A ban on smoking in public places has come into force in China-home to a third of the world's smokers.
     The move is aimed at controlling the number of deaths from smoking-related diseases, running at a million
a year.
     But the rules have been criticized, because they do not include punishments for those who choose to ignore
them.
     Many business owners hate rules that force them to ban smoking on their premises (經(jīng)營場所) because
many customers do not like the rules and complain.
     The rules do not allow smoking in places like restaurants, hotels, railway stations or theatres, but not at the
office.
     Employers have a duty to warn staff off the dangers of smoking but do not have to forbid them from
lighting up at their desks.
     Shanghai introduced similar rules a year ago, but people do not seem to take much notice of them. Often
you find people smoking at the next table while you are eating your meal or having a drink in a bar. The
problem is that the rules do not include punishments for businesses or individuals who ignore them.
     It appears that many Chinese people are unaware of the dangers of smoking. Research suggests that only
one in four knows the harm cigarettes of second-hand smoke can cause.
     Officials say they have to try to persuade people not to smoke to reduce the numbers dying from
smoking-related diseases.
     At the same time the government makes a lot of money from the sales of cigarettes by the state-owned firm
that makes and sells all tobacco products throughout the country.

1. The number of smokers in China makes up about ______ of the world's smokers.

A. 66%
B. 44%
C. 33%
D. 55%

2. We can replace the underlined part in the passage with ______.

A. are concerned about
B. are curious about
C. don't know
D. don't care

3. Why have the rules been criticized by some people?

A. Because those people don't want to be punished.
B. Because they do not include punishments for those who choose to ignore the rules.
C. Because the rules are ignored by all the people who smoke.
D. Because nobody takes notice of the rules.

4. If the government wants to ban smoking in public places, ______.

A. only rely on educating people
B. take more effective measures
C. do punish those who ignore the rules
D. let people know more about the dangers of smoking

     It's you and I who are to blame for the state of the earth. No question about it. It's our life-style that is
threatening life on Earth, so we must make the changes. The good news is that many of those changes are
really quite simple, even enjoyable, but for every careful step we take as individuals, we must press
government and industry to take a big step on our benefit. And we must start now. Tomorrow's too late.
     My aim this year is to persuade as many of my friends and colleagues as possible to choose the train,
and leave their cars behind too. My gardens have been pesticide (殺蟲劑)-free zones for years and I enjoy
seeing more wildlife on my doorstep as a result; I've tried to reduce my contribution to water pollution too,
by using environment-friendly, phosphate (磷)-free washing powder, and by no longer thinking of the toilet
as a suitable waste-disposal (處理) point.
     I ran after a young lady through town recently to give her back the piece of paper she had carelessly
thrown away. She disappeared into a shop, and when I followed her inside and made my presentation, she
was doubly embarrassed-she worked there, and the boss gave her a ticking-off too. I've started asking
fellow drivers at gas stations why they aren't using unleaded (無鉛的) petrol. These are small things, but
we have to start somewhere, and every little does help.

1. To help the environment, the author is trying to do everything mentioned below EXCEPT _____.

A. taking the train instead of a car
B. throwing away the old cars
C. avoiding the use of pesticides
D. running after those who throw articles carelessly

2. The author ran after a woman through town because he wanted _____.

A. to find out where she worked
B. to give her back the piece of paper she had lost
C. to tell her not to throw away pieces of paper carelessly
D. to ask her to pay him for picking up the piece of paper.

3. The word "ticking-off" in the last paragraph probably means _____.

A. blaming
B. a piece of paper
C. prize
D. ticket

4. The purpose of this passage is to _____.

A. persuade his friends to take the train
B. inform us of the good news
C. make clear who is responsible for the environment
D. try to advise us all to protect our environment

     Cancer is feared by everyone. And there is more and more fear about cancer. Not the disease
itself -there is no such thing as a high incidence rates (發(fā)生率)of cancer . Except for lung cancer,
mostly caused by cigarette smoking ,the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds
of cancer are decreasing.   But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an
anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or
less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things
in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is
"cleaned up." This is not at all the meaning.
     The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer
in various societies around the world - for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and
the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and
the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America.
These data shows there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal
life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities - that is
all the data suggests. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly
the same everywhere.

1.  According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.

A. to be based on inactive life style
B. to be due to anxiety
C. to result from environmental influences
D. to be caused by heavy smoking

2. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer's opinion about the relationship  between
    cancer and environment is_____.

A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. approving

3. According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____.

A. cancer risk is on the rise
B. the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen
C. the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people think
D. cancer can be cured sooner or later

4. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?

A. Cancer and Environment
B. The Fear Caused by Cancers
C. Data on Cancer Incidence
D. Cancer and its Investigation

     Cut out part of a healthy person's liver and transplant it into a sick person--it sounds like a
complicated and dangerous operation , not to mention very expensive. But it is sometimes the
only possible cure for a seriously ill patient with liver disease.
     Until now British scientists have just announced a new stem cell technique, which allows them
to grow healthy liver cells outside human bodies. According to the researchers, it could be another
five to 10 years before the technique can actually be used to help patients with liver disease.
However, they say the method might one day replace liver transplants altogether. The study was
led by the University of Cambridge and the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, a British genomics
and genetics research institute. It was published in the journal nature on October 12,2011.
     The researchers took skin cells from a patient with a mutation (變異) in a gene called
alphal-antitrypsin (a-l抗胰蛋白酶). This gene makes a protein that protects our bodies against
inflammation (炎癥). People with changed or damaged alphal-antitrypsin are not able to release
the protein correctly from the liver, so the protein is trapped there and eventually leads to liver
cirrhosis (肝硬化).
     Scientists then used an advanced technique to cut away the faulty section of DNA from a stem
cell and replace it with a corrected one, according to the journal. The stem cells went on to produce
fresh and healthy liver cells with normal protein levels. Scientists put the new liver cells into mice
and found that they worked very well.
     Stem cells are the life source of all other cells in the body. They could transform medicine,
providing treatment for blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries. They could also be
used to produce new cells for damaged organs.
     David Lomas, a Cambridge biology professor who worked on the team, said: "If we can use a
patient's own skins cells to produce liver cells that we can put back into the patient, we may prevent
the future need for transplantation. "

1. what is the best title of this passage?

