When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are only some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知, 認知):

(1) Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education and personal experiences.

(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that a person's perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person, or you may focus(聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends and strangers.

(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory(矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore(忽視) the misdeed — “He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行竊).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information— “All kids are naughty. Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information — “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.” …

The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _______.

A. what we see and what we hear  B. cultural background and personal experiences

C. experiences one learns from others  D. critical measures taken by other people

While one observes a particular person, _______.

A. he is likely to take everything into consideration

B. he pays more attention to the person's advantages

C. children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D. his perception may be affected by other people's opinions

Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _______.

A. their measuring standards are not the same

B. either of them may be slow to catch information

C. the time for observation is not long enough

D. each of them uses different languages to express his / her impressions

The worst thing in selective perception is that ________.

A. perceived information runs against your desire

B. it contains some private feelings that may be wrong

C. importance of the contradictory information can be praised

D. the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

To get cash out in the 21st century, you won’t need a bank card, a PIN(個人識別編號) or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris(虹膜). For identification(識別) purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you’ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: “Would you like cash or a statement?” An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer.

What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. A new medical instrument      B. A new type of talking machine.

C. A new type of cash machine.    D. National Cash Register

What is this new machine called?

    A. Stella                      B. ATM                C. PIN                 D. NCR

When you want to get cash out in the 21st century, you will _______.

A. need a bank card                                   B. have to put in your PIN

    C. move your finger                           D. just look directly at the teller machine

The captain said an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.

                   A           B             C           D

At the car race, I saw a great many of people gathering at the gate.

        A                     B                C       D

I searched for my momory, but I wasn’t able to remember who he was.

             A                  B       C                   D

______ I saw Jane，she was picking cotton in the field.?

A. For the first time?

B. At the first time?

C. By the first time?

D. The first time?

In time of serious accidents, _______ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.

A. whether B. until

C. if D. unless

I must be getting fat—I can _______ do my trousers up.?

A. fairly B. hardly

C. nearly D. seldom?

A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

A. should B. can?

C. must D. will?

You _______ be tired—you’ve only been working for an hour.?

A. must not B. won’t?

C. can’t D. may not?