Over the last 70 years,researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference.Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes.However,of all the factors,wealth and age are the top two.
Money can buy a degree of happiness.But once you can afford to feed,clothe and house yourself,each extra dollar makes less and less difference.
Researchers find that,on average,wealthier people are happier.But the link between money and happiness is complex.In the past half-century,average income has sharply increased in developed countries,yet happiness levels have remained almost the same.Once your basic needs are met,money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends,neighbors and colleagues.
“Dollars buy status,and status makes people feel better,”conclude some experts,which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways—scientists or actors,for example—may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.
In a research,Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires—not just for money,but for friends,family,job,health—rose furthest beyond what they already had,tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap(差距).Indeed,the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone.“The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income,”says Michalos.
Another factor that has to do with happiness is age.Old age may not be so bad.“Given all the problems of aging,how could the elderly be more satisfied?”asks Professor Laura Carstensen.
In one survey,Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94,and asked them to fill out an emotions questionaire.She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people,but negative emotions much less often.
Why are old people happier?Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it,or they’re more realistic about their goals,only setting ones that they know they can achieve.But Carstensen thinks that with time running out,older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.
“People realize not only what they have,but also that what they have cannot last forever,”she says.“A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85,for example,may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”
小題1:According to the passage,the feeling of happiness______.

A．is determined partly by genes

B．increases gradually with age

C．has little to do with wealth

D．is measured by desires

小題2:Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs______.

A．make them feel much better

B．provide chances to make friends

C．improve their social position

D．satisfy their professional interests

小題3:Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more______.

A．optimistic

B．successful

C．practical

D．emotional

小題4:Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if______.

A．the gap between reality and desire is bigger

B．they have a stronger desire for friendship

C．their income is below their expectation

D．the hope for good health is greater

People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics(失語(yǔ)癥患者).Such patients can be extremely good at something else.From the changing expressions on speakers’ faces and the tones of their voices,they can tell lies from truths.
Doctors studying the human brain have given a number of examples of this amazing power of aphasics.Some have even compared this power to that of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs hidden in the baggage.
Recently,scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true.THEY STUDIED A MIXED GROUP OF PEOPLE.Some were normal;others were aphasics.It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches—in most cases,the normal people were fooled by words,but the aphasics were not.
Some years ago,Dr.Oliver Sacks wrote in his book about his experiences with aphasics.He mentioned a particular case in a hospital.Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on TV.Since the president had been an actor earlier,making a good speech was no problem for him.He was trying to put his feelings into every word of his speech.
But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients.They didn’t seem to believe him.Instead,they burst into laughter.The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he was saying.He was lying!
Many doctors see aphasics as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to understand words.However,according to Dr.Sacks,they are more gifted than normal people.Normal people may get carried away by words.Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better,though they cannot understand words.
小題1:What is so surprising about aphasics?

A．They can fool other people.	B．They can find out the hidden drugs.
C．They can understand language better.	D．They can tell whether people are lying.

小題2:How did the scientists study aphasics?

A．By asking them to watch TV together.

B．By organizing them into acting groups.

C．By comparing them with normal people.

D．By giving them chances to speak on TV.

小題3:What do we learn from this text?

A．What one says reflects how one feels.

B．Aphasics have richer feelings than others.

C．Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.

D．People poor at one thing can be good at another.

On June 5, 1981 the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, U.S. announced the presence of a rare, infectious disease in five American homosexuals(同性戀). Soon doctors were finding similar cases all over the country and the world. The AIDS epidemic(流行病)had officially begun. By 1983 it was clear that AIDS had spread around the world. More than twenty years later, AIDS has left twenty-six million dead and another forty million infected.  AIDS has become the worst medical disaster ever experienced by mankind.
Hundreds of young people between the ages of 20 and 45 died each week during the early years of the U.S. AIDS. More than 600,000 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1981 in the United States, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 900,000 Americans infected with HIV.
Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market. Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and the No. 1 cause of death due to infectious disease.
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first separated in 1983 by a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. That discovery made it possible to develop a test for AIDS and trace back to victims who may have died before doctors were aware of the disease.
However, scientists still don't know exactly how and where AIDS started. Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine(疫苗) and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic.
小題1:It can be inferred from the passage that       
A．a(chǎn)ntiretroviral drugs will be obtained easily all over the world
B．the best way to stop AIDS is to develop a vaccine
B．scientists will soon find a way to cure AIDS
D．there will be fewer AIDS cases in the world in the future
小題2:Which areas are the most worrying places where AIDS spreads quickly? 

A．Africa.

B．Asia.

C．The United States.

D．France.

小題3:The number of AIDS cases has greatly decreased in the United States due to the fact
A．a(chǎn) team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris succeeded in separating HIV
B．some effective medicine has been invented
B．scientists understand AIDS better and better.
D．The rate of HIV infections continue to rise in the United States
小題4:What's the importance of the discovery of the source of AIDS?
A．It can be used to develop a test for AIDS.
B．It can stop HIV forming AIDS.
B．It can reduce the rate of death caused by AIDS.
D．It can help develop a drug to prevent AIDS.

