When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power.But what are these really, and
how do they operate?
     Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things.Even if this is possible, it is shortterm, and
tends to produce unexpected and unwanted results.If you order someone to do something against their
will, they may do it because they feel they have to, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long
term.They will also experience fear.
     Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best.If
they connect you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have
succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner
unable to perform effectively.Fear does no good to leadership.
     The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use
of emotion.We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work day; or we can
employ them at the emotional level, so they will become fully devoted to the projects and provide some
of their own motivation.Today's work place is all about relationships.
     Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they're recognized and valued as a human
being as well as a worker.Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like.Leaders understand
the way things work.They know the pay check is not the single most important factor in the work life of
most people.
     The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional
intelligence-knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others.Developing your
emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationship with
people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.

1. The writer thinks that it is not________for us to connect leadership with strength and power.

A. possible  
B. necessary
C. easy  
D. effective

2. People may NOT be working hard when________.

A. they're regarded as human beings
B. they like their leaders
C. money is taken as the most important
D. leaders understand the way things work

3. From the passage, we can conclude that________is the key to making a good leader.

A. developing one's emotional intelligence
B. in fluencing others in one's own way
C. producing some unexpected results
D. having confidence in one's ability

4. This passage is most helpful to those who________.

A. have strength and power
B. are going to make a speech
C. would like to be leaders
D. are to be excellent employees

                                                    How Much to Tip
     You're out to dinner.The food is delicious and the service is fine.You decide to leave a big fat tip.
Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.
     Tipping,  psychologists have found,  is not just about service.Instead,  studies have shown that tipping
can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter's choice of
words,  to how they carry themselves while taking orders,  to the bill's total.Even how much waiters
remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.
     "Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker, 
 "wrote Rick van Baaren,  a social psychology professor."These studies show that people who are being
mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimicks them."
     So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups.He requested that half serve with a phrase
such as,  "Coming up!"Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back
to the customers.Rick van Baaren then compared their takehome pay.The results were clear-it pays to
mimic your customer.The copycat (模仿者) waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other
group.
      Leonard Green and Joel Myerson,  psychologists at Washington University in St.Louis,  found the
generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill.After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, 
cabdrivers,  hair stylists,  they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers' bills went
up.In fact,  tip percentages appear to plateau (穩(wěn)定期) when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made
the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.
      "That's also a point of tipping,  " Green says."You have to give a little extra to the cabdriver for being
there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you.If they weren't there,  you'd
never get any service.So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there."

1. Apart from service,  how many other factors affecting the customers'tipping are mentioned in the
    passage?

A. 1.  
B. 2.  
C. 3.  
D. 4.

2. These studies show that________.

A. tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiters
B. people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them
C. the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as those who don't mimick others
D. mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad

3. According to the passage,  which of the following will be likely to show the right change of
    the tip percentages?



4. We know from the passage that the writer seems to________.

A. object to Mr Green's idea about tipping
B. think part of Mr Green's explanation is reasonable
C. give his generous tip to waiters very often
D. support the opinions of Mr Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

     "Few things help an individual more than to place responsibility upon him, and let him know that you
trust him." These words are from the black American educator, Booker Washington.He was saying that,
"If you want people to grow up, you have to stop treating them like children."
     In America, families are close but children are encouraged to be independent, to make their own
decisions, even at a very early age.It's not unusual for a child of seven to be given an allowance  (津貼)
every week.The child is encouraged to save some of the money but he or she can spend it on whatever
they choose, for example, buying clothes, school supplies or CDs.Some teenagers even have their own
credit cards!That's a big responsibility since even adults are tempted tooverspend when they have credit
cards.
     From an early age, American children are asked for their opinions and they are included in family
decisionmaking.At the dinner table, teenagers will be listened to on any topic, from politics to buying a
new family car or where the family will go on vacation.In this way, teenagers are getting practice in
becoming individuals:they are learning how to stand on their own two feet.
     Many Chinese young people are becoming almost as interested as American teens in searching for
independence.They want to express those qualities that make them unique human beings.You can see
this in the way they dress, the music they listen to and the friends they choose."Super Girl" Li Yuchun
caught the imagination of Chinese teenagers on the "Super Girl" television contest.She was not the
traditional "nice, young Chinese girl". With her short, spiky hair and boylike clothes, she was telling
everyone that she was different.She had the courage to be her own person and to stand on her own two
feet...and she won!
     There is an old saying, "Everyone should carefully observe which way his heart draws him and then
choose that way with all his strength." If you do this, step by step, over a period of time, you may find
that you have become the person you always wanted to be.

1. The passage is intended to encourage the youth to________.

A. save money for useful things
B. become independent
C. express their great ambitions
D. make important decisions

2. A child of seven is given an allowance so that he can______.

A. be accepted as a popular guy
B. learn to decide how to use money
C. overspend money without care
D. have school supplies of his own

3. The author implies that many Chinese children________.

A. are more independent than Americans
B. should become interested in America
C. are happy with their present situation
D. are not satisfied to be nice, quiet ones

4. The main idea of the last paragraph is________.

A. that we should do things step by step
B. why we should understand our desires
C. what we should plan for our own life
D. how we can manage to realize our dreams

     As a foreigner, I don' t know the situation in the US well.Seeing all kinds of recent shooting incidents,
I think it should be controlled more strictly than now.Somebody said that the person who has it in mind to kill another can do it without a gun, so the causes of murders are not guns but the trend of despising (蔑
視) life in the US.And they also insist that there is no clear evidence that the increasing number of murders
is connected with possession of guns, so the personal rights should not be restricted by the reason that
there is not enough evidence.
     Several months ago, I agreed with that partly.But as we know, the private groups like NRA have used
the public opinion and persuaded the government to protect their profit.Other weapons such as knives,
razors, bats are made for their own usage.But guns are made for only one reason-to kill someone.Of
course, there are people who have guns to protect themselves from the criminals.But crime is getting
more cruel and severe nowadays, so actually even if someone has a gun, it is impossible to guard himself
completely.
      As a substitute, I think, if the possession of guns is controlled more strictly, people can live safer lives
than now.There are other reasons to oppose the gun control (e.g.the possession of guns is historical
inheritance (繼承)and represents that people's resistance will beagainst tyrannical (專制的)government),
but none of them can justify and explain today's serious situation in the US.

1. The writer's purpose is to give his opinion about________.

A. personal possessions    
B. American culture
C. personal rights  
D. gun control

2. Which of the following supports the writer' s opinion?

A. The causes of crime are not guns.
B. People are accustomed to having guns.
C. People can live a safer life without guns.
D. Guns are used for selfdefence.

3. What is the current situation in the US?

A. The number of murders is rising.
B. Everyone in the US possesses a gun.
C. NRA has ruled over the country.
D. No evidence is available after a crime.

4. According to the writer, ________should be banned in the society.

A. knives  
B. guns
C. knives and guns  
D. knives, razors and bats