Far more people in India have access to a mobile phone than to a toilet, according to a UN study.
     India's mobile users totaled 563.73 million at the last count, enough to serve nearly half of the
country's population.
    But just 366 million people-around a third of the population-had access to proper sanitation (衛(wèi)
生設(shè)施) in 2008, said the study published by the UN University, a UN thinktank.
     "It is a tragic irony (諷刺) to think in India, a country now wealthy enough that roughly half of the
people own phones, so many people cannot afford the basic necessity and quality of a toilet, " said
UN University director Zafar Adeel.
     Adeel heads the UN University's Institute for Water, Environment and Health, based in the
Canadian city of Hamilton, which prepared the report.
      Worldwide, an estimated 358 billion dollars is needed between now and 2015 to achieve the UN
Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the proportion of people with inadequate (不充分的)
sanitation from 2000 levels.
     "Proper sanitation could do more to save lives, especially those of young people, improve health
and help pull India and other countries in similar circumstances out of poverty than any alternative
investment, " Adeel said.
     Poor sanitation is a major contributor to waterborne diseases (水傳播疾病), which in the past three
years alone killed an estimated 4.5 million children under the age of five worldwide, according to the
study.
    The report gave a rough cost of 300 dollars to build a toilet, including labour, and materials.The
world could expect a return of up to 34 dollars for every dollar spent on sanitation through improved
productivity and reduced poverty and health costs, said Adeel.He said improving sanitation was an
economic and humanitarian opportunity of historic proportions.

1. The population of India is about________.

A. less than 1 billion 
B. about 1.2 billion
C. 900 million  
D. 800 million

2. From Paragraph 4, we can draw a conclusion that________.

A. India is so poor that they can't afford the basic necessity and quality of a toilet
B. a mobile phone is more important than a toilet
C. it's normal in Indian that they can't attach importance to toilets
D. Zafar Adeel wasn't satisfied with the sanitary situation in India

3. Improving sanitation can play an important part in the following EXCEPT________.

A. preventing waterborne diseases
B. saving lives of young people
C. pulling developing countries out of poverty
D. improving the quality of mobile phone and getting more information

4. According to the last paragraph, if the government put into $10,000 on sanitation, they
   can get a return of________.

A. $3,000,000  
B. $10,000
C. $340,000  
D. $10,200

     Each year about a quarter of a million Americans study abroad. For many of them, a summer or
a semester in a foreign country now involves more than just sitting in classrooms and hanging out with
other American students. Instead, they are encouraged and sometimes required to be involved in the
local communities they are studying in.
     "It's absolutely important that they know something about how people in other parts of the world
live and think, and how they behave," says William Finlay, head of the sociology department at the
University of Georgia. In 2008, he co-founded a study abroad program with South Africa's Stellenbosch University. It combines traditional academic in-class learning with community involvement.
     "We've been working with a non-government organization in the township. Our students typically
either work with little children in day care centers or work in the library and teach very basic computer
skills to young children," says Finlay.
     The three-week program proved to be an unforgettable experience for Hillary Kinsey. She says, "
It was interesting to learn the history of the area and then talk to these people and see what the social
dynamics were, and how certain groups felt about other groups."
     When Hillary Kinsey returned home from South Africa, she and other students in the program
established a non-profit group. Kinsey says the group wants to contribute to advancing education and
development in South Africa. "One of the purposes of the group is that we hope to raise money and
awareness about the situation where those people live and help to promote any sort of educational
development that we can, " Kinsey added.
     While many study abroad programs focus on helping Americans to learn foreign languages, others
take a more intensive approach. "In all of our locations, we place students with local roommates," says
Mark Lenhart, director of CEF Academic Programs, which sends more than a thousand students to
China, Korea and other countries each year.
     He says American students benefit from such one-on-one interactions, in spite of the challenges they
face. Lenhart says, "They have to adjust to the local life. This will enable students to become more
employable when they graduate."

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. How non-profit groups work in South Africa.
B. How to take part in study abroad programs.
C. Americans studying abroad pay more attention to working with local children.
D. Americans combine community involvement with study while studying abroad.

