B:回答相同4.感謝和應(yīng)答 表示感謝 通;卮 Thank you very much. Not at all. Thanks a lot. That's OK. Many thanks. That's all right. Thanks for helping me. You're welcome. 查看更多

 

題目列表(包括答案和解析)

閱讀下面兩個材料并回答問題:
【材料一】2011年10月3日,諾貝爾獎委員會宣布,美國科學(xué)家布魯斯·巴特勒、盧森堡科學(xué)家朱爾斯·霍夫曼和加拿大科學(xué)家拉爾夫·斯坦曼獲得2011年諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)獎。在長期進化過程中人體具備兩種免疫機能:一是“固有免疫”,二是“獲得性免疫”。布魯斯·巴特勒、朱爾斯·霍夫曼的獲獎領(lǐng)域在前者;而拉爾夫·斯坦曼的工作主要在后者。
布魯斯·巴特勒、朱爾斯·霍夫曼發(fā)現(xiàn)了由“Toll”基因編碼的關(guān)鍵受體蛋白,該受體蛋白能識別病原微生物,并激活“固有免疫”,打開免疫反應(yīng)的第一步;拉爾夫·斯坦曼發(fā)現(xiàn)的樹突狀細胞在免疫應(yīng)答中作用,樹突狀細胞在體內(nèi)游弋,發(fā)現(xiàn)并攝取病原體的特異性抗原,并報告給T淋巴細胞,T細胞將調(diào)動其他免疫細胞發(fā)生級聯(lián)反應(yīng),最終消滅病原體。
(1)材料中所描述的“固有免疫”就是_____________________免疫,這種免疫對所有的病原體都有防御作用。(1分)
(2)下列有關(guān)“Toll”基因的敘述正確的是:_____________(單選)(1分)
A.Toll基因只存在于免疫細胞中
B.Toll基因編碼受體蛋白,體現(xiàn)基因?qū)π誀畹闹苯涌刂?br />C.Toll基因編碼的受體蛋白能識別病原微生物,體現(xiàn)了免疫細胞的特異性識別
D.效應(yīng)T細胞能與靶細胞密切接觸就是該受體功能體現(xiàn)
(3)下列有關(guān)樹突狀細胞的敘述正確的是:_____________________(不定項)
A.樹突狀細胞在免疫中發(fā)揮作用,說明神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)與免疫系統(tǒng)功能密切相關(guān)
B.在細胞免疫和體液免疫中樹突狀細胞所起的作用沒有明顯差別
C.樹突狀細胞能夠處理和呈遞病原體的抗原特異性
D.樹突狀細胞可觸發(fā)T細胞發(fā)生免疫反應(yīng)
E.樹突狀細胞可能是一種吞噬細胞
【材料二】(根據(jù)南方周末《喬布斯的錯誤與諾獎得主的試驗》整理)就在瑞典卡羅琳醫(yī)學(xué)院宣布本年度諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎的前3天,斯坦曼因胰腺癌不幸離世,他沒能親耳聽到自己獲獎的喜訊,令人惋惜。就在他離世死后的第6天“改變世界”的IT精英喬布斯也因胰腺癌英年早逝。
兩人所患的胰腺癌都是死亡率極高的惡性腫瘤。喬布斯患的是“胰腺內(nèi)分泌型腫瘤”,該病癥病情發(fā)展緩慢,能存活數(shù)年的患者不在少數(shù)。但這位著名的素食主義者曾一度拒絕手術(shù)治療,導(dǎo)致腫瘤細胞轉(zhuǎn)移,病情迅速惡化。
而斯坦曼所患的病癥為“胰腺外分泌型腫瘤”,該病患者的存活期往往只有數(shù)月。斯坦曼在2007年確診胰腺癌后,就積極嘗試基于樹突狀細胞的治療性疫苗(DC疫苗)。借助這種“細胞免疫療法”,他的生命從預(yù)期的數(shù)月延長至4年。
(4)喬布斯癌變的細胞可能是_____________細胞,該細胞的分泌物與_________________。系統(tǒng)消滅癌細胞的過程是_____________(填一種特異性免疫)發(fā)揮作用。
(5)斯坦曼所注射的DC疫苗是由其體內(nèi)的樹突狀細胞和腫瘤細胞中提取的一種短肽(即治療性疫苗),該短肽在免疫中作為_____________引起人體發(fā)生免疫反應(yīng)。除樹突狀細胞外,斯坦曼體能夠特異性識別這種短肽的細胞還有(至少寫出3種)______________________________________。
(6)有人認為DC疫苗對防治癌癥有一定的療效,原因是:通過免疫反應(yīng)斯坦曼體內(nèi)的免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生抗體,抗體與該短肽特異性結(jié)合,使短肽失效。你認為這個解釋對嗎,____________,請說出你的理由:_________________________。(共2分)
(7)斯坦曼生前嘗試注射過三種DC疫苗,卻還是未能逃出死神的魔掌,請從免疫學(xué)的角度分析導(dǎo)致他死亡的可能原因是:________________________________________。

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聽下面5個句子。每個句子后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C二個選項中選出與你所聽到的句子表
達的意思相同或相近的選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每個句子后,你將有5秒鐘的時間來回答有
關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每個句子讀兩遍。
(     )1. A. The guitar can't be Alice's.
           B. The guitar must be Alice's.
           C. The guitar might be Alice's.
(     )2. A. To be poor is more serious than to be dishonest.
           B. To be dishonest is as serious as to be poor.
           C. It is more of a problem to be dishonest than to be poor.
(     )3. A. I don't eat food that tastes terrible. 
           B. I eat not only good food but also bad food.
           C. I only eat expensive food.
(     )4. A. The survey shows us clearly that teenagers' hopes are similar.
           B. The survey shows us clearly that teenagers' hopes are different.
           C. The survey shows us clearly that teenagers' hopes are the same.
(     )5. A. Each of them spends several hour a week on the volunteer work.
           B. Each of them wastes several hours a week on the volunteer work.
           C. Each of them costs several hours a week to do the volunteer work.

