(07·湖北B篇)

How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?

In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that.

Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant, the desert cousin differs in many ways. Their bodies are smaller, to absorb less heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces. They are taller, to reach higher branches. They have shorter tusks （象牙）， and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.

Desert clephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families, They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders-they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Yong elephants may even eat the dung （糞便）of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.

During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine (尿液) to make them muddy!

As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.

65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means“     ”.

A.remains in the African countries

B.drinks 120 liters of water a day

C.manages to live in desert areas

D.eats 150 kilograms of food daily

66.Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they    .

A.tarely ruin trees

B.drink only every 3-4 days

C.search for food in large groups

D.protect food sources for their young

67.The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with    .

A.stories and explanation

B.facts and descriptions

C.examples and conclusion

D.evidence and argument

68.What can be inferred from the last sentence in the passage?

A.Overheating the earth can be stopped.

B.Not all animal species are so adaptable.

C.The planet will become hotter and hotter.

D.Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants.

 (07·浙江B篇)

People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics(失語(yǔ)癥患者). Such patients can be extremely good at something else. From the changing expressions on speakers’ faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths.

Doctors studying the human brain have given a number of examples of this amazing power of aphasics. Some have even compared this power to that of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs hidden in the baggage.

Recently, scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true. They studied a mixed group of people. Some were normal; others were aphasics. It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches — in most cases, the normal people were fooled by words, but the aphasics were not.

Some years ago, Dr. Oliver Sacks wrote in his book about his experiences with aphasics. He mentioned a particular case in a hospital. Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on TV. Since the president had been an actor earlier, making a good speech was no problem for him. He was trying to put his feelings into every word of his speech.

But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients. They didn’t seem to believe him. Instead, they burst into laughter. The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he was saying. He was lying!

Many doctors see aphasics as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to understand words. However, according to Dr. Sacks, they are more gifted than normal people. Normal people may get carried away by words. Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better, though they cannot understand words.

45. What is so surprsing about aphasics?

   A. They can fool other people.                B. They can find out the hidden drugs.

   C. They can understand language better.        D. They can tell whether people are lying.

46. How did the scientists study aphasics?

   A. By asking them to watch TV together.        B. By organizing them into acting groups.

   C. By comparing them with normal people.      D. By giving them chances to speak on TV.

47. What do we learn from this text?

   A. What ones says reflects how one feels.

   B. Aphasics have richer feelings than others.

   C. Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.

   D. People poor at one thing can be good at another.

 (07·浙江A篇)

If you were to walk up to Arthur Bonner and say, “ Hey, Butterfly Man,” his face would break into a smile. The title suits him. And he loves it.

Arthur Bonner works with the Palos Verdes blue butterfly(蝴蝶), once thought to have died out. Today the butterfly is coming back — thanks to him. But years ago if you’d told him this was what he’d be doing someday, he would have laughed, “ You’re crazy.” As a boy, he used to be “ a little tough guy on the streets”.  At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a man.

“ I knew it had hury my mom,” Bonner said after he got out of prison. “ So I told myself I would not put my mom through that pain again.”

One day he met Professor Mattoni, who was working to rebuild the habitat(棲息地) for an endangered butterfly called El Segundo blue.

“ I saw the sign ‘ Butterfly Habitat’ and asked, ‘ How can you have a habitat when the butterflies can just fly away?’” Bonner recalls. “ Dr. Mattoni laughed and handed me a magnifying glass(放大鏡) , ‘Look at the leaves.’ I could see all these caterpillars(蝴蝶的幼蟲) on the plant. Dr Mattoni explained, ‘ Without the plant, there are no butterflies.’”

Weeks later, Bonner received a call from Dr. Mattoni, who told him there was a butterfly needed help. That was how he met the Palos Verdes blue. Since then he’s been working for four years to help bring the butterfly back. He grows astragalus, the only plant the butterfly eats. He collects butterflies and brings them into a lab to lay eggs. Then he puts new butterflies into the habitat.

The butterfly’s population, once almost zero, is now up to 900. For their work, Bonner and Dr. Mattoni receiced lots of awards. But for Bonner, he earned something more: he turned his life around.

