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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Whichever it is, many parents today readily admit to buying off their children, who get goodies(好東西) for anything from behaving in a restaurant to sleeping all night in their own beds.
That’s what worries parenting experts.
“I think that reward systems have a time and a place and work really well in certain situations,” says Marcy Safyer, director of the Adelphi University Institute for Parenting.
“But what often gets lost for people is being able to figure out how to communicate to their kids that doing the thing is rewarding enough,” Safyer says.
Parents and experts alike agree that the dynamic(動力) is partly a reflection of the world we live in. It’s unrealistic to think a parent wouldn’t reward their children with material things sometimes, says Robin Lanzi, a clinical psychologist and mother of four who’s the research director at the Center on Health and Education at Georgetown University.
“But you want to make sure that they match the behavior, so it’s not something huge for something small,” Lanzi says.
She recalls hearing about a father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system for scoring a couple goals in a soccer game.
Elizabeth Powell, a mother of two young daughters in Austin, Texas, knows what she means.
“You want to raise them in a way that they’re respectful and appreciate things,” Powell says of her children. “But sometimes, you wonder now if kids appreciate even a new pair of shoes. ”

  1. 1.

    Parenting experts are worried that ____ .

    1. A.
      today’s children are fed up with material things
    2. B.
      parents are rewarding their kids improperly
    3. C.
      today’s children are more and more demanding(苛求的)
    4. D.
      there is lack of communication between parents and children
  2. 2.

    What Safyer says suggests that ____ .

    1. A.
      reward systems are quite limited in developing abilities
    2. B.
      reward systems work well regardless of（不管） time and place
    3. C.
      reward systems are still not made full use of to develop abilities
    4. D.
      reward systems are often used at the wrong time and place
  3. 3.

    What can we learn from what Robin Lanzi says?

    1. A.
      She holds a different opinion from other parenting experts.
    2. B.
      She thinks children can’t behave well without being rewarded.
    3. C.
      She holds a similar belief to Safyer and gives further explanation.
    4. D.
      She doesn’t believe in rewarding children for good behavior.
  4. 4.

    The father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system can be regarded as
    _____.

    1. A.
      over-rewarding his child
    2. B.
      giving his child proper reward
    3. C.
      respecting and appreciating his child
    4. D.
      giving something small for something huge

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

It’s not a particular brain region that makes someone smart or not smart. Nor is it the strength and speed of the connections throughout the brain or such features as total brain volume. Instead, new research shows, it’s the connections between very specific areas of the brain that determine intelligence.
“General intelligence actually relies on a specific network inside the brain, and this is the connections between the gray matter, or cell bodies, and the white matter, or connecting fibers between neurons(神經(jīng)元)，”said Jan Glascher, lead author of a paper appearing in this week’s issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The results weren’t entirely unexpected, said Keith Young, vice chairman at Texas A﹠M Health Science Center College of Medicine in Temple, but “it proves that good communication between various parts of brain are very important for this general intelligence.”
“People noticed a long time ago that, in general, people who are good test-takers did well in a lot of different subjects,”explained Young. “If you’re good in mathematics, you’re also usually good in English. Researchers came up with this idea that this represented a kind of overall intelligence.”
Hoping to learn more, some experts located 241 patients who had some sort of their lesions (損害). They then diagrammed the location of their lesions and had them take IQ testes. “We took patients who had parts of their brain damaged, tested them on intelligence to see where they were good and where they were bad, then we connected those scores across all the patients with the location of the brain lesions,”Glascher explained. “That way, you can know the areas that are associated with reduced performance on these tests, which means these areas are really important for general intelligence.”
“These studies suggest results based on the absence of brain tissue (組織),”added Paul Sanberg, famous professor and director of the University of South Florida Center. “It allows them to systemize and find areas important to intellingence.”

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      General Intelligence Depend on Brain Volume
    2. B.
      Scientists Explain Mysteries of Intelligence
    3. C.
      Science Research Done on Human Brain
    4. D.
      Brain Lesions Cause Patients Stupid
  2. 2.

    According to Keith Young, we can infer that_____________.