Winter depression (or winter blues) is a common affliction (折磨) for those who live in our northern climate. Its clinical name is seasonal affective disorder (or SAD) and up to 5% of the population (especially in northern states) may suffer from it. Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness and depression that occur in the winter months when the temperatures drop and the days grow short . The depression is often associated with excessive eating or sleeping and weight gain. Women are twice to three times more likely to suffer from the winter blues than men.
There are many effective treatments for winter depression, some of which you can do to help yourself. Increasing your daily exposure to as much natural light as possible can be helpful to many. Any time that you have the opportunity to gain access to more sunlight in the winter months, you should try to do so. Taking walks throughout the day (even if you don’t normally do so), sitting next to a south-facing window at your office, in a classroom, or at home will increase your sunlight exposure. Exercising next to a window or outdoors (when possible) is another activity that can help.
Although it may be difficult to do, maintaining your schedule and lifestyle will help to keep the depression at bay. A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain. It may be helpful, for instance, to have your bedroom lights on a timer to turn on a half-hour before you wake. This may help in waking at a regular time every morning, when it is still dark outside in the winter months.
Light therapy has shown to be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder. While you can purchase expensive, specialized light therapy lighting fixtures for your home or office, some inexpensive alternatives are also available. Another lighting technique to try is to replace commonly used light bulbs in your home with brighter full spectrum (also known as broad spectrum) light bulbs. While more expensive than regular light bulbs, these bulbs provide light that is similar to natural sunlight.
If none of these techniques seem to help your depressive symptoms, you should consider consulting your family physician or a mental health professional. The winter blues are a form of depression and can be readily treated w ith medications or psychotherapy when other self-help methods aren’t effective. Don’t be afraid to talk about this condition with a professional; it’s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. With a little effort, the winter blues can be beaten
小題1: What do we know about winter depression?

A．It is very common where the weather is cold.

B．It may lead to weight gain.

C．It occurs when the temperatures drop.

D．It seldom affects men.

小題2:What is the most important factor in the therapy introduced in the second paragraph?

A．Exposure to natural light.

B．Sports in winter months.

C．Outdoor activities.

D．Sunlight through the window.

小題3:What does “to keep the depression at bay” mean in the third paragraph?

A．To shorten the duration of the depression.

B．To use light to resist the depression.

C．To keep the depression manageable and minimal.

D．To delay the occurrence of the depression.

小題4: For winter depression, light therapy ___________.

A．is much more effective than other kinds of therapy

B．is so expensive that some may not be able to afford it

C．encourages people to do outdoor exercises

D．needs specialized bulbs to replace ordinary ones

小題5:We can infer from the passage that __________.

A．self-help methods do not work 100% of the time

B．medications or psychotherapy is much more effective

C．mental health professionals don’t recommend self- help methods

D．most people prefer self-help methods to medications

健康問(wèn)題一直是生活中的熱點(diǎn)話題。尤其對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和純粹的高跟鞋對(duì)你身體健康的影響嗎？
Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos（細(xì)高跟鞋）.
"It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis（骨關(guān)節(jié)炎）— and once you do, it is too late," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.
"I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said.”They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees.”
The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new — scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained（扭傷）ankles and back problems.
But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage（軟骨）surrounding the knee.
The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.
"This study confirms what we all intuitively（直覺(jué)地）know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
                                                                           
2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
In my opinion, it is similar to smoking, for smoking one cigarette does little harm but if you smoke all your life, it’ll be very painful.
                                                                          
3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（within ten words）
                                                                          
4. What do you think of wearing the chunky heels according to the passage? （within 30 words）
                                                                          
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

Do junk food ads make kids fat? Should they be banned? Based on the evidence, more and more experts say yes. The latest support comes from a group of New Zealand experts who say they've made a link between kids watching television and bad health.
Researchers from the University of Otago in Dunedin studied 1000 children from age 3 to 26．They found that those who watched television more than two hours a day had higher levels of obesity（肥胖）, blood cholesterol（膽固醇）and smoking — as well as lower levels of physical fitness — when they reached adulthood than kids who watched less than two hours a day.  
Why? Partly because while they are watching TV kids aren't getting out, exercising and playing with other kids, and burning off the calories. But more insidiously（不知不覺(jué)地）, while watching TV, they're being shown a lot of ads for drinks and foods of uncertain nutritional value, most of which are full of sugar and fat.
Across the globe, about 155 million kids are obese, according to the International Obesity Task Force. The dangerous thing is not just the well-being of these kids as they grow up, but hundreds of billions of dollars of health costs spent on adults with heart disease, diabetes（糖尿�。�, and the disabilities these disease will cause.
In Australia, two thirds of children are overweight and one third are obese. Twenty years ago, only about ten per cent were obese. And Australia has the greatest amount of junk food ads per hour of television than any other country in the world, including the US and the UK. About 30 per cent of all ads in kids' viewing time are for food or drinks. Most of them are for junk food: burgers, chips, soft drinks and sweets —high in fat, salt or sugar.
Here in Australia, experts are also calling for a ban on TV advertising of junk food to kids. The Coalition on Food Advertising to Children （CFAC） wants to make changes to laws, hoping it can ban all food advertising on TV during the time of the day when children under 12 years old are watching. This includes early and afternoon time, and evening TV between 5 pm and 9 pm.
小題1:From the passage, we can infer that the underlined word “obsess” probably means ______.