2. The purposes of Hillary Kinsey's non-profit group include all of the following EXCEPT          .

A. learning more about South Africa
B. raising money for local people  
C. helping to develop education in South Africa  
D. raising people's awareness of the local situation

3. Which of the following CANNOT be used to describe Hillary Kinsey's feelings about studying
abroad?

A. Interested.    
B. Surprised.    
C. Impressed.  
D. Unforgettable.

4. The advantages of studying abroad mentioned in this passage include           .
① making more friends
② being qualified for more jobs
③ learning a foreign language
④ having the ability to adjust to a new environment

A.  ①②③        
B.  ②③④          
C. ①③④        
D.  ①②④

     The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man
with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over
100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this
interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable
electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.
     RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation(航空) industry, has recommended that all
airlines ban such devices from being used during "critical" stages of flight, particularly take-off
and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently,
rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit
passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce
a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.
     The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft's computers.
Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which
aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce
these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be
dangerous or not.
     The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受損的) to interference raises the risk that
terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though,
is the passenger who can't hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music's too loud.

1. The passage is mainly about ________.

A. a new regulation for all airlines.
B. the defects of electronic crashes
C. a possible cause of aircraft crashes
D. effective safety measures for air flight

2. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?______

A. They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.
B. They may have taken place during take off and landing.
C. They were proved to have been caused by the passengers' portable computers.
D. They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.

3. Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because _______.

A. they don't believe there is such a danger as radio interference.
B. the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved.
C. most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players.
D. they have other effective safety measures to fall back on.

4. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane's
computers?______

A. Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.
B. Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.
C. Because research scientists have not been to produce the same effects in labs.
D. Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.

5. It can inferred from the passage that the author _________.

A. is in favor of prohibiting passengers' use of electronic devices completely
B. has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference
C. hasn't formed his own opinion on this problem
D. regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight

     Many Chinese have been greatly shocked by the traffic accident caused by the drunk driver Sun
Weiming, who has killed five and injured some others in Chengdu, Sichuan. However, such a case is not
rare.    
     Today, traffic accidents may have been regarded as a social problem. The car has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street
flows actually from rude behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. In
fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless but just ordinary people acting carelessly, you
might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even far beyond carelessness
that can be imagined.    
     Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can change drivers' reactions, slow their
judgment, and make them blind to the dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is
vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep his/her emotions under control.    
     Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem isn't only put upon drivers. Street walkers regularly ignore or break traffic regulations. They are blamed in most vehiclewalker accidents, and many
cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.    
     Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicles have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through regular road inspections. In
addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to make people believe that driving is a skilled task
requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those
with whom they share the road.

1. Traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because _____.  

A. auto driving has become dangerous and harmful in today's society  
B. people usually pay no attention to law and morality when driving  
C. they have caused serious psychological problems among drivers  
D. the car has killed and disabled more people than any weapon in history

2. Who are NOT mentioned to be responsible for the road accidents in the passage?  

A. Careless bicycleriders.  
B. Careless people walking in the street.  
C. Irresponsible auto drivers.  
D. Irresponsible auto manufacturers.

3. By discussing solutions to traffic accidents,  the author seems to be _____.

A. doubtful and hopeless  
B. angry and disappointed
C. objective and concerned
D. anxious and annoyed

4. The author writes this passage to _____.  

A. show his worries about drunk driving  
B. help protect street walkers from car accidents  
C. discuss traffic problems and possible solutions  
D. warn auto drivers to refuse drunk driving