For six years now Bonner has kept his promise to stay out of prison. While he’s bringing back the Palos Verdes blue, the butterfly has helped bring him back, too.

41. When he was young, Arthur Bonner _______.

   A. broke the law and ended up in prison

   B. was fond of shooting and hurt his mom

   C. often laughed at people on the streeets

   D. often caught butterflies and took them home

42. Bonner came to know the Palos Verdes blue after he _______.

   A. found the butterfly had died out              

B. won many prizes from his professor

   C. met Dr. Mattoni, a professor of biology        

D. collected butterflies and put them into a lab

43. From the last sentence of the text, we learn that raising butterflies has _________.

   A. made Bonner famous                     B. changed Bonner’s life

   C. brought Bonner wealth                    D. enriched Bonner’s knowledge

44. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

   A. A Promise to Mom                       B. A Man Saved by Butterflies

   C. A Story of Butterflies                     D. A Job Offered by Dr. Mattoni

 (07·福建E篇)

Dogs wag(搖擺) their tails in different directions depending on whether they are excited and wanting to move forward or threatened and thinking of moving back, a study has found.

       Researchers in Italy  examined the tail wagging behaviour of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range of stimuli(刺激物) with video camems. To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part in the experiment at Bari Umversity. The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front to allow for them to view various stimuli. They were tested one at a time.

       The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners—a positive expenence—their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appears of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Research ers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.

71.The video cameras were used to catch the dogs’ responses because      .

A.it was easier to catch the dogs’response changes in the tail wagging

B.the dogs were put in the wooden boxes and tested one at a time.

C.they enabled the dogs’owners to know about their dogs’habit

D.the dogs wagged their tails in different directions when they were in different moods

72.The underlined word“intensity” in the passage means        .

A.surprise                   B.worry                       C.excitement                 D.interest

73.When there are no stimuli, a dog will         .

A.wag to the left                                             B.wag to the right

C.not wag at all                                               D.wag to the left and then to the right

74.The underlined word “they” refers to         .

A.the dogs                   B.the trainers                C.the systems               D.the rescarchers

75.The purpose of doing the experiment is         .

A.to train dogs for their owners                        B.to help people judge the mood of dogs

C.to help dogs find company                            D.to help people choose their pet dogs

 (07·福建C篇)

Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars(火星), and say they could be protecting life from the planet’s terrible environment.

The first caves discovered beyond the Earth appear as seven anysterious black dots on the pictures sent back by NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian suface.

“If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance you’d find it in caves,” said Jut Wynne,one of the reseachers who noticed the features while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.

Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting.

One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(紅外線成像器) showed one hole to be unusualy warm, suggesting hot air trapped during the day is flowing out.

“I said:‘Wow, that’s a cave’” Dr. Clarke said excitedly. “People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them.”

He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escaping from the bitterly cold,radiatiion-soaked(充滿輻射的), dry surface.

“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,” he said. “If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria. A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.”

The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lave flows(管狀巖漿流) spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining have to flow out, forming caves.

64.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.How the caves were formed on Mars.

B.How scientists found these caves on Mars.

C.Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign of life.

D.Scientiste have completely recognized the surface of Mars.

65.We can learn from the passage that           .

A.water has already been found on Mars

B.the scientists found all the caves at night

C.it is certain that there is life in these caves

D.the surface of Mars is bitterly cold, radiation-soaked and dry

66.According to the passage, Dr. Clarke was so excited because        .

A.such caves could provide energy for life

B.they had finally found the caves on Mars

C.such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life

D.scientists had long been looking for these caves

67.Necessary conditions for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include        .

A.lava and energy

B.water and radiation from space

C.gases and lava

D.water and protection from radiation

 (07·遼寧C篇)

Most rain forests lie close to the equator( where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine. The warmth of the land heats the air above, causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain. The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year. This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round, The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate. They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves. The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over the treetops like smoke. These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and nighttime cold of nearby deserts, keeping temperatures fit for plant growth

Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three months or morn when little rain falls. Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon (雨季) begins. Thus these areas are known as the “monsoon forest”.

Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains. It is often called the “cloud forest” because clouds often hang over the trees like fog.

