1_____. "We have a difficult time controlling our shopping behavior," says Alexander Chemev, a associate
professor of Northwestern University in Evanston. "It's influenced by lots of forces we usually don't take into
account." "2_____"
     We should take account of some of them below.
     The five senses
     What you see; Retailers (零售商) work to present their merchandise (商品) in the best light. "They use
lighting to make something that looks good look even better," Underhill says, "3_____"
     What you hear: If you like the music a store plays, chances are that you'll like the products it sells-and vice
versa, 4_____ That's a because customers respond to the tempo(節(jié)奏) of a store's music, says Deborah
McInnis, professor of the USC Marshall School of Business. "Studies show that the slower the tempo, the
slower people walk through the store, so the more they put in their baskets and the more they end up buying.
If the tempo is faster, people walk faster too. They don't stop to look so much, and they don't buy as much."
     What you smell and taste: The sweet arose of roasting chestnuts. Free samples of Christmas cookies. Like
music, those are effective ways of inviting customers into a store and making them feel welcome.
     What you touch: Signs encouraging customers to touch the merchandise are far less common in stores
than signs imploring them not to. "Touching an object can make you willing to pay more for it. 5_____" says
Joann Peck, an associate professor of Wisconsin School of Business.

A. But the rule of thumb should probably be, "If you don't want it, don't touch it."
B. Stores' music, lighting, 'deals' and pricing ranges can all influence what you buy.
C. You may be willing to pay more for a cashmere sweater just because you like how it feels.
D. Retailers often identify potential"impulse buys" and put them close to the checkout stand.
E. Just as music can attract people into a store, it can help to keep them there, or hurry them out the door.
F. They try to engage you with all five senses.
G. Everything tends to look better in the store than it does when you get it home.

     What is red but green, open but closed and old but new?
     The answer is: London's new double-decker (雙層) buses.
     Red double-deckers are a symbol of the city. Their status was sealed (確定) in 2008 when one bus made
the longer-than-usual trip to Beijing to collect a special passenger: the Olympic Flame.
     On November 11, a life-size model of the new bus was shown to the media. The Guardian reported that
the new design shares some of the features of the much-missed double-decker Routemaster bus. The original
Routemaster was introduced in 1956 but December 2005 saw the end of the old bus's general service. It was
because the bus was difficult for some passengers to use and not environmentally friendly. But it can still be
seen on two heritage routes in the city.
     Its replacements-boxy, modern double-deckers-have failed to win Londoners' affection.
     London mayor Boris Johnson told the BBC that the new buses were "a combination of nostalgia (懷舊) and
the latest technology". "Standing on the back platform of this bus brings a sense of nostalgia but also shows
the best part of the latest technology and design, making this bus fit for the 21st Century," he said.
     The new bus also returns to the driver-and-conductor model-a key feature of the original version. It will be
quieter than the old type and have a platform offering passengers the traditional hop-on hop-off service.
     The first five new buses will be seen on the roads by early 2012.

1. Which of the following shows that red double-deckers are a symbol of London?

A. They have a long history and are seen everywhere in London.
B. They have nothing in common with the traditional Routemaster bus.
C. One such bus went from London to Beijing to collect the Olympic Flame.
D. They carried British athletes from London to attend the Beijing Olympics.

2. Which of the following is true of the original Routemaster?

A. The bus came into use in the 1960s.
B. The bus was banned because it was harmful to the environment.
C. Passengers didn't like the bus because it was slow.
D. Visitors to London cannot see such buses on the roads any more.

3. According to London mayor Boris Johnson, the new Routemaster _____.

A. has not been as well received as was expected
B. will be widely used in London in 2012
C. is the most environmentally friendly bus in the UK
D. combines the latest technology with key traditional features

4. What is the characteristic of the new red double-deckers?

A. The buses will make no noises.
B. The buses will have no conductors.
C. They will be equipped with air-conditioning.
D. The bus platform will offer passengers a traditional service.

