In a new study, 186 four-year-old kids were given regular carrots and, on other lunch days, they were given the same vegetables renamed X-ray Vision Carrots. On the latter days, they ate nearly twice as many.

The study suggests the influence of these names might persist. Children continued to eat about 50 percent more carrots even on the days when they were no longer labeled as anything special.

The research, funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, was presented at the annual meeting of the School Nutrition Association in Washington, D.C..

“Cool names can make for cool foods,” said the lead author Brian Wansink of Cornell University. “Whether it be ‘power peas’ or ‘dinosaur broccoli trees’, giving a food a fun name makes kids think it will be more fun to eat. And it seems to keep working — even the next day,” Wansink said.

Similar results have been found with adults. A restaurant study showed that when the Seafood Filet was changed to Romantic Hawaii, sales increased 28 percent and taste rating increased by 12 percent. “Same food, but different expectations, and a different experience,” said Wansink, author of “Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think.”

The study was conducted in pre-schools, but the researchers believe the same naming tricks can work with children at home.

“I’ve been using this with my kids,” said researcher Collin Payne, “Whatever sparks(激發(fā)) their imagination seems to spark their appetite.”

65.   Those four-year-old kids ate ________ when the carrots were renamed X-ray Vision Carrots.

A. twice more carrots                         B. nearly double carrots

     C. about 50 percent more carrots          D. as many carrots as they used to

66. According to the passage, _______ make(s) kids think it will be more fun to eat.

     A. power peas                                    B. dinosaur broccoli trees     

C. fun names of food                          D. cool foods 

67. The restaurant study didn’t show that ________.

     A. sales increased 28 percent when the name Romantic Hawaii was taken

B. taste rating increased by 12 percent after the Seafood Filet was renamed

C. same food would let people have a different experience with different names

D. the researchers got similar results when they work with children at home

68. The purpose of the passage is to tell us ________.

     A. people prefer food with cool names

     B. how to name the food which kids eat

     C. how to help kids eat in a healthy way

     D. kids often imagine when they eat food

Today, among people everywhere, there is an increasing awareness and worry about the steady growth in the world’s population. A recent survey conducted by the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) reported that this growth will continue until the end of the next century. For developing countries alone, the annual average population growth is, at present, 4.6% compared to 2.0% for developed countries. At this rate, the world’s population will reach 10.2 billion by the turn of the 21st century. With the growth in population is the problem of food security… the guarantee of a steady supply of food. The unstoppable growth in population justifies the Malthusian Doctrine that population of a region will continue to grow unless checked, and this is of course alarming since it will inevitably lead to food shortages of considerable proportions.

Our forests are an abundant source of food and fuel, two items essential in sustaining life. Above 30% of the world’s land surface is covered by such forests. In Asia alone, more than two billion people depend heavily on forest products for their subsistence and survival. To maintain a reasonable balance between population growth and food supply, this natural source of life — sustaining food and fuel must be conserved and protected from its worst enemy — man himself. It is appalling (令人震驚的) to note that in many developing countries, which are themselves heavily hit by population-food imbalance, governments approve the cutting down of forests to meet their immediate needs for saleable timber, and also for agricultural land. Often the cutting down and burning of forests is conducted with total abandon owing to the absence of sound forestry techniques and management. At the rate tropical forests are now being cleared each year, the world’s tropical forests will be completely destroyed within the next 100 years.

In order to maintain food security for the world’s population, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has launched a campaign aimed at ensuring food supply, maximizing stability in the flow of this supply and ensuring access to it by all. Forestry, according to the FAO, plays a vital role in making it possible to fulfill all its three objectives. Its most important role is that of conserving soil and water. Trees provide natural protection against soil erosion (侵蝕) by absorbing the excess water brought by heavy rains.

The first paragraph tells us that ____.

A. the flow of food supply is the result of population increase.

B. the world population has reached the 10-billion mark.

C. the problem of population growth has caused considerable alarm in a few countries.

D. the problem of food supply goes hand-in-hand with population increase.

The Malthusian Doctrine presents ____ as far as world population is concerned.  

A. an optimistic view of the future                            B. a pessimistic outlook for the future

C. an encouraging picture                               D. an indifferent picture

In this context, “this natural source of life — sustaining food and fuel” (in Paragraph 2) refers to ____.