    1. A.
      the parts of brain are working smooth on their own
    2. B.
      a person good at maths has obstacles learning languages
    3. C.
      overall intelligence will make a person successful
    4. D.
      Jan Glascher’s article really shocks the world
  3. 3.

    Why did experts locate 241 patients with some sort of brain lesions?

    1. A.
      To diagram the location of their lesions.
    2. B.
      To take IQ tests to the patients.
    3. C.
      To know more about the secrets of intelligence.
    4. D.
      To take better care of the patients.
  4. 4.

    From the diagram, the experts concluded that_____________.

    1. A.
      the absence of brain tissue will influence intelligence
    2. B.
      the brain lesions can improve the performance
    3. C.
      patients with brain lesions will get a high score
    4. D.
      Some areas totally determine the ability of intelligence

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Athens Olympic 110m hurdle champion Liu Xiang felt so relieved to return to racetrack after getting out of the great number of social activities.
Liu arrived in hometown Shanghai Wednesday night and was about to resume① training shortly after.
“I am so exhausted② from so many social activities, which made me even more tired than training,” said the 21-year-old Liu, who wrote a new chapter in China’s Olympic history by winning the country’s first ever athletics short-distance running title in the men’s 110m hurdles in Athens in August.
“I am happy that I will resume my training soon back in Shanghai,” said the Shanghai native. He turned into an instant national hero with the Olympic glory③ and one of the most popular Olympic gold medalists, taking part in scores of celebration activities since he returned to China early September.
“My regular training has been interrupted for such a long time that I think I can only run at about 13.5 seconds now,” said Liu, who clocked a world record-tying time of 12.91 to clinch the title.
“I would rather forget what I have achieved in the past and try my best to realize a higher goal,” he said.
Liu already missed the Berlin Golden League Series on Sunday and won’t be able to catch the IAAF Grand Prix final slated for September 18-19 in Monaco.
He plans on attending an IAAF all-star tournament in Japan at the end of this month.

  1. 1.

    This passage mainly talks about ________.

    1. A.
      victory of Liu Xiang
    2. B.
      Liu Xiang’s resumption to the racetrack
    3. C.
      dream of Liu Xiang
    4. D.
      Liu Xiang’s high aim
  2. 2.

    From the passage we can see ________.

    1. A.
      Liu Xiang is content to go back to training
    2. B.
      Liu Xiang will win Golden League Series on Sunday
    3. C.
      Liu Xiang wasn’t good at social activities
    4. D.
      Liu Xiang was refreshed after so many social activities
  3. 3.

    The underlined word “relieved” means ________.

    1. A.
      sad
    2. B.
      glad
    3. C.
      worried
    4. D.
      disappointed
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is NOT wrong?

    1. A.
      Liu Xiang has had a quiet life for as long as half a month.
    2. B.
      Liu Xiang has missed two races because of his social activities.
    3. C.
      Liu Xiang has made up his mind to stop his social activities.
    4. D.
      Liu Xiang has deserted his present career.

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's because we have mirror neurons (神經(jīng)元）in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further： mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions y they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to ( for example ："The hand took hold of the ball" ) , the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much researeh suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互動）.Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物）for ncurosciencc of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does--well，perhaps you'll understand why.

  1. 1.

    Mirror neurons can explain         .

    1. A.
      why we cry when we are hurt
    2. B.
      why we cough when we suffer from a cold
    3. C.
      why we smile when we see someone else smile
    4. D.
      why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
  2. 2.

    The underlined word "triggered" in the third paragraph probably means “  ”

    1. A.
      set off
    2. B.
      cut off
    3. C.
      built up
    4. D.
      broken up
  3. 3.

    We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons  .

    1. A.
      relate to human behavior and interaction
    2. B.
      control human physical actions and feelings
    3. C.
      result in bad behavior and social disorders
    4. D.
      determine our knowledge and language abilities
  4. 4.

    What is the passage mainly about?

    1. A.
      Ways to find mirror neurons.
    2. B.
      Problems of mirror neurons.
    3. C.
      Existence of mirror neurons.
    4. D.
      Functions of mirror neurons.