     A popular student in her small high school, Katie started college expecting to do well in her courses and be
best friends with her roommates. But things didn't turn out that way. Psych 101, the course she thought would
be a first-semester favorite, turned out to be a struggle. And her roommates were as different from Katie as the
student restaurant' s mystery meat was from her mom' s roasted pork.
     Living away from home tends to be the toughest adjustment for first-year students. You may feel homesick
in your first weeks or months. It can help to call, write, or email your parents and friends making them know
how you're doing. You can also talk with your roommates. As first-year students themselves, they're probably
experiencing many of the same fears and worries that you're dealing with.
     But what if you don't get along well with your roommates?
     In some cases, it can be a good thing if you and your roommates aren't much alike. Different views on things
may be helpful, so respect your differences no matter what they are.
     If you and your roommates don't get along well, it can help to find someone who you feel does understand
you, which should be easy on a campus with so many people. Many schools have student organization nights
where all of the campus clubs gather and promote their organizations, so you can meet people with the same
interests there as you. You'll also meet tons of people in class or in your dorm building.
     As homesickness, painful throats, sprained (扭傷的) ankles and wisdom teeth that act up are common
among college students, you should check out your student guidebook or your school's website to find out
information about the university health center.
     If you think you cannot deal with your problems, make a stop at the school counseling (咨詢) center. First-
year troubles are something the counselors know well. You can get help there.

1. From Paragraph l we can infer that ____.

A. Katie had been worried about the changes before starting her college life
B. Katie felt satisfied when her college life started
C. Katie wasn't used to the new environment in college at first
D. Katie has fallen behind in her study after the first semester in college

2. What's the author's suggestion on dealing with homesickness?

A. Adjust to it.
B. Share fears and worries with your parents.
C. Talk to your roommates about it.
D. Get along with your roommates.

3. Which of the following ways of dealing with roommates is RIGHT?

A. Not trying to change them.
B. Not making friends with them.
C. Developing the same interests as them.
D. Not talking with them.

4. What' s the main idea of the text?

A. Freshmen may meet many problems.
B. Communication is important in college.
C. How you can adjust to your first year in college.
D. How schools help freshmen to get used to college life.

     If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to
your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.
     If you say to your children "I am sorry I got angry with you, but .."what follows that's but" can make the
apology ineffective. "I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has
been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.
     Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're
upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person
has done.
     Then there is the general, all-covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that
was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not commit a person to any specific improvement.
     These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish
to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-
apologies.
     But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition (悔悟), children still need help to become
aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children
feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-
year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children's expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old
might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing
a parent's clothes without permission is not.

1. According to the author, "tricky" means ____.

A. simple
B. complicated
C. cautious
D. various

2. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because ____.

A. it is only an empty promise
B. it is not necessary
C. it is neither clear nor effective
D. it is hurtful and insulting

3. In teaching children to say sorry ____.

A. parents should set them a good example
B. parents should be patient and tolerant
C. the significance of it should be involved
D. their ages should be taken into account

4. According to the passage, apologizing properly is ____.

A. a social issue calling for immediate attention
B. a big problem faced by every family
C. a sign of social progress
D. not as simple as it seems

     One thing Britain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of
the thousands of pubs across the country.
     Pubs play an important part in the social structure of the country. They are places where all ages and social
classes mix to talk, do business, or just spend a couple of quiet hours before heading home in the evening.
     There are many different types of beer available in pubs. Traditional British beer is called bitter, or ale, and
is usually served at room temperature. As a result, the British are famous for their "warm beer"!
     If you prefer a cold beer, ask for lager. This beer is a light yellow in colour whereas bitter is usually a darker
brown. Another type of beer is stout-you may have heard of Guinness, which is a type of stout. This is a cold,
black beer and takes a long time to pour, so don't be surprised if you have to wait for it.
     All beers are served as pints (500 ml) or halves (250 ml). To order, you need to ask for a pint or half, and
then name the beer. So, you could say "_____".
     Another drink is cider. This is like beer, but it is made from apples so it can taste sweet. Wine, red or white,
is normally available in all pubs, as are spirits such as whisky, gin or vodka. These are served as singles (25ml) o
r doubles (50 ml).
     It is not, however, necessary to drink alcohol. Non-alcoholic drinks are called soft drinks. You can have
juice, lemonade or cola, among others.
     If you visit a pub in a group, it is important to pay for your "round". This means that you buy a drink for
everyone in your group. Not buying your round is a big social mistake. Remember that you need to order and
pay for your drinks at the bar.
     So, follow these tips if you want to get the most out of visiting a pub, and, "cheers!"

