She was educated at Beijing University,         she went on to have her advanced study abroad.

       A．a(chǎn)fter which                                    B．from which

       C．from that                                      D．a(chǎn)fter that

－You look very tired.          at all last night?

 －No, not really. I’m tired out now.

       A．Do you sleep                                  B．Were you sleeping

       C．Did you sleep                                 D．Had you slept

I used to earn        than a pound a week when I first started work.

       A．a(chǎn) little                                            B．a(chǎn) few

       C．fewer                                            D．less

Dear Ms. Smith.

I appreciate your help very well. On the first day of                    56.____________

camp, you came up to myself while I was sitting alone. After             57. ____________

that. You always gave me specially attention and inspired                    58. ____________

to me to join in activities. As a result, I gradually got to know             59. ____________

the other campers. Because the help you gave me that summer.          60. ____________

my life changed. I gained so much confidence that I go back              61. ____________

to school as new person. My grades improved. I became                   62. ____________

very active but made new friends. Today, I got a letter that                63. ____________

said I had been admitting to a college. I am proud of it. I just              64. ____________

want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.           65. ____________

Yours,

 Bob

Attitude is an internal(內(nèi)在的) state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual(個人). Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas: others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired(獲得) throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s able to complete some of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification(修正) of attitudes.

52．According to the passage, attitudes __________.

         A．come from different situations in one’s life

         B．a(chǎn)re largely affected by one’s behavior

         C．remain unchanged in one’s daily life

         D．could be chosen according to one’s will

53．The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show ______.

         A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

         B．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

         C．particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

         D．a(chǎn)n individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

54．Which of the following is TURE about the learning of attitudes?

         A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

         B．Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.

         C．Copying others’ behavior is not a good idea.

         D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s  parents.

55．What would be the best title for the passage?

         A．Differences of Attitudes.

         B．Nature of Attitude.

         C．Choices of Attitudes.

         D．Modification of Attitude.

Researchers are placing robotic dogs（機(jī)器狗）in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the physical activity, and life satisfaction. “No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated（刺激）,” Edwards points out. “The problem is how we promote（使……成為現(xiàn)實(shí)）that, especially for those without friends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution.”

In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.

“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady. “When I’m watching TV. he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”

The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it . A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.

“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry, ”Beck says. “But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.”

“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure. oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds. ”

48．The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to ______.

       A．understand human-animal relationship

       B．make lonely old people’s life better

       C．find the causes of old people’s loneliness

       D．promote the animal-assisted research

49．In the research, the old people are asked to ______.

       A．note the activities of AIBOs

       B．keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks

       C．record their feelings and activity

       D．a(chǎn)nalyze the collected information

50．What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?

         A．It is easier to keep at home.

         B．It can help the disabled people/

         C．It responds to all the human order.

         D．It can watch TV with its owner.

51．The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may ________.

         A．cure certain diseases

         B．keep old people active

         C．change people’s beliefs

         D．look more like real dogs

Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine.” Says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（劍）.Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”

“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait.” Says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance（支配地位）when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.

Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness ” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.

When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.

“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also fell less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”

43．Bossy children like Stephen Jackson ______.

       A．make good decisions

       B．show self-centeredness

       C．lack care from others

       D．Have little sense o fear

44．The underlined phrase “inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means ______.

       A．inborn nature

       B．developed character

       C．a(chǎn)ccepted theory

       D．particular environment

45．The study on bossy behavior implies that parents ______.

       A．should give more power to their children

       B．should be strict with their children

       C．should not be so anxious about their children

       D．should not set limits for their children

46．Bossy children may probably become ______.

       A．relaxed

       B．skillful

       C．hesitant

       D．lonely

47．What is the passage mainly about?

       A．How bossy behavior can be controlled.

       B．How we can get along with bossy children.

       C．What leads to children’s bossy behavior.

       D．What effect bossy behavior brings about.

At a few minutes past five. Dave noted that the blanker of darkness was lifting. He was just able to make out the heavier masses that eventually appeared as the familiar trees that lined the road at the base of the hill. The upper reaches of the sky showed lighter shades of gray.

Dave got out of bed quietly and dressed quickly. He mixed a spoonful of instant chocolate into a glass of cold water, and his impatience forced him to finish the drink in gulps.

As he walked down toward the lake. Dave paused to reach for the fishing pole and gear box on the bench where he had left them the night before.

By the time he reached the small boat, a thick white mist（霧氣）had spread over the surface of the water. He stepped into the boat, sat down, and rowed out of the weed beds that lined the edge of the shore.

The outer fringe（邊緣）of the lake disappeared as the boat moved forward noiselessly. All he could see was the enveloping whiteness. He could not tell where the boat and the surrounding air met the surface of the lake.