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Holidays are really important. Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.
But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.
For working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this across the year. Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. For some ’ this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in sofeguaiding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays, much of this is missed.
While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council (委員會)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down lo four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. We believe this will give real “down time" for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.

  1. 1.

    The passage is probably written by   .

    1. A.
      an experienced teacher
    2. B.
      a working parent
    3. C.
      an inspired student
    4. D.
      a city council member
  2. 2.

    The underlined word "they" in the second paragraph refers to "  ’.

    1. A.
      environments
    2. B.
      holidays
    3. C.
      wages
    4. D.
      benefits
  3. 3.

    It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to.

    1. A.
      2 weeks
    2. B.
      4.5 weeks
    3. C.
      5 weeks
    4. D.
      6 weeks
  4. 4.

    The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students_____ .

    1. A.
      obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs
    2. B.
      get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school
    3. C.
      benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment
    4. D.
      have more school days to receive free school meals
  5. 5.

    It can be inferred from the passage that   _______.

    1. A.
      working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children
    2. B.
      the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out
    3. C.
      the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real "down time"
    4. D.
      some school staff will say “ No" to the plans for a shorter summer holiday

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers (夢游者). People have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, write music, walk through windows, and do murder in their sleep.
In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen searched for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.
At the University of Lowa, WWW.K**S*858$$U.COMa student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Lowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.
An American expert on sleep claims (聲稱) that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five years he has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. He says, “Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt whether I would get many takers (應征者).”
Sleepwalking, however, is a scientific reality. It is one of those strange things that sometimes look quite fantastic (怪誕的). Doctors say that sleepwalking is much more common than is generally supposed. Many sleepwalkers do not try to find help and their sleepwalking is never recorded.

  1. 1.

    Generally speaking, sleepwalkers are people who ________.

    1. A.
      climb on roofs
    2. B.
      walk through windows
    3. C.
      do fantastic things during their sleep
    4. D.
      walk in a half-awake state
  2. 2.

    It was reported that a boy ________.

    1. A.
      was found on a strange sofa, telling how he had got there
    2. B.
      slept in his own room but woke up in a strange room
    3. C.
      lost his way five hours after he left home
    4. D.
      was searched for by policemen when he lost his way
  3. 3.

    There was a college student who got into the habit of ________.

    1. A.
      getting up in the middle of the night and walking down to the river
    2. B.
      walking three-quarters of a mile every day
    3. C.
      swimming in the Lowa River before going to bed
    4. D.
      walking about before he went to bed
  4. 4.

    Why do people think sleepwalking is nothing but a fantastic thing which doesn’t have any explanation?

    1. A.
      It is so common that it needn’t be recorded.
    2. B.
      Scientists take no interest in it.
    3. C.
      Most sleepwalkers do not seek help for their problem.
    4. D.
      No records about it have been made.

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

There was a wonder-filled little girl who was hurt so badly that when she entered adult life, she thought she was so bad that others just couldn’t be nice to her.
But she had a lot of curiosity, which kept her going. She sought many wise people to help her understand why she was so bad that her mother hurt her and why she was unable to be better so that men wouldn’t hurt her.
She was on a journey that she thought was to help her be “better”. She carried a big bag with her everywhere she went. Inside it were all the hurts she had experienced. Because she was so eager to please those who offered their wisdom, she willingly agreed with what they said about forgiving. But she held that bag of hurts tightly.
After 50 years of carrying that bag around and showing it to all she met as if it were proof that she was a good person, she decided to open it up and just see what happened.
When she looked inside it was filled with bits of paper. At one time they had words on them, detailing the hurts. But time had faded (使褪色) the words and all that was left was some useless paper. She had been struggling to carry this bag that held nothing but the image of something that once was.
She saw the absurdity of carrying that bag around. It made her laugh. By letting go of the paper and having pity for those that hurt her, this little girl was able to become a woman with beautiful hair. The woman looked in the mirror and said, “I am lovable.”
Although it took many years, she was finally open to bringing love and respect into her life.

