31．A．a(chǎn)rt B．culture C．history D．people 【查看更多】

 

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　　Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”－physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used－that a culture produce．Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and the way of life．Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture．The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments．We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we depend on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote(faraway in time)past and their development．Here we have two kinds of evidence：instruments well-kept and instruments pictured in art．Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern effect to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra．

　　Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture．Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows each other’s influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America．Printed versions limit variety because they are likely to standardize any song, yet they encourage and force people to make new and different songs．Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole．

　　One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out：the effect of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and video cassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments．This is all part of the “information revolution”, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth．These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the world．

(1)

Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________．

[　　]

A．

it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B．

it can express the development of the nation

C．

it helps understand the nation’s past and present

D．

it can present the nation’s civilization(文明)

(2)

It can be learned from this passage that ________．

[　　]

A．

the existence of the symphony was regarded　as a thing caused by the spread of Near　Eastern and Chinese music

B．

Near Eastern music had an effect on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra

C．

the development of the symphony shows the effect of Eastern and Western music between each other

D．

the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra was developed on the basis of Near Eastern music

(3)

According to the author, music notation(樂譜)is important because ________．

[　　]

A．

it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it

B．

it is likely to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians

C．

it is the printed version of standardized folk music

D．

it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs

(4)

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．

Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers．

B．

Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded．

C．

Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets．

D．

The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material world．

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If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles（蠟燭）. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

In the past twenty years, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes(孔子學(xué)院) in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲學(xué)). Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing(比賽)to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.

So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.

Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the west, even if his birthday is.

1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to______.

A．provide some key facts about Confucius

B．a(chǎn)ttract the readers’ interest in the topic

C．show great respect for the ancient thinker

D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

2.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______.

A．have a great interest in studying Chinese

B．take an active part in Chinese competitions

C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams

D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese

3.What is the best title for the passage?

A．Forgotten Wisdom in America

B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

C． Old Thinker with a Big Future

D．Chinese Culture for Westerners

4.The passage is likely to appear in a _______.

A．leaflet                                B．history paper

C．newspaper                            D．philosophy textbook

 

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A．Lack of stone images also reflects religious belief．

　　　 B．Art is a good means to know about people’s faith．

　　　 C．Artists express their feelings and opinions in their works．

　　　 D．People know more about our culture through learning art history．

　　　 E．Art is by all means relevant to history．

　　　 F．Art history provides information of different places and people．

61．____________________________

A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than it is possible to learn in general history classes．Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war．But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology．

62．____________________________

In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors---or of people very different from our own---can be provided by art．In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than what can be found in most history books．

63．____________________________

In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed．Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions．The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist．In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people．Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war．Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros---as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martins---depicted（描述）these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems．

64．____________________________

In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs．For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed．Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible．Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical（圣經(jīng)的）stories in the pictures on church walls．

65．____________________________

By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was （and still is） its absence of human and animal images．This shows the Islamic belief that statues are unholy．Something else can be more religiously symbolic in history．

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If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.  More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. 

So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.

Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

1. The opening paragraph is mainly intended to _________.

A．provide some key facts about Confucius

B．a(chǎn)ttract the readers’ interest in the subject

C．show great respect for the ancient thinker

D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

2.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students_________.

A．fight for a chance to learn Chinese

B．try to get high scores in Chinese exams

C．have a great interest in studying Chinese

D．take an active part in Chinese competitions

3. What is the best title for the passage?

A．Forgotten Wisdom in America

B．Old Thinker with a Big Future

C．Chinese Culture for Westerners

D．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

4. The passage is likely to appear in _________.

A．a(chǎn) biography                            B．a(chǎn) history paper

C．a(chǎn) newspaper                           D．a(chǎn) philosophy textbook

 

查看答案和解析>>

If Confucius(孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲學(xué)). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. 

So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.

Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ______.

A．provide some key facts about Confucius

B．a(chǎn)ttract the readers’ interest in the subject

C．show great respect for the ancient thinker

D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

2.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______.

A．have a great interest in studying Chinese

B．take an active part in Chinese competitions

C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams

D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese

3.What is the best title for the passage?

A．Forgotten Wisdom in America

B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

C．Chinese Culture for Westerners

D．Old Thinker with a Big Future

4.The passage is likely to appear in _______.

A．a(chǎn) biography

B．a(chǎn) history paper

C．a(chǎn) newspaper

D．a(chǎn) philosophy textbook

 

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