A. How to transplant liver for patients
B. A new way to transplant livers for patients  
C. The difficulty in curing liver patients
D. New life for liver patients

2. The first paragraph is written to _______.

A. show how difficult it is to cure liver disease  
B. tell us what a liver transplant involves    
C. introduce a potential cure for liver disease
D. show how serious liver disease can be

3.Why do some people get liver cirrhosis according to the article?

A. Because their bodies are lacking in alphal-antitrypsin.
B. Because their skin cells are not able to protect against inflammation.
C. Because the alphal-antitrypsin in their bodies is changed or damaged.
D. Because their liver releases too high a level of protein.

4. According to British scientists, liver transplant might ___________.

A. become history sooner or later
B. be replaced by a new stem cell technique in five years
C. be the only possible cure liver disease in the future
D. be prevented in the future

5. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Stem cells can keep liver cells healthy and fresh.    
B. Equaling medicine, stem cells can cure blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries
C. Stem cells can replace the damaged organs.
D. All other cells in the body can't work well without stem cells

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Now Americans don't dare to spend money.
B. Now all Americans have problems in sleeping.
C. Economy is the most troubling problem for Americans now.
D. Economic crisis has destroyed many American families.

2. How does the economic crisis affect most Americans according to the passage?

A. They sleep less than six hours.
B. They sleep less than the proper amount.
C. Diseases caused by economy make them sleepless.
D. They lose sleep at night.

3. If a person is out of work, he might________.

A. become more violent  
B. get divorced (離婚)
C. get rid of workplace stress  
D. go mad

4. The best title of this passage is probably "________".

A. The World Economic Crisis is Getting Worse
B. Economic Crisis Affects Americans' Health
C. Economic Crisis Causes Trouble to Sleep
D. Ordinary People Suffer Greatly in Economic Crisis

     Everyone is seeking happiness,but there is no specific definition about what happiness is,because for
different people,happiness means different things.State of happiness comes when you feel great joy and
satisfaction in life.The unity of soul and mind is very important for getting happiness,because mind creates a
comfortable environment for the soul.And mind has the power to control human actions and feelings.
     The essence of happiness lies in the fact that you do what brings you pleasure.It's very simple.A person
has a builtin system,an analogue (模擬的)GPS (Global Positioning System)．GPS is a piece of equipment
that is most often put in cars,and shows the route from its present location to the destination.Here's how it
works.You get in your car,choose a destination,and specify an exact address.GPS immediately determines
the best route and the arrow shows the direction of the route.If you follow the instructions of GPS all the
time,you will arrive at your destination.If you do not follow the instructions,it will say "change the route"．
     So here's your 'GPS'；it is your emotional system.When you feel joy,you're going the right way to a
happy life.When you feel sad and depressed,you're going in the wrong direction.Your 'GPS' says:"Change
the route."Some people are so used to this "change the route" that they in general no longer hear the
'GPS'．Change the route-it's your dissatisfaction,negative emotions and a sense of unhappiness.
     Listen to your GPS.If the way is chosen incorrectly,your 'GPS' would tell you to "change the route"．
To gain your happiness,do follow your 'GPS'．

1. It can be learned from the first paragraph that _____.

A. one's happiness is that he/she lives comfortably
B. one's mind has nothing to do with one's happiness
C. the author gave an exact definition about happiness
D. different people have different ideas about happiness

2. In the author's opinion,we can gain happiness by _____.

A. putting GPS in the car
B. listening to the advice from others
C. doing what can make us feel pleased
D. trying our best to keep our mind peaceful

3. What is the function of GPS?

A. It can judge whether a person is happy.
B. It can show the user the best route to follow.
C. It can help a driver avoid traffic accidents.
D. It can make the user get to the destination immediately

4. People mentioned in Paragraph 3 who are used to "change the route" _____.

A. don't have a happy life
B. don't know how to use GPS
C. don't have a builtin system
D. follow the instructions of GPS

5. What's the structure of the passage?

A. ①－②－③④  
B. ①②－③④
C. ①－②③－④  
D. ①②－③－④

6: 用30詞左右概括文章大意
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

     There is an English saying:"1._________." Until recently, few people took the saying
seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on
the human body. 2. _________.
     Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny
films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was
found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. 3.__________. If laughter
exercises the body, it must be beneficial(有益的).
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the
body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to
different radio programs. The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain for the longest time was
the group which listened to a funny program.4._________.
     5.__________. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like
laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused
by laughter.


A. Laughter can prolong(延長)one's life.
B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish (減少) both stress and pain.
D. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.
E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still can not put this theory into clinic practice.
F. Laughter is the best medicine.
G. They have found that laughter really can improve people's health