  1. 1.

    When she grew up, the little girl wondered         .

    1. A.
      where she should go
    2. B.
      why she couldn’t be loved
    3. C.
      how she could be a sweet girl
    4. D.
      why she was hurt so deeply
  2. 2.

    What advice did girl get from wise people?

    1. A.
      To please those who hurt her.
    2. B.
      To keep carrying the bag of hurts.
    3. C.
      To record the hurts she suffered.
    4. D.
      To forgive those who hurt her.
  3. 3.

    The woman laughed in the end because           .

    1. A.
      she had beautiful hair
    2. B.
      she became lovable
    3. C.
      she realized her silliness
    4. D.
      she became a wise woman
  4. 4.

    According to the passage, which of the following can be used to describe the woman?

    1. A.
      Curious.
    2. B.
      Kind-hearted.
    3. C.
      Easy-going.
    4. D.
      Devoted.
  5. 5.

    What lesson can we learn from the story?

    1. A.
      You will walk fast without carrying a load.
    2. B.
      You will get peace after forgiving others.
    3. C.
      You will become young if you forget your hurts.
    4. D.
      You will be loved after changing your image.

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Can you imagine being savagely attacked by a dog? What if the attack was so severe that your nose, lips and chin were completely destroyed? How would you feel about yourself? Would you be able to look at yourself in the mirror? And how do you think other people would treat you?
Isabelle Dinoire is someone who can answer all of these questions honestly and openly.
Last November Isabelle was attacked and mauled by her own dog. The attack was so severe that her lower face was damaged; it seemed, almost beyond repair. She was rushed to hospital and became the first person ever to have a face transplant.
With such severe injuries doctors offered Isabelle little hope that they would be able to repair the damage to her face using conventional surgery.
Shortly after being admitted, she came to the attention of Dr Bernard Devauchelle who, unlike other surgeons, believed there was an alternative: "We found ourselves saying, yes, it's clear this woman needs a transplant," he said.
Two days after the operation she saw her face in the mirror for the first time. She said "I was scared to look at myself, but when I did it was already marvelous and I couldn't believe it. I thought it would be blue and swollen but it was already beautiful."
Now, less than a year after her 15 hour operation, she’s trying to rebuild her life and there is no doubt how she feels about her new face: "I have been saved. Lots of people write saying that I need to go on, that it's wonderful. It's a miracle somehow."
Although there were ethical questions raised about their decision to carry out the procedure, the doctors who operated on Isabelle are quick to defend their decision.
One of them said "Was it possible for her to live without a face? It's easy to say we shouldn't have done the operation, but her life has changed, she goes shopping, goes on holiday, she lives again."

  1. 1.

    What would be the best title of the passage?

    1. A.
      The first face transplant
    2. B.
      A successful face operation
    3. C.
      The most severe damaged face
    4. D.
      The breakthrough of surgery
  2. 2.

    The writer uses the five questions at the beginning of the passage to ___________________.

    1. A.
      tell the story about Isabelle Dinoire
    2. B.
      show a severe face damage event
    3. C.
      draw the readers’ attention to the topic
    4. D.
      invite the readers to answer them
  3. 3.

    It can be concluded from Isabelle Dinoire’s remarks that___________________.

    1. A.
      she was too shocked to see herself in the mirror
    2. B.
      she was satisfied with the result of the operation
    3. C.
      she thought her damaged face couldn’t be repaired
    4. D.
      she looked more beautiful than before
  4. 4.

