Us, night's meteor (流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild. Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.

"My family was so frustrated." admitted town resident Daune Cosby.” We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”

Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decade, They say that light pollution prevents from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.

There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consist of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(遷徙的) birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

Countless more animal casualties(傷亡) result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful to humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.

Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years. Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.

41. It happened last night that ______.

A. the city's lights affected the meteor watching

B. the meteors flew past before being noticed

C. the city light show attracted many people

D. the meteor watching ended up a social outing

42. What do the astronomers complain about?

A. Meteor showers occur less often than before.

B. Their observation equipment is in poor repair.

C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.

D. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting

43. What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?

A. Birds may take other migration paths.

B. Animals' living habits may change suddenly.

C. Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.

D. Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.

44. Lighting regulations in Flagstaff. Arizona are put into effect to

A. lessen the chance of getting cancer

B. create an ideal observation condition

C. ensure citizens a good sleep at night

D. enable all creatures to live in harmony

45. What message does the author most want to give us?

A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.

B. Great efforts should be made to save energy.

C. Human activities should be environmentally friendly.

D. New equipment should be introduced for space study.

A．Importance of Transport in Trade

B．Birth of Transport-related Industries and Trade

C．Role of Transport in Trade Development

D．Another Means to Develop Trade

E．Higher Living Standard

F．Modern Life Needs Modern Traffics

1．

Transport is one of the aids to trade．By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value．The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade．When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale．

2．

The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade．Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance．Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe．Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes．Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes．Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance．

3．

Transport also prevents waste．Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns．Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally．Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year．Transport has raised the standard of living．

4．

By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before．Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another．The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried．Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living．

5．

Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information．Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world．In this way, advanced communication system also help to develop trade．

   Global warming is when the earth heats up, the temperature rises. It happens when greenhouse gases ---carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide(二氧化氮), and methane(沼氣) trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a very hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows, but it can’t get back out. Once the light is inside the car, it is trapped and the heat builds up, just like it does in the earth’s atmosphere. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth. The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can’t get out. As a result, the temperature rises.

   Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on. Without it, the earth would be freezing, or on the other hand it would be burning hot. We would not get the sun’s heat and light to make the night somewhat warm. During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(過濾) it, so people, plants, and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.

  Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it, if there gets to be too many gases, the earth can get unusually warmer, and many plants, animals, and people will die. They would die because there would be less food(plants like corn, wheat, and other vegetables and fruits). This would happen because the plants would not be able to take in the heat. This would cause us to have less food to eat, but it would also limit the food that animals have. Gradually, people, plants, and animals would all die of hunger.

   People are doing many things to try stop global warming. One thing people are doing is carpooling. Carpooling is driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. This minimizes the amount of greenhouse gases put into the air by a car. Another thing that people are doing is being more careful about leaving things turned on like the television, computer, and the lights. A lot of people are taking time away from the television, and instead, they are spending more time outdoors. This helps our planet out a lot. Now, more people are even riding buses, walking to school, and riding their bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air.

   Planting trees and recycling also help. If you recycle, less trash goes to the dump, and less trash gets burned. As a result, there are fewer greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. Although adults do many things to help stop global warming, kids can do just as much.

68. By the example given in paragraph 1, the author wants to _______.

A. say that there are greenhouse gases in every car

B. show his feeling in a car in hot summer

C. tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gases

D. explain how greenhouse gases work

69. What is the effect of atmosphere?

A. It only traps the heat of the sun.

B. It makes the earth neither too hot nor too cold.

C. It works the same way as greenhouse gases.

D. It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.

70. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A. Although greenhouse effect is necessary, too much of it causes us to die.

B. Human beings are likely to disappear from the earth.

C. Crops can’t take the heat if there is greenhouse effect.

D. If there is greenhouse effect, all the plants will die.

71. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A. Why cars and buses pollute the air a lot.

B. What global warming is doing to the environment.

C. What kids can do to help stop global warming.

D. Who should be responsible for the environmental problems.

                                 

（E）

A．Importance of Transport in Trade

B．Birth of Transport-related Industries and Trade

C．Role of Transport in Trade Development

D．Another Means to Develop Trade

E．Higher Living Standard

F．Modern Life Needs Modern Traffics

80．

Transport is one of the aids to trade．By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value．The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade．When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale．

81．

The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade．Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance．Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe．Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes．Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes．Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance．

82．

Transport also prevents waste．Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns．Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally．Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year．Transport has raised the standard of living．

83．

By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before．Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another．The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried．Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living．

84．

Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information．Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world．In this way, advanced communication system also help to develop trade．