1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? If you don't buy a drink for everyone
     in your group, you are socially wrong. 
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Please fill in the blank in the fifth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please
    answer within 10 words.) 
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
4. If you are in a pub, what would you like to drink? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.) 
    _______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese. 
    _______________________________________________________________________________________

     It tastes just like chicken away from home, and eating is more than just a way to keep your stomach full.
It is a language all its own, and no words can say "Glad to meet you...glad to be doing business with you..."
quite like sharing a meal offered by your host.
     Clearly, mealtime is not the time for you to say, "No, thanks." Acceptance of the food on your plate means
acceptance of host, country, and company. So, no matter how difficult it may be to swallow, swallow. Or,
as one experienced traveler says, "Travel with a cast-iron stomach and eat everything everywhere."
     Often, the food offered represents proudly your host country's eating culture. What would Ataiericans think
of a French person who refused to take a bite of homemade apple pie or sirloin? Our discomfort comes not
so much from the thing itself; it comes from our unfamiliarity with it. After all, an oyster has remarkably the
same look as a sheep's eye; and a first look at a lobster would remind almost anybody of a creature from a
science fiction movie, not something you dip in butter and eat. By the way, in Saudi Arabia sheep's eyes are
a famous dish.
     Can you refuse such food without being rude? Most experienced business travelers say no, at least not
before taking at least a few bites. It helps, though, to slice any item very thin. This way, you minimize the
taste and the reminder of where it came from. Or, "Swallow it quickly," as one traveler recommends. "I still
can't tell you what sheep's eyeballs taste like." As for dealing with taste, the old line that "It tastes just like
chicken" is often thankfully true. Even when "it" is really rat or snake.
     Another useful piece of advice is not knowing what you are eating. What's for dinner? Don't ask. Avoid
glancing into the kitchen or looking at English-language menus. Your host will be pleased that you are eating
the food he offers, and who knows? Maybe it really is chicken in that soup.

1. The purpose of the article is to _____.

A. introduce unfamiliar food
B. share the writer's personal experiences
C. suggest ways to overcome a cultural barrier in eating
D. advise on how to politely refuse to eat foreign food

2. According to the writer, people hesitate at strange food mainly due to _____.

A. the way it looks
B. safety worries
C. lack of information about it
D. the unfamiliar atmosphere

3. From the article we can infer that _____.

A. an American may feel comfortable with sirloin
B. one should refuse strange food after a few bites
C. English-language menus are not always dependable
D. one needs a cast-iron stomach to travel in any country

4. One may say "It tastes just like chicken" when _____.

A. showing respect for chicken-loving nations
B. greeting people with different dieting habits
C. evaluating chefs at an international food festival
D. getting someone to try a visually unpleasant meal

     Shopping in the United States changes a lot. About ninety years ago most people shopped in small stores
that were owned by one person or a family. Women went from the bakery to the butcher's to the grocer and
on to the fruit and vegetable seller in order to get their food for the week.
     Then about sixty years ago, supermarkets were born. In a supermarket, people could get all the different
kinds of food they needed without going to different stores.
     The next big change in shopping in the United States was the shopping mall. A shopping mall is a group of
stores under one roof. Because malls allowed people to shop without worrying about the weather, they soon
became very popular. The mall became a place for people to socialize in addition to shopping. If you walk
through a mall, you will see older people sitting, chatting and drinking coffee. Malls are places for teenagers to
hang out. Many teens will often just "go to the mall" and spend time with their friends.
     The recent change in American shopping was the superstore. Large chain stores such as Wal-Mart, Office
Depot and Toys "R" Us have been built all across the United States. Because they are so large, they can buy
goods at a great discount and sell them much cheaper than smaller stores.
     Sometimes, when they are built near small towns, many of the small town stores have to close. They just
cannot compete with their giant neighbors.
     And now, online shopping is becoming more and more popular all over the States. People are too busy to
go to the physical stores, so they go shopping over the Internet. Online shopping has lots of advantages. For
instance, online stores are usually available 24 hours a day. Searching or browsing online shops can be faster
than browsing the physical stores. While, online shopping also has its disadvantages. People are at higher risk
of being cheated on the part of the merchant than in a physical store. And privacy of personal information
may be let out.

1. Which of the following shows the right order of shopping development in the United States?
    ①small stores ②superstores ③shopping malls ④shopping online ⑤supermarkets

A. ①②③④⑤
B. ①⑤②③④
C. ①⑤③②④
D. ②③④①⑤

2. Which is the place for people to spend time with others according to the passage?

A. Shopping malls.
B. Small stores.
C. Supermarkets.
D. Superstores.

3. Why can the superstores sell products at much lower prices?

A. Because they are built near small towns.
B. Because they are across the United States.
C. Because they sell all kinds of products people need.
D. Because they can buy goods at a reduction in the prices.

4. What's the disadvantage of online shopping according to the passage?

A. Wasting time.
B. Leaking personal information.
C. Fixed prices.
D. No chance to do physical activities.