    According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

    1. A.
      It seemed that it was impossible to recover Isabelle’s face using face transplant
    2. B.
      After operation Isabelle thought she looked beautiful and rebuilt her life again
    3. C.
      Some doctors had no better idea to repair the damage to Isabelle’s face
    4. D.
      It was Dr Bernard Devauchelle who came up with the idea of face transplant

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Everyday rubbish could provide a valuable source of energy thanks to a clever new invention. Smelly methane（沼氣）gas expelled from landfill sites containing tones of rotting household waste could be used to produce a valuable energy resource. In Europe alone land fill tips produce 94 billion cubic meters of methane per year but currently only one percent of what could be a valuable source of energy is used, the rest is burnt off to prevent an explosive build up of gas.
Methane gas forms when organic matter breaks down and is drawn off from large rubbish tips by pipes sunk into the middle of the waste. Until now this process wasn’t possible on small sites because the pipe allowed oxygen to seep in and that stop the breakdown process.
Viktor Popov of the Wessex Institute of Technology has now developed a system to modify existing landfill sites by making them airtight while the methane is extracted from sunken wells. The site is covered by a special three-layered skin whose two outer layers are made of clay with a pressurized（加壓的）layer of carbon dioxide gas in the middle. As the methane is sucked out through a central well it is replaced by carbon dioxide from the middle layer rather than oxygen, allowing the breakdown process to continue.
Unfortunately there are no plans to use the power of methane even though Popov claims his invention could provide a valuable source of energy over the next 20 years.

  1. 1.

    The passage mainly introduces ______ to us.

    1. A.
      how to make methane
    2. B.
      a new way to make use of rubbish
    3. C.
      the valuable things in rubbish
    4. D.
      the amount of rubbish beig reused
  2. 2.

    From the passage we can see that _____.

    1. A.
      in Europe 94 billion cubic meters of methane is produced every year
    2. B.
      some of the waste will explode if it is not burnt off
    3. C.
      99% of the rubbish has been burnt off in Europe
    4. D.
      only a very small part of this kind of energy is used in Europe
  3. 3.

    In the passage the underlined word “that” refers to ______.

    1. A.
      methane gas
    2. B.
      the long pipe
    3. C.
      oxygen
    4. D.
      the rubbish
  4. 4.

    Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?

    1. A.
      Oxygen can cause the breakdown process to stop.
    2. B.
      When the methane is sucked out, oxygen will enter from the middle layer.
    3. C.
      Carbon dioxide doesn’t affect the breakdown process.
    4. D.
      The new invention has not been put into use.

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科目： 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The public commonly associates steroid use with big-time athletics. But the drugs may be even more of a menace to teenagers. The synthetic hormones can stunt a young person’s growth by prematurely closing the ends of the long bones in the skeleton. That means a 1.7 metre, 15-year-old high school student who uses steroids “might get bigger but won’t get any taller”, according to a US doctor.
Nearly seven percent of boys in the US try steroids before the end of high school, according to a 1988 study by professors Charles Yesalis and William Buckley, of Penn State University. The estimate comes from a poll of 3,400 seniors in 46 public and private schools across the US.
“Abusers of Steroids did it to improve their appearance and to excel at sports,” Professor Yesalis said. “Parents, teachers and coaches make boys believe that to be an ideal male you need to have these. Then they say: ‘you can’t play games to have fun; you play games to win.’”
“Such attitudes put many high school athletes at high risk of becoming abusers of steroids,” said Mike Gimbel, director of Baltimore County Office of substance Abuse. “For these athletes, the pressure to perform is incredible,” he said. “It was inevitable that it would seep down to high school level.”

  1. 1.

    The word “big-time” in Paragraph 1 most nearly means “________”.

    1. A.
      long time
    2. B.
      good time
    3. C.
      top rank
    4. D.
      modern
  2. 2.

    Why are steroids even more of a threat to teenagers?

    1. A.
      Because they make teenagers grow too tall.
    2. B.
      Because they make teenagers get too big.
    3. C.
      Because they prevent teenagers from getting taller and taller.
    4. D.
      Because they give teenagers too much pressure.
  3. 3.

    Which of the following statements is implied but not mentioned?

    1. A.
      School athletes have too much pressure.
    2. B.
      Steroids can help people have lots of muscles.
    3. C.
      The pressure chiefly comes from parents, teachers and coaches.
    4. D.
      Girls are not interested in steroids.
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is a good title for this passage?

    1. A.
      Drugs and Sports
    2. B.
      The Pressure to School Boys are Too Much
    3. C.
      School Boys are Interested in Drugs
    4. D.
      School Athletes Risk Damage from Drugs

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