     I find some of the ways in which Chinese parents show love for their children rather
surprising.Obviously there are some pretty big differences between our behavior and theirs
in this respect.Most Chinese children seem to get whatever they want,from ice creams,sweets
and toys to endless attention from the adults around them.Is this a sort of spoiling or love?I
wonder.
     Most westerners would think it is a sort of spoiling rather than love.We think love means
educating your children and bringing them up to lead an independent life.That includes learning
to accept the fact that he can't get everything he wants.As an adult,he will not always get the
quite expensive car he hunts for；she will not always manage to acquire the beautiful dress
she longs for.So we try to teach our children early to cope with the disappointment of not
getting what they want.
     I find too much such kind of love for the children can actually spoil them.To my surprise,it
seems that the life of a Chinese child is rather hard.Without doubt,the child is the very center
of a whole circle of adults,but on the other hand he or she is also expected to start studying
according to adults' wishes.Many children of my son's age take piano lessons,painting classes
and even English lessons.It looks as if Chinese adults think that just playing without learning
anything is a waste of time.So in this respect our children appear spoiled,just because they
are allowed to play.But without this sort of play how can Western children develop such free
and rich imaginations?In fact the connection between this imagination and the creativity is so
important in the children' s future life.

1．In which way do most Chinese children seem to be spoiled?

A．They can be supported by their parents.
B．They can play whenever they want.
C．They need not behave themselves.
D．Their demands can always be satisfied.

2．In the author's opinion,the life of a Chinese child is________.

A．rather hard  
B．rather easy  
C．independent 
D．colorful

3．The author thinks Western children appear spoiled because______.

A．they can manage time by themselves
B．they can have the freedom to play
C．they can take piano lessons
D．they may have expensive toys

4．The best title of the passage could be________.

A．Chinese children's early education
B．How to develop kids' imagination
C．What is the real love for children
D．The imagination and creativity

     The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families.But it seems that four out 
of five young people now get on with their parents,which is the opposite of the popularly held
image of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
     An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more
harmonious than it has ever been in the past."We were surprised by just how positive today's
young people seem to be about their families,"said one member of the research team."They're
expected to be rebellious (叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds；
they want a car and material goods,and they worry about whether school is serving them well.
There's more negotiation (商議) and discussion between parents and children,and children expect
to take part in the family decisionmaking process.They don't want to rock the boat."
     So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to
treat their children as friends."My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen
to me," says 17yearold Daniel Lazall."I always tell them when I'm going out clubbing.As long as
they know what I'm doing,they're fine with it." Susan Crome,who is now 21,agrees."Looking back
on the last 10 years,there was a lot of what you could call negotiation.For example,as long as I'd
done all my homework,I could go out on a Saturday night.But I think my grandparents were a lot
stricter with my parents than that."
     Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected.It is possible that the idea of
teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts.A researcher comments,"Our surprise that teenagers
say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history
when teenagers were regarded as different beings.But that idea of rebelling and breaking away
from their parents really happened during the 1960s when everyone rebelled.The normal situation
throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it
over."

1．What is the popular images of teenagers today?

A．They worry about school.
B．They dislike living with their parents.
C．They have to be locked in to avoid troubles.
D．They quarrel a lot with other family members.

2．The study shows that teenagers don't want to________.

A．share family responsibility
B．cause trouble in their families
C．go boating with their family
D．make family decisions

3．Compared with parents of 30 years ago,today's parents________.

A．go to clubs more often with their children
B．a(chǎn)re much stricter with their children
C．careless about their children's life
D．give their children more freedom

     Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in big,
noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, fields, rivers and streams of the
countryside to the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and crowds. This movement from rural(鄉(xiāng)下的) areas to urban areas has been going on for over two hundred years.
     In many countries, the main reason people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one or two
large factories have been built in or near a town, people come to find work, and soon an industrial area
begins to grow. There is usually a_residential_area nearby, too. The families of these workers need
schools, hospitals and shops, so many people come to live in the area to provide these services and a city grows.
     In every major city in the world, there is a business district where the big companies have their main
offices. In the United States, this area is usually in the city center downtown. It is here that you can see
many huge skyscrapers(摩天大樓)and office blocks. The people who work here often travel a long way
to work each day. Many of them live in the suburbs of the city, far away from the industrial area and the
city center. Some suburbs are very pleasant, with nice houses and big gardens. There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores where you can buy all you need.
     But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger and bigger? Perhaps not. Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years, and it is quite possible that one day we will
see people moving out of the major cities and back into smaller towns and villages.