A. the flow of food supply                                B. forests

C. woodland products                                       D. man’s worst enemy

The three objectives of the FAO can be replaced by ____.

A. stopping population growth                        B. increasing food production

C. achieving food security                                D. ensuring maximum utilization of forests

Do dogs understand us?

Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.

A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee.

In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.

In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.

The correct object was chosen in seven out of ten tests, suggesting that the dog had worked

out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.

Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品種)known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.

It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!

45. From paragraph 2 we know that __        .

A. animals are as clever as human beings

B. chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills

C. dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees

D. dogs have similar learning abilities as 3-year-old children

46. Both experiments show that             .

A. Rico is smart enough to get all commands right

B. Rico can recognize different things including toys

C. Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics

D. Rico won't forget the names of objects once recognizing them

47. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.

B. The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie's mental abilities.

C. The border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects.

D. Rico is born to understand its owner's commands.

48. What does the writer want to tell us?

A. To train your dog.                  B. To talk to your dog.

C. To be careful with your dog.          D. To be friendly to your dog.

The kids at Shute Country Primary School in Devon are surprisingly quiet when it’s time to go home in the afternoon, instead of the usual shouting and running you can hear them asking each other, “ Are the lights all off?”, “Shall we check the taps in case they are dripping (滴水)?”, “How many paper towels did we use today?”

    But it’s not unusual here. The kids have declared a war on waste.

    “We’ve never made the children do anything,” explains Liz Templar, the school’s head teacher, “they came up with all ideas themselves. They’re doing this because they want to.”

       If you take a look around the school you won’t see anything thrown away unnecessarily. Everything is collected and reused, or sent to be recycled.

    Shute School started its green revolution two years ago. They looked carefully at every party of school life－from the teaching to the cleaning. They looked at the way stationery(文具) was used－especially photocopying, the way cleaning was carried out, and how food was used and wasted!

    Even parents were looked at: how many children came in each car? Did they use unleaded petrol? Could they bring more children in fewer cars?

    High on the list was the waste of paper. Next came unfriendly cleaning products. Paper towels were replaced with recycled paper. But the hardest thing for the kids was when they found out how much rubbish was created by the chocolate, crisps and other snacks(小吃) eaten at lunch time. Of their own accord(自愿地), the children gave them up. Now they bring apples and home-made snacks.

    The school has its own garden where they grow vegetables and flowers so that they can learn about the environment. They also use this area for their recycling store-large containers to collect aluminum, bottles, plate and fabric(織物).

    Even the school’s play area is made from recycled things.

    Since the children started, the school’s heating and lighting bills have fallen obviously and the number of rubbish bags has gone down from seven a week to two or three.

    Everywhere in Shute School there are bright posters asking everyone to take their rubbish home, to save energy and paper and to keep the green flag flying.

53. Which of the following best describes the writer’s idea?

   A. The pupils at Shute School are fighting against pollution.

   B. The pupils at Shute School are learning to save things.

   C. The pupils at Shute School have declared a war on waste.

   D. The pupils at Shute School have found a way to recycle waste things.

54. We can infer from the text that “green revolution” means _______.

   A. beautifying schoolyard       B. activity against waste

   C. planting green plants   D. throwing away waste

55. What do the children think creates the most waste?

   A. Paper towels.  B. Cleaning products.    C. Snacks.     D. Paper.

56. We learn from the text that the children’s behavior ____________.

   A. has brought arguments       B. has saved the school’s cost

   C. was against by their parents D. was forced by their head teacher

When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure—and so soon—that another ant is dead.

One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I'm dead—take me away” when it is dead.

But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet”when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait I'm not dead yet”quickly goes away. When other ants detect the“dead”chemical without the“not dead yet”chemical, they move away the body.

To test his theory , Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the“Wait—I'm not dead yet”chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the“not dead yet”chemical overrides the“dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining“dead”chemical and remove the body from the nest.[

 Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.

57. What is the function of the first paragraph?

A. Leading the following paragraphs.

B. Showing the main idea of the passage.

C. Introducing the background of the passage.

D. Giving a summary of the passage.

58. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?

A.is weaker than        B. is stronger than    C. is better than    D. is worse than

59. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving.

B. When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical.

C. A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical.

D. Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other.

60. Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?

A. Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.

B. Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.

C. Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory.

D. Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own

I have found that the way I treat insects acts as a reflection of my approach to kindness.  Like most kids, I suppose, I mistreated bugs terribly. But many adults continue the rampage against insects, and I have often found that they do this mindlessly.

With the weather getting warmer, more bugs are getting into our houses.  We also spend more time in "their house," as we enjoy the great outdoors.  We find ourselves reaching for the fly swatter and insecticides（殺蟲劑）to get rid of them.  But why do we do this?  Most insects pose no threat to us, but we kill them anyway.

As a young adult, I found myself questioning my treatment of bugs.  It became a moral issue.  I remember reading a Native American story about a mother who saw her daughter stomp on a spider.  The mom simply asks the child: "Now who'll take care of that spider's children?  Who would take care of you if someone killed me?" It became a powerful lesson to the child.

All creatures have a purpose, and our world would be terribly out of balance without insects.  If we can treat them with kindness and respect, we can treat any creature that way.  The more I learned about the unique behaviors and purposes of insects, the more I appreciated their place in the world.  I have literally become someone who "wouldn't hurt a fly."

The more I have practiced, the better I've become at catching flies with my hand and escorting them back outside. I use a small glass with a thin piece of cardboard to catch spiders, ants, and bees, and release them where they'll be happier--outdoors. Sure it takes more work than just squishing them, but I feel more in harmony with nature by being kind to bugs. If we could model that for our kids, perhaps they'd grow up to be kinder adults and help make this a kinder world to live in.

49．According to the author, many adults kill bugs          .

       A．because they hate bugs    B．to stop bugs spread diseases

       C．just out of their cruelty    D．just for no special reason

50．The author mentions a Native American story in the third paragraph in order to     .

       A．tell readers the importance of protecting insects

       B．show its deep influence on the author

       C．a(chǎn)ppeal to readers to look after spiders’ children

       D．describe American mother’s kindness to insects

51．Suppose a bug appears in the author’s room, he will probably        .

       A．kill it without hesitation  B．catch it and free it outside

       C．drive it outside tenderly   D．let it be and not disturb it

52．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?

       A．Showing kindness to insects    B．My childhood and insects

       C．The significance of insets D．Some tips of treating insects

Jewelweeds are pretty flowers that grow in wet, shady spots all over the Northern Hemisphere. According to a recent experiment, they seem to know their own flower family —or at least, recognize whether or not they came from the same mother plant. Together with other through their leaves, but through their roots.

Scientists planted jewelweeds in pots with either siblings（兄弟姐妹）or strangers. Sibling plants were grown from seeds that came from the same mother plant. Stranger plants were grown from seeds from different plants.

When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food.

When jewelweed seedlings were planted with siblings, they few a few more branches than they normally would if they were alone—but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.

The plants only responded this way when they shared soil. If stranger seedlings were planted in different pots and placed next to each other, for example, they did not grow more leaves. This different shows that the plants must use their roots to detect sibling plants in the same soil. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach—where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the botanists observed that when sea rockets were planed with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea prickets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots, but not extra leaves.

The different types of plants may react in different ways, but they have one thing in common: the roots. In both experiments, on Jewelweeds and sea rockets, the key was the shared soil—and other plant species may turn out to show similar behavior. These experiments, as well as earlier experiments, suggest “The phenomenon is quite common.” Says Hans de Kroonof, an ecologist in the Netherlands.

57．In Paragraph 1, the author mentions a recent experiment of Jewelweeds to        .

       A．make a comparison  B．introduce a topic

       C．describe a pretty flower   D．put forward a new theory

58．What can we know from the experiments done by scientists?

       A．Jewelweeds can grow in the Northern Hemisphere.

       B．Jewelweeds can grow in wet, shady spots.

       C．Jewelweeds are more friendly to their siblings than to stranger plants.

       D．jewelweeds can recognize their siblings through leaves.

59．If jewelweeds and their siblings are planted in different pots and placed close to one another, they will        .

      A．start to grow more leaves       B．detect the strangers 

       C．compete with sibling plants     D．grow normally

60．The best title of the passage would be        .

       A．Flower family knows its roots

       B．The growing conditions of Jewelweeds

       C．Jewelweeds and sea rockets

       D．The stranger plant recognize each other

It' s 2035. You have a job, a family and you' re about 40 yews old I Welcome to your future life.

Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. "Turn red," you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (智能電子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you' re 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You' re not even middle-aged!

As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, "To lose weight, you shouldn' t eat that," from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code(電子源碼) on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. "Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?" A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies.

" Ready for your trip to space?" you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space — and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, "The doctor said you need these for space travel. " Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫針) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.

It' s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. " My office. Autopilot," you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.

53. What changes the color of your shirt?

A. The mirror.        B. The shirt itself.     C. The counter.      D The medicine.

54. How do the shoes know that you shouldn't eat the breakfast cereal?

A. By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.       B. By listening to the doctor' s advice.

C. By testing the food supplies in the kitchen;  D. By checking the nutrition details of the food.

55. The strawberries the children eat serve as ________

A. breakfast           B. lunch             C. vaccines        D. nutrition

56. How is the text organized?

A. In order of time.                         B. In order of frequency.

C. In order of preference.                    D. In order of importance.

The future of agriculture must achieve several goals at the same time.

First, it now appears that we will have to double world food production in the next 40 years due to population growth, increasing meat consumption and pressure from biofuels (生物燃料). We will also have to reduce the environmental impacts from our farming practices, which have caused widespread damage to soils, ecosystems, waters and even the atmosphere. In fact, agriculture’s impacts are as bad as climate change as an environmental concern. Besides, we will have to improve food security for the world’s poor. While the Green Revolution of the 1960s made it possible to feed hundreds of millions more people than in earlier eras, the number of the under-nourished in the world has started to rise again. Finally, we will have to increase the recovering ability of agriculture from shocks. Today, our high-efficiency, globalized world has many benefits, but it is vulnerable (易受傷的) to destruction, whether from droughts, diseases or sudden price rises. We must start building better food systems to better keep us away from future shocks.

Currently, there are two models of agriculture: local and organic agriculture vs. globalized and industrialized agriculture. Each has been strongly supported and severely criticized, but neither of these models, standing alone, can fully meet our needs.

Organic agriculture teaches us important lessons about soils, nutrition and pest management. Unfortunately, organic food provides less than 1% of the world’s calories, mostly to the wealthy. It is hard to imagine organic farming developing to feed 9 billion. Globalized and industrialized agriculture has benefits of high output and low labor demands. Without it, billions of people would have starved. However, it has come with enormous environmental and social costs, which cannot be sustained.

Rather than voting for just one solution, we need a third way to solve the crisis. Let’s take ideas from both sides, creating new, hybrid solutions that increase production, save resources and build a more sustainable agriculture.

There are many promising avenues to pursue. A new “third way” for agriculture is not only possible but also necessary. Our problems are huge, and they will require everyone at the table, working together toward solutions.

53. How many goals of agriculture are mentioned in the passage?

A. Three           B. Four            C. Five             D. Six

54. Which is true according to the passage?

A. Organic agriculture can feed most people in the world now.

B. Industrialized agriculture does no harm to our environment.

C. Modern farming is criticized while organic farming is not.

D. The future agriculture can’t only depend on organic agriculture.

55. We can learn from the passage that _______.

A. everyone can afford to enjoy organic food at will

B. we will vote to decide which farming system to take

C. the writer is quite optimistic about future agriculture

D. only experts can find a better agricultural solution

56. What’s the best title for the passage?

   A. Organic Agriculture Vs. Industrialized Agriculture.          

B. The Goals of Future Agriculture and Its Way Out.     

C. A Third Possible and Necessary Way for Agriculture.

D. Modern Globalized and Industrialized Agriculture. 

When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure—and so soon—that another ant is dead.

One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I'm dead—take me away” when it is dead.

But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet”when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait I'm not dead yet”quickly goes away. When other ants detect the“dead”chemical without the“not dead yet”chemical, they move away the body.

To test his theory , Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the“Wait—I'm not dead yet”chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the“not dead yet”chemical overrides the“dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining“dead”chemical and remove the body from the nest.

Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.

57. What is the function of the first paragraph?

A. Leading the following paragraphs.

B. Showing the main idea of the passage.

C. Introducing the background of the passage.

D. Giving a summary of the passage.

58. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?

A.is weaker than        B. is stronger than    C. is better than    D. is worse than

59. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving.

B. When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical.

C. A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical.

D. Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other.

60. Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?

A. Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.

B. Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.

C. Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory.

D. Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own