The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees. Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds. When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals’ stomachs and arc passed out in their droppings. The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees.

64. The climate of the rain forests near the equator is______

A. mild, wet and windy

B. hot, rainy and foggy

C. hot, wet and cloudy

D. warm, wet and sunny

65. We can learn from the passage that_______

A. tree leaves are green all the lime in the monsoon forest

B. there is a dry season in the cloud forest on tropical mountains

C. clouds help the plants in the rain forest near the deserts to grow

D. the formation of climate in the rain forest has little to do with the trees

66. According to the passage,______ play with the most important role in the spreading seeds.

A. animals.            B. droppings         C. fruits              D. winds

67.This passage is most likely to be found in ______

A. a travel guide                            B. a story book

C. a technical report                         D. a geography book

 (07·遼寧A篇)

What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技術(shù)). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly fom accidents, murder and war. Today’s leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.

In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells(細(xì)胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond l20 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs ( The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on—in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.

It is exciting to imaging that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.

56. According to the passage, human death IS now mainly caused by____

A. diseases and aging                        B. accidents and war

C. accidents and aging                       D. heart disease and war

57. In the author’ s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in____

A. medicine                               B. the Internet

C. brain cells                              D. human organ

58. Humans may live longer in the future because_____

A. heart disease will be far away from us

B. human brains can decide the final death

C. the basic materials of cells will last forever

D. human organs can be repaired by new medicine

59. We can learn from the passage that ______

A. human life will not last more than 120 years in the future

B. humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now

C. much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life

D. we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells

 (07·重慶D篇)

The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth , is of great importance to African ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat(棲息地).

It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of

the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.

Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.

What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.

67. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Disappearance of African elephants.

B. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

C. The effect of African elephants' search for food.

D. The eating habit of African elephants.

68. What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

A. Fixing the time.                                       B. Worsening the state.

C. Improving the quality.                                 D. Deciding the conditions.

69. What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

A. They result from the destruction of rain forests.

B. They provide food mainly for African elephants.

C. They are home to many endangered animals.

D. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.

70. The passage is developed mainly by.

A. showing the effect and then explaining the causes

B. pointing out similarities and differences

C. describing the changes in space order

D. giving examples

 (07·江蘇D篇)

Thinking

68. Which part of your cerebrum is most active when you are making a telephone call?

   A. The frontal lobe.                                            B. The temporal lobe.

   C. The occipital lobe.                                         D. The parietal lobe.

69. Which of the following statements is true?

   A. One’s personality has something to do with the frontal lobe.

   B. Bright ideas come from the parietal lobe.

   C. The occipital and temporal lobes are at the back of the cerebrum.

   D. The occipital lobe is in charge of sound.

70. From the passage, we know the reason why around 10% of people are left-handed is that ________.

   A. their frontal lobe is usually dominant

   B. their temporal lobe is usually dominant

   C. their right brain is usually dominant

   D. their left brain is usually dominant

 (07·天津E篇)

When we think of leadership ,we often think of strength and power .But what are these really ,and how do they operate?

Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short-term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must ,but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term ,They will also experience fear.

Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best .If they associate you with this emotion of fear. They will become less functional around you ,and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot .but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively .Fear has no place in leadership.

The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion .We can order someone to do something ,which may be part of the work day; or we can employ them at the emotional level ,so they became fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation (積極性). Today’s work place is all about relationships

Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they are recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker.. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work .They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor (因素) in the work life of most people.

The true strength of leadership  is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence---knowing your own emotions , and how to handle them ,and those of others . Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.

52. An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when ________.

A. he is forced to do things

B. be cannot work at his best

C. he feels his brain shut down

D. he thinks of his work as too heavy

53. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. People tend to associate leadership with fear

B. Working conditions affect people’s physical health

C. Good relationship is the key to business success

D. Smart people are more functional in the work place.

54.   To positively influence employees a leader should first of all ________.

A. provide better suggestions               B. develop his own personality

C. five his employees a pay raise          D. hide his own emotion of fear

55.   Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to ________.

A .provide a variety of project for employees

B. help raise employee’s living standards

C. give employees specific instructions

D. deal wisely with employees’ emotions