1. The underlined phrase "a residential area" means an area________.

A. where people can buy things
B. which is suitable for living in
C. where people can do business
D. which is near a city center

2. Why do people move to live in cities or towns?

A. Because they can live more comfortably there.
B. Because they like noisy life better than peaceful life.
C. Because they mainly want to find work there.
D. Because they are sure of having a better life there.

3. Which of the following statement is NOT true about the business district?

A. Big companies usually have their main offices in the business district.
B. People usually work and live in the business district.
C. A business district usually lies in the city center downtown.
D. Nearly every major city has its own business district.

4. In the United States, many people work in the center of a big city________.

A. and live there
B. but live in the suburbs of the city
C. and live in another city
D. but live in rural areas

5. We can infer that this movement from rural to urban areas ________.

A. has been going on for more than 2,000 years
B. will surely continue in the future
C. may not continue in the future
D. has now stopped already

      According to a recent survey on money and relationships,36% of people are keeping a
bank account from their partner.While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in
a relationship,in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all
marriages ending in divorce,men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy,
regardless of whether they are in a relationship.
      The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult,even more
so when children are involved.The lack of permanency in relationships,job and family life
may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner,
in other words,an"escape fund"．
      Margaret's story is far from unique.She is a representative of a growing number of
women in long－term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every
month on pay day,she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her
husband.She has been doing this throughout their six－year marriage and has built a nest egg
worth an incredible$100,000.Margaret says if her husband found about her secret savings
he'd be hurt and would take this as a sign that she wasn't sure of the marriage."He'd think it
was my escape fund so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went
wrong.I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is,but you
can never be sure."
     Like many of her fellow secret savers,Margaret was hurt in a former relationship and has
since been very guarded about her own money.
     Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad.Take
Colleen for example,who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to
her partner."I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own.I
wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy
day."

1. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because________.

A．"escape fund" helps one through rainy days
B．days are getting harder and harder
C．women are money sensitive
D．financial conflicts often occur

2．The underlined word "savvy" in Paragraph 1 probably means________.

A．suspicious
B．secure
C．wise
D．simple

3．Which inference can we make about Margaret?

A．She is a unique woman.
B．She was once divorced.
C．She is going to retire.
D．She has many children.

4. The author mentions Colleen's example to show________.

A．a(chǎn)ny couple can avoid marriage conflicts
B．privacy within marriage should be respected
C．everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriage
D．financial disclosure is not necessarily bad

5. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?______.

A．Secret savers
B．Love is what it's worth
C．Banking honesty
D．Once bitten,twice shy

     I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so.
At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand
on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are
taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly
on their own, most of them are clutching (緊握) at one another's hands for reassurance.
     They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off
in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled (聚在一起) round listening to
the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thusandsuch a way is that the crowd is doing
it. They have come out of their cocoon (蠶繭) into a larger_cocoon.
     It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to
go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager
can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today's parents
have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier
for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.
     But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to
classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is
collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your
classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come-with the people who
respect you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts.

1．In this passage, the author wants to tell ________.

A．teenagers to try to pursue their real selves
B．readers to try to be popular with people around
C．parents to try to control and guide their children
D．people to try to understand and respect each other

2．The author disapproves of rebelling teenagers ________.

A．growing away from their parents
B．following the popularity trend
C．walking a new way on their own
D．turning to their friends for help

3.The phrase "larger cocoon" at the end of the second paragraph refers to ________.

A．the distractive and variable society
B．the dazzling music world
C．the parental care and love
D．the popularity wave in the society

4．What does the author think of advertisements?

A．Convincing.  
B．Instructive.
C．Influential.  
D．Authoritative.

45．According to the author, what might happen when a teenager stands up against the popularity wave
and follows his/her own path?

A．He/She falls behind the time.
B．He/She loses good friends.
C．He/She faces all kinds of criticism.
D．He/She gains valuable popularity.