表示"有病"之意.如: He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都對.但作定語時(shí)則只能用sick.?since ? 查看更多

 

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根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容.回答下列問題。

More and more young people from China begin to celebrate ( 慶祝 ) Father' s Day. They send fathers presents, or invite them for a nice dinner. But do you know how Father’s Day started?

      While Mrs Dodd, from America, was listening to a talk about Mother' s Day in a church in 1909, she had an idea of having Father's Day to honor(紀(jì)念) her father, William Smart. Mr Smart used to be a soldier. His wife died when she gave birth to her sixth child. Mr Smart had to raise his six children alone. They lived a hard life. After Mrs Dodd grew up, she wanted to thank her father for what he had done for them. She wrote a letter to a church and asked for the third Sunday in June to be Father’ s Day. The church agreed with her.

     The first Father' s Day was celebrated on June 19th, 1910 in Washington. Children made special desserts, and did other things to make their fathers happy. In 1924, President(總統(tǒng)) Calvin Coolidge supported the idea of a national Father' s Day. People all over the country began to celebrate Father's Day. Finally, in 1966, President Lyndon Johnson made the third Sunday in June Father’s Day.

     This year, Father's Day was on June 17th. What did you do for your father?

1.What do the young people usually do to celebrate Father’ s Day in China?

                                                              

2.Was Mrs Dodd' s life hard when she was young?

                                                             

3.Why did Mrs Dodd warn to have Father' s Day?

                                                             

4.Did Mrs Dodd write a letter to a church or to the president?

                                                             

5.When was Father's Day celebrated for the first time in America?

                                                             

 

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根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容.回答下列問題。
More and more young people from China begin to celebrate ( 慶祝 ) Father’ s Day. They send fathers presents, or invite them for a nice dinner. But do you know how Father’s Day started?
While Mrs Dodd, from America, was listening to a talk about Mother’ s Day in a church in 1909, she had an idea of having Father’s Day to honor(紀(jì)念) her father, William Smart. Mr Smart used to be a soldier. His wife died when she gave birth to her sixth child. Mr Smart had to raise his six children alone. They lived a hard life. After Mrs Dodd grew up, she wanted to thank her father for what he had done for them. She wrote a letter to a church and asked for the third Sunday in June to be Father’ s Day. The church agreed with her.
The first Father’ s Day was celebrated on June 19th, 1910 in Washington. Children made special desserts, and did other things to make their fathers happy. In 1924, President(總統(tǒng)) Calvin Coolidge supported the idea of a national Father’ s Day. People all over the country began to celebrate Father’s Day. Finally, in 1966, President Lyndon Johnson made the third Sunday in June Father’s Day.
This year, Father’s Day was on June 17th. What did you do for your father?
【小題1】What do the young people usually do to celebrate Father’ s Day in China?
                                                             
【小題2】Was Mrs Dodd’ s life hard when she was young?
                                                             
【小題3】Why did Mrs Dodd warn to have Father’ s Day?
                                                             
【小題4】Did Mrs Dodd write a letter to a church or to the president?
                                                             
【小題5】When was Father’s Day celebrated for the first time in America?
                                                             

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在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一詞,詞首字母已給。Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of America, was born in a poor family. A 【小題1】 a little kid, he did a lot of housework every day. And sometimes he had to h【小題2】 his parents on the farm. But when he was free, he enjoyed reading books very much.
One day, he b【小題3】 a book from his neighbor. He loved the book so much that he kept reading it until 12 o’clock at night. When he went to sleep, he put the book in the gap (裂縫) of the wall. It rained heavily that night. When little Lincoln woke up the next morning, he found that the book was all w 【小題4】.
Lincoln carried the book to the owner. He felt very s 【小題5】and nervous. “What’s wrong with my book? It can’t be read a【小題6】!” the neighbor said. He asked Lincoln to pay for a new book. Little Lincoln had no money, and he didn’t want to ask his parents for money to pay his neighbor. “Let me work for you to pay for a new book, please!” Lincoln asked. He cut grass in the neighbor’s garden for three days to pay for the book.
It doesn’t matter if you make a m 【小題7】, but you should be responsible (負(fù)責(zé)的) for it.

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閱讀下面材料,從所給的五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇正確的選項(xiàng)填空,使短文通順、內(nèi)容完整。
When America was young, the city of Washington, D.C. had been built.   1  .Trees were cut down and the Great Capitol(美國國會大廈) was built. A house was built. The President of the United States would live in this house.   2 
At that time there was a park near the President’s house.   3    Today in that same park there are no horses or cows, sheep or pigs.     4 
This is a city of many monuments(紀(jì)念碑). The highest of all is the George Washington Monument. This monument helps all of us remember George Washington, the first President of the United States. Inside the monument is an elevator. People from all over the country ride in the elevator to the top. Inside the monument are many steps.  5 .
When they get to the top, they see the United States Capitol building with its white dome(圓頂) and many monuments. They look over this beautiful city, Washington, D.C.—the capital of the United States.
A. People may climb these steps to the tops.
B. And people let their horses and cows, sheep and pigs eat grass in the park.
C. It is now called the White House.
D. It was built in a forest, near two beautiful rivers.
E. It is a beautiful park for all people to see.
F. It’s near the river.

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在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一詞,詞首字母已給。Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of America, was born in a poor family. A 【小題1】 a little kid, he did a lot of housework every day. And sometimes he had to h【小題2】 his parents on the farm. But when he was free, he enjoyed reading books very much.
One day, he b【小題3】 a book from his neighbor. He loved the book so much that he kept reading it until 12 o’clock at night. When he went to sleep, he put the book in the gap (裂縫) of the wall. It rained heavily that night. When little Lincoln woke up the next morning, he found that the book was all w 【小題4】.
Lincoln carried the book to the owner. He felt very s 【小題5】and nervous. “What’s wrong with my book? It can’t be read a【小題6】!” the neighbor said. He asked Lincoln to pay for a new book. Little Lincoln had no money, and he didn’t want to ask his parents for money to pay his neighbor. “Let me work for you to pay for a new book, please!” Lincoln asked. He cut grass in the neighbor’s garden for three days to pay for the book.
It doesn’t matter if you make a m 【小題7】, but you should be responsible (負(fù)責(zé)的) for it.

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