高考英語熱點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)命題分析

 

英語一共有16種時(shí)態(tài),中學(xué)階段比較常用的有10種,但高考英語對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的考查主要涉及四種,它們是一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)。去年全國18套高考英語試卷共涉及時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)21道題,但其中有19題考的是上面提到的四種時(shí)態(tài),約占整個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)的90%。由此可見這四種時(shí)態(tài)不僅重要,而且很“熱”。

一、一般過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)的命題特點(diǎn)

1. 利用插入成分考查一般過去時(shí)的用法

As the years passed, many occasions―birthdays, awards, graduations ― ______ with Dad’s flowers. (湖南卷)

A. are marked B. were marked          C. have marked      D. had marked

【解析】B。由于句中增加了插入成分birthdays, awards, graduations,使得句子的主語與謂語were marked分離,從而增加了考生對(duì)句子理解的難度。根據(jù)句意,空格處應(yīng)填被動(dòng)語態(tài);再根據(jù)句中的passed的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)可知,空格處也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故選B。

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2. 利用標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語考查一般過去時(shí)的用法

I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ______ there several years ago. (全國I)

A. are going   B. had been   C. went                   D. have been

【解析】C。根據(jù)句末的過去時(shí)間狀語several years ago可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。

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3. 利用語境背景考查一般過去時(shí)的用法

(1)When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where ______? (重慶卷)

A. did you go        B. have you gone         C. were you   D. had you been

【解析】C。句子的前半部分說上午打電話時(shí)沒有人接電話,而后半部分問對(duì)方當(dāng)時(shí)在什么地方,顯然,句子前后兩部分的時(shí)間應(yīng)一致,即用一般過去時(shí)。

(2)―Ouch! You hurt me!

―I am sorry. But I ______ any harm. I ______ to drive a rat out. (江西卷)

A. didn’t mean; tried     B. don’t mean; am trying

C. haven’t meant; tried                             D. didn’t mean; was trying

【解析】D。第一空填一般過去時(shí),指對(duì)前面發(fā)生的情況作出解釋;第二空填過去進(jìn)行時(shí),指過去正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。答語的意思是:對(duì)不起。但我不是有意要弄傷你,我是在把一只老鼠趕出去。

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4. 利用主句過去時(shí)謂語考查從句過去時(shí)的用法

(1)The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. (全國I)

A. sold   B. had been sold          C. were sold     D. would sell

【解析】C。根據(jù)前面的過去式謂語were可知,后面也要用一般過去時(shí);再根據(jù)“花”與“賣”的關(guān)系可知,此處要用被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選C。

(2)The play had already been on for quite some time when we ______ at the New Theatre. (浙江卷)

A. have arrived     B. arrived    C. had arrived    D. arrive

【解析】B。由于句中的had already been用的是過去完成時(shí),而根據(jù)句意,arrive顯然應(yīng)發(fā)生在其后,故要用一般過去時(shí)。全句意為:當(dāng)我們到達(dá)新劇院時(shí),戲已經(jīng)演了好一會(huì)兒了

綜觀所有的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考題,它們無一例外地有個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),就是考查在特定語境背景下某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的情形。請(qǐng)看實(shí)例:

(1)―It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.

―Oh, don’t mention it. I ______ past your house anyway. (北京卷)

A. was coming     B. will come C. had come       D. have come

【解析】A。根據(jù)前面一句中的was可知,搭車的事發(fā)生在過去,所以“我開車要經(jīng)過你的家門口”也發(fā)生在過去,因此可排除B和D。而在剩下的A和C中,不能選C,是因?yàn)镃為過去完成時(shí),表示“過去的過去”,與句意不符。

(2)―I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.

―Impossible. She ______ TV with me in my home then. (福建卷)

A. watched    B. had watched   C. would watch                D. was watching

【解析】D。表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。第二句的意思是:不可能。她當(dāng)時(shí)與我一起在我家看電視。

(3)―Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.

―Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home. (全國II)

A. have just thought    B. was just thinking

C. would just think     D. will just be thinking

【解析】B。指剛剛在想念老家的朋友,故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

(4)―Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

―No, sir. I ______ a newspaper. (四川卷)

A. read   B. was reading    C. would read     D. am reading

【解析】B。由于我剛才“正在看報(bào)”(was reading a newspaper),所以沒有看到有人經(jīng)過。根據(jù)語境,顯然只有B最佳

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三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的命題特點(diǎn)

1. 根據(jù)特定語境和時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的影響性用法

(1)― ______ you ______ him around the museum yet?

― Yes. We had a great time there. (江蘇卷)

A. Have; shown           B. Do; show            C. Had; shown             D. Did; show

【解析】A。根據(jù)問句中的yet可知,所談?wù)摰氖虑榘l(fā)生在最近的過去,且問話者很關(guān)心這個(gè)過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。注意:不要受答語中過去式謂語had的影響而誤選C。

(2)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet. (浙江卷)

A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided   C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided

【解析】A。根據(jù)句意,此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),不用主動(dòng)語態(tài);再根據(jù)句末的yet可知,最好用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選A最佳。

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2. 根據(jù)特定語境考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的持續(xù)性用法

(1)Danny ______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (福建卷)

A. works       B. is working      C. has worked    D. worked

【解析】C。表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間,要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

(2)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. (湖南卷)

A. studies      B. studied    C. is studying     D. has been studying

【解析】D。根據(jù)句中的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可排除B,再根據(jù)句中的for a year可知此題選現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)最佳,即選D。

注:有時(shí)高考還會(huì)考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。如:

(3)―I have got a headache.

―No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long. (江西卷)

A. work  B. are working     C. have been working       D. worked

【解析】C。由于在電腦前工作太久,所以導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在頭痛的結(jié)果,故空格處應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),即答案選C。

高考英語對(duì)過去完成時(shí)的考查百分之百是根據(jù)“過去的過去”這一語境來設(shè)題的。請(qǐng)看:

(1)They became friends again that day. Until then, they ______ to each other for nearly two years. (安徽卷)

A. didn’t speak            B. hadn’t spoken       C. haven’t spoken D. haven’t been speaking

【解析】B。由于他們?cè)俅纬蔀榕笥寻l(fā)生在過去(因?yàn)閎ecame用的是一般過去時(shí)),這就說明他們差不多有兩年沒說過話屬于“過去的過去”,所以要用過去完成時(shí)。

(2)I ______ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. (陜西卷)

A. would be  B. have been       C. had been D. will be

【解析】C。由于set to work with the scientist這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,而be there與set to work的先后關(guān)系是:be there在先,set to work在后。所以be there發(fā)生的時(shí)間屬于“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時(shí)

(3)―Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?

―Yes, he did. He ______ his old friends for a long time. (重慶卷)

A. didn’t see               B. wouldn’t see          C. hasn’t seen       D. hadn’t seen

【解析】D。由于見朋友發(fā)生在過去(即昨天),而很久沒有見到朋友自然是昨天的見面之前,即屬于過去的過去,故用過去完成時(shí)。

 

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