Six years ago, a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed
two men standing together. Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working
in the building. Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen
the two suspects, and could possibly describe them. In an interview with police, her memory of the
men proved disappointingly unclear.
     Several days later, psychologist Ronald P. Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete
account from the woman. Fisher’s interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear
picture of one of the suspects. She then recalled several details about his appearances. This information
gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case.
     Police investigators sought the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the
so-called cognitive (認(rèn)知的) interview, a kind of memory-rebuilding process. In its original form, the
cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking
about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events, reporting
everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected, retelling
events in a variety of time orders, beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward, and
adopting different perspectives while recalling events.
     Usually, an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an
active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else’s questions.
The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions.
The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details
of what happened from different perspectives.
     Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get
nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about
the same.

1. What is the purpose of writing this passage?

A. To give an account of a murder case in an office
B. To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview.
C. To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall.
D. To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview.

2. The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more by ________. 

A. strengthening her memory                
B. giving her encouragement
C. rebuilding her memory                    
D. giving her more time

3. It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview, the interviewer mainly plays
a _______role. 

A. directing        
B. questioning          
C. passive          
D. secondary

4. What is the key point of the cognitive interview? 

A. The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time.
B. The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information.
C. The interview should take place outside the police station.
D. The witness should recall details at the scene of the event.

5. Police trained in the cognitve interview method can ________.

A. get more information from the witness than before  
B. decrease the error rate
C. solve the cases more quickly              
D. use the method more skillfully than the psycholologists

     Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents'
home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station (加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City,
where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款臺(tái)),
I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
     I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped
and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas
station. They said they would take me to my friend's. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got
out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.
     I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present
from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
     Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car
and found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery (電池) was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly
Ford dealership－a shop selling cars－was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the
showroom.
     "Just how friendly is Friendly Ford?" I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck
to my car and started it. They would accept no payment, so when I got home, I wrote them a note to say
thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and
say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said.
     "Thank you"－two powerful words. They're easy to say and mean so much.

1. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City _____.

A. to visit a friend
B. to see his parents
C. to pay or the cash register
D. to have more gas for his car

2. What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car?

A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.
B. The couple sent him a business card.
C. The couple offered to help him.
D. He called his friend for help.

3. The battery of the author's car was dead because _____.

A. something went wrong with the lights
B. the meeting lasted a whole day
C. he forgot to turn off the lights
D. he drove too long a distance

4. By telling his own experiences, the author tries to show _____.

A. how to write a thank-you letter
B. how to deal with car problems
C. the kind-heartedness of older people
D. the importance of expressing thanks

     After Mom died, I began visiting Dad every morning before I went to work. He was frail and moved
slowly, but he always had a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice on the kitchen table for me, along with
an unsigned note reading, "Drink your juice." Such a gesture, I knew, was as far as Dad had ever been able
to go in expressing his love. In fact, I remember, as a kid I had questioned Mom "Why doesn't Dad love me?"
Mom frowned, "Who said he doesn't love you?" "Well, he never tells me," I complained. "He never tells me
either," she said, smiling. "But look how hard he works to take care of us, to buy us food and clothes, and
to pay for this house. That's how your father tells us he loves us."
     I nodded slowly. I understood in my head, but not in my heart. I still wanted my father to put his arms
around me and tell me he loed me. Dad owned and operated a small scrap (片) metal business, and after school
I often hung around while he worked. Dad hand fed scrap steel into a device that chopped as cleanly as a
butcher chops a rack of ribs. The machine looked like a giant pair of scissors. with blades thicker than my
father's body. If he didn't feed those terrifying blades just right, he risked serious injury. "Why don't you hire
someone to do that for you?" Mom asked Dad one night as she bent over him and rubbed his aching shoulders
with a strong smelling liniment. "Why don't you hire a cook?" Dad asked, giving her one of his rare smiles.
     Many years later, during my first daily visit, after drinking the juice my father had squeezed for me, I
walked over, hugged him and said, "I love you, Dad." From then on I did this every morning. My father never
told me how he felt about my hugs, and there was never any expression on his face when I gave them.

1. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. I just couldn't understand my father
B. My father never loved me
C. Silent fatherly love
D. My hard-working father

2. The author's father always prepared a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice for him because ____.

A. that was the author's favorite
B. he was sure the author would be thirsty
C. the author was always complaining
D. that was a gesture of love

3. The author's father didn't hire a helper because ____.

A. his job was too dangerous
B. his job required high skills
C. he wanted to save money
D. he was not good at communicating with others

4. We may infer from the passage that ____.

A. the author's father lacked a sense of humor
B. the author quite understood his father as time went on
C. the author's father didn't love him very much
D. the author's father was too strict with him

     Mr. Frank shot well and once he had come in fourth in a competition.
     Then he went to a big city on business. There he joined the local rifle club. The club had a
very good team, which used to take part in a lot of important shooting competitions. One of
these took place while Frank was with them. But one of the members of the club's team suddenly
fell ill just before the match. The captain had heard of Mr. Frank. He therefore invited Mr. Frank
to take the sick man's place.
    Mr. Frank felt greatly happy to be asked to shoot for such a good team, but he also felt very
nervous, because he was afraid of making a fool of himself.
    In fact, he was so nervous that he could not keep his hands from trembling while he was shooting,
with the result that he did very badly in the competition. When he took his score card to his captain,
he said:" After seeing my score, I want to go outside and shoot myself. " The captain looked at the
card for a few seconds and then said, "Well, you'd better take two bullets with you if you want to
do that. "

1. Mr. Frank once                in a competition.

A. joined the fourth team
B. took the fourth place
C. was the fourth to start shooting
D. shot with the other three

2. Why did Mr. Frank feel nervous to be asked to shoot for the team? Because             

A. actually he was not good at shooting
B. he thought the captain and the other members would fool him
C. he was afraid of losing face before so many good shooters
D. he would lose a lot of money if he should fail

3. When Frank said, "After seeing my score, I want to go outside and shoot myself", he meant
to say that               .

A. he wants to practice shooting all by himself
B. he wanted to find out the reason for his failure
C. he was too shamed of himself to remain inside and face the captain and the other members
D. he wanted to kill himself with the rifle

4. By saying "You had better take two bullets with you if you want to do that", the captain actually
meant to say               .

A. "We haven't got so many bullets for you to practice shooting."
B. "You can't improve your shooting with only one bullet."
C. "I don't believe you can keep your hands from shaking this time."
D. "you are such a bad shooter that one bullet is certainly not enough to end you life with."

5. According to this passage, which of the following is wrong?

A. He fired several shots and they all missed the target.
B. The captain wasn't satisfied with Frank and laughed at him.
C. In the big city Frank was admitted to the local rifle club.
D. Frank could have done better in the competition.