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閱讀《甘露的秘密》,回答問題。(6分)
螞蟻和蚜蟲的關(guān)系簡直可以說是親密無間的,有時候,你會看到一群螞蟻背著蚜蟲川流不息地跑來跑去,那是螞蟻在給蚜蟲搬家。當(dāng)蚜蟲在一片植物上大肆蠶食,只剩下殘莖敗葉之后,螞蟻就把這群禍害轉(zhuǎn)移到另一處食物充足的地方去,使蚜蟲能夠飽食終日,好排泄出更多的蚜蜜來。在螞蟻搬家的時候,也不會丟下為它提供美餐的好朋友不管。確定了新居之后,小螞蟻就會把蚜蟲一個一個搬到附近的植物上去。螞蟻不僅是蚜蟲的“衛(wèi)士”,還是蚜蟲的“保姆”。冬天臨近了,雌蚜排出了一個個越冬卵。螞蟻很擔(dān)心這些卵會被凍壞,便不辭勞苦地把它一個個搬到外面晾曬,曬完后再搬回巢去。到了次年早春,蚜卵孵化了,這下又忙壞了小螞蟻,它又主動承擔(dān)了喂養(yǎng)小蚜蟲的任務(wù)。直到春暖花開,螞蟻又把小蚜蟲一個個搬出洞來,放到植物上,讓它去啃食鮮嫩的莖葉,以便自己從它的屁股后面撈取一點蚜蜜。(選自《中學(xué)生必讀文庫》)
【小題1】文中起過渡作用的句子是:(2分)
________________________________________________________________________
【小題2】螞蟻是蚜蟲的保姆,它作為保姆要為蚜蟲做哪幾件事?(3分)
________________________________________________________________________
【小題3】從全文看,撈取一詞體現(xiàn)了作者對螞蟻怎樣的態(tài)度?(1分)
________________________________________________________________________

The Guidance Department (教導(dǎo)處)at Berryville High School has a staff of eleven teachers. Most of their work is done with the students. But the staff sees a lot of parents, too.
“Parents meetings make clear monthly diagram(圖表).”says Mildred Freman, head of the Guidance. “This diagram stays much the same from year to year. The busy months are October, March and May. ”
September, the beginning of a new school year, starts rather slowly. Few parents come in. Most of these want to talk about the schedules. October brings many problems caused by some students. Some parents are called in. Others come by themselves. Things quiet down in November. December is a quiet month. “It’s the holiday. ”Ms Foreman says, “People want to come in, I know, but they decide to wait until after New Year’s Day.”
Report cards go home just before Christmas holidays. Bad marks bring parents in as school opens again. This happens again in March, another report card month. May is always the year’s busiest month. That’s when parents begin to think that their children may be asked to stay in the same grade again. They come in to see if anything can be done before things are decided in June.
【小題1】The teachers in the Guidance Department usually ______.
A.do most of their work for the students
B.a(chǎn)nswer all the questions from parents
C.help other teachers get along with students and parents  
D.only bring report cards to students and parents
【小題2】In December parents usually ______.
A.stay at home with their children for their holidays
B.wait for the teachers to bring report cards to their children
C.wouldn’t like to visit the teachers in the Guidance Department
D.let teachers have a good rest during their holidays
【小題3】Why do some parents come to school in March? Because ______.
A.they want to see their children’s teachers after Christmas holidays
B.they are called by the teachers of Guidance Department
C.bad marks have them do it
D.it’s the beginning of a new school year
【小題4】Which of the following is Right?
A.In June the school decides who will stay in the same grade again.
B.Almost all the parents come to meet Mildred Foreman every month.
C.April is also the second busiest month for the staff.
D.The parents help to do most of the work for the staff.

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書面表達。
     八年級四班的學(xué)生下周三在學(xué)校舉行一個慈善義演,請你幫助班長寫一個發(fā)言稿來介
紹此次活動的安排情況, 不少于80 個單詞。
      要點如下:
     1. 名稱為“Helping the Children in poor areas.”, 目的改善孩子們的生活,并得到免費的教育。    
     2. 地點在操場上,從上午8 :00 到10 :00
     3. 想要為希望工程募集錢,希望募集錢幫助孩子們返校園,票價每人10 元。
     4. 許多同學(xué)已志愿為義演做些工作,向幫助我們組織這次演出的學(xué)生和老師表示感謝!
     5. 希望大家來參加。
     _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

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聽下面9 段對話。每段對話后面有一個小題,從題后所給的A、B、C 三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10 秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
 (     ) 1. A. By making flash cards                               B. By listening to the tape and speaking often.
             C. By joining the English club.
(     ) 2. A. At 8:05 
(     ) 3. A. 11:20      
(     ) 4. A. 80 yuan 
B. By plane        
B. 11:40     
B. 150 yuan
C. By subway   
C. 12:00                    
C. 75 yuan   
 (     ) 5. A. He'll go to visit Expo Garden                      B. He has been to Shanghai Expo Garden.
             C. He is in Shanghai.
(     ) 6. A. Animals                          
(     ) 7. A. A policeman                   
(     ) 8. A. Breakfast                     
(     ) 9. A. Chemical    
B. Farming machines             
B. A soldier             
B. Lunch              
B. Litter           
C. Many kinds of animals          
C. Save people in the earthquake          
C. Supper                         
C. Chemical and litter          

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