Dave rowed steadily ahead, relying on a mental picture of the surroundings. Then the mist began to rise, slowly. It soon rested inches above the still surface of the lake. The heavy silence was now being broken by the fish breaking through the surface as they leaped out of the water for low-flying insects.

The magic time had arrived. Dave raised his pole. Dawn was broken. He was excited with expectancy.

39．Dave got up early in the morning to ______.

       A．enjoy the scene of the lake

       B．seek adventure at the lake

       C．go fishing in the lake

       D．take a walk by the lake

40．According to the story, which of the following is TRUE?

       A．Dave broke the quietness of the lake.

       B．Dave was familiar with the surroundings.

       C．Dave took a picture of the lake with him.

       D．Dave forgot the fishing pole at the beginning.

41．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 6 refers to ______.

       A．fish

       B．boat

       C．silence

       D．mist

42．What can we learn from the end of the story?

       A．Dave was hopeful of catching a lot of fish.

       B．Dave wished the weather would be better.

       C．Dave was happy that dawn was broken.

       D．Dave expected someone else would come.

If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival（生存）. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.

Find a hiding place.

Unnecessary labor will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of the valleys－cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.

Signal rescuers for help.

The best time to signal rescuers is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible－it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will travel farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket（a special blanket for traveling）, build three smoky fires and put your blanket－gold side facing out－on the ground.

Do not walk away.

   It will make finding you more difficult, as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one in it.

If you get frostbite（凍傷）, do not rewarm the affected area until you’re out of danger.

    You can walk on frostbitten feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued.

36．When lost in the mountains, you can increase your chances of survival if you ______.

       A．take a space blanket with you

       B．do more physical labor

       C．try to find a car immediately

       D．walk as far as possible to find help

37．According to the passage, people most probably fail to survive if they ______.

       A．do not take enough equipment

       B．stay in the middle of the mountain

       C．do not keep themselves warm

       D．stay in a snow-covered area

38．What can we infer from the passage?

       A．Don’t travel by yourself.

       B．Mountain traveling is dangerous.

       C．Don’t get frightened in danger.

       D．Avoid going to unfamiliar place.

I work as a volunteer（志愿者）for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to   16   him.

Before setting out. I told Barrett this trip would be tiring and   17  . For the first two days, he said almost nothing. I worried the trip was too   18   for a 17-year-old. Then, on day three, as we were   19   over high rocky mountains, he turned to me and grinned（咧嘴笑）, “Pretty hard. ”

After that there was no turning back. A five-year-old girl, wearing a dress several sizes

  20   large and broken shoes, followed Barrett around, mesmerized（著迷）. He couldn’t stop

  21  . Later he said   22  . “I wish I could speak French.” I was   23   －this from a boy who hated and   24   French classes throughout school.

Usually silent, he   25   Gaby, our host, and kept asking questions about the country and its people. He blossomed（活潑起來）.

   26  , the moment that really took   27   breath away occurred in a village deep in the mountains. I was   28   a woman villager for an article. 135 centimeters tall, she was small in figure but strong in   29  . Through determination, she had learned to read and write, and   30   to become part of the leadership of the   31  .

Learning her story. Barrett was as   32   as I by this tiny woman’s achievements. His eyes were wet and there was a   33   of love and respect on his face. He had finally understood the importance of my work.

When leaving for home, Barrett even offered to stay   34   as a volunteer. My insides suddenly felt struck. This   35   achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18^th birthday. He’ll be a man.

16．A．comfort                B．please                  C．a(chǎn)ttract                 D．educate

17．A．rough                   B．dangerous            C．troublesome         D．violent

18．A．little                      B．much                  C．fast                     D．slow

19．A．moving                 B．running               C．climbing              D．looking

20．A．too                       B．very                    C．even                   D．so

21．A．joking                   B．crying                 C．shouting              D．smiling

22．A．patiently                B．regretfully            C．lightly                 D．cheerfully

23．A．a(chǎn)shamed               B．disappointed         C．determined          D．surprised

24．A．took up                B．went in for          C．fought against      D．called off

25．A．befriended             B．disregarded          C．a(chǎn)voided               D．recognized

26．A．Thus                    B．Even                   C．Meanwhile           D．However

27．A．my                      B．his                      C．our                     D．her

28．A．a(chǎn)sking                  B．interviewing         C．a(chǎn)rranging             D．describing

29．A．brain                    B．wish                   C．will                     D．health

30．A．a(chǎn)ppeared               B．struggled             C．hesitated              D．failed

31．A．village                   B．city                     C．organization         D．state

32．A．pleased                 B．bored                  C．puzzled               D．touched

33．A．combination          B．composition         C．connection          D．satisfaction

34．A．in                         B．behind                 C．out                     D．a(chǎn)way

35．A．interview               B．flight                   C．a(chǎn)rticle                 D．trip