A．very strong	B．very weak
C．very confident	D．very fat

小題2:According to the passage, how many hours can kids watch TV a day if they want to be healthier in the future?

A．more than 120 minutes a day	B．less than 120 minutes a day
C．180 minutes or so a day	D．240 minutes or so a day

小題3:______ has the greatest amount of junk food ads per hour of TV?

A．Australia

B．Chinese

C．Canada

D．Germany

小題4:In the author’s opinion, the junk food ads on TV are bad for kids’ health because _______.

A．They are very expensive and harmful	B．They waste a lot of kids’ spare time
C．They persuade kids to eat junk food	D．They are more inviting and interesting

Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence . But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people .
The so-called ‘non-intelligence factors’（非智力因素）include    36     feelings , will , motivation （動(dòng)機(jī)）, interests and habits . After a 30-year follow-up study of 8000 males , American psychologists （心理學(xué)）   37     that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence     38    , but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn , will power and self-confidence .
39    people all know that one should have definite objectives , a strong will and good learning habits , quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to     40    these factors .
Some parents are greatly worried    41     their children fail to do well in their studies . They blame either genetic （遺傳的）factors , malnutrition ,（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良）or laziness , but they never take     42    consideration these non-intelligence factors . At the same time , some teachers don’t inquire into these , as reasons    43     students do poorly . They simply give them more courses and exercises , or     44    criticize or laugh at them . After all , these students lose self-confidence . Some of them just feel defeated and     45    themselves up as hopeless . Others may go astray（迷途）because they are sick of learning .   46     investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were   47      of learning , because of examinations , 36.4 per cent lacked persistence , initiative （主動(dòng)）and consciousness （正直地、謹(jǐn)慎的）and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning .
It is clear    48     the lack of cultivation （培養(yǎng)） of non-intelligence factors has been a main     49    to intelligence development in teenagers . It even causes an imbalance between physiological （生理的）and    50     development among a few students .
If we don’t start now to   51      the cultivation of non-intelligence factors , it will not only affect the development of the   52      of teenagers , but also affect the quality of a whole generation . Some experts have put forward    53     about how to cultivate students’ non-intelligence factors .
First , parents and teachers should    54     understand teenage psychology . On this basis , they can help them to pursue （調(diào)動(dòng)）the objectives of learning ,     55   their interests and toughening their willpower .
36．A．one’s                     B．their                             C．his                         D．her
37．A．came out                B．found out                  C．made out                D．worked out
38．A．in itself                  B．by itself                 C．itself                      D．on its own
39．A．Though                  B．Nevertheless            C．However                D．Moreover
40．A．believing                      B．studying                 C．cultivating              D．developing
41．A．a(chǎn)bout                     B．when                     C．how                       D．whether
42．A．for                        B．in                          C．into                        D．over
43．A．why                             B．that                       C．when                     D．how
44．A．ever                             B．even                      C．still                       D．more
45．A．put                        B．get                         C．handle                   D．give
46．A．The                       B．An                         C．Another                  D．A
47．A．a(chǎn)fraid                    B．a(chǎn)head                     C．a(chǎn)ware                    D．a(chǎn)shamed
48．A．that                       B．how                       C．why                       D．which
49．A．difficulty                      B．question                 C．threat                     D．obstacle(障礙)
50．A．intelligent              B．characteristic          C．psychological         D．physical
51．A．practise                B．thrust                     C．strengthen              D．urge
52．A．intelligence            B．diligence                 C．maturity（成熟）   D．performance
53．A．projects                 B．warnings                C．suggestions             D．decision
54．A．fully                      B．greatly                   C．very                             D．highly
55．A．insuring                 B．going                     C．encouraging           D．exciting

Several years ago, well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even __21__ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival.
Despite the diagnosis(診斷), Cousins was __22__ to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __23__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __24__ of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the __25__ to 1ive have positive treatment value?”
He decided to concentrate on positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would __26__ positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He __27__ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out _28__ emotions. Within eight days of starting his ‘‘laugh therapy” program his pain began to __29__ and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months’ time and _30__ reached complete recovery after a few years.
21. A. run                    B. pass                         C. move                              D. travel
22. A. able                    B. determined              C. willing                               D. positive
23. A. attitudes             B. beliefs                      C. goals                              D. positions
24. A. shortcoming        B. harm                        C. benefit                                   D. interest
25. A. emotion                     B. pain                        C. fear                                D. will
26. A. bring about         B. set about                  C. put up                             D. make up
27. A. afforded                B. appointed                 C. offered                           D. arranged
28. A. positive                     B. approving                 C. strong                             D. mixed
29. A. escape                B. decrease                   C. shrink                             D. end
30. A. generally            B. especially                 C. actually                           D. presently

Cancer Research UK has launched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap stories or share experiences on how to cope with such a disastrous disease．
But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference：it has an information safety net．
This means that a Cancer Research UK team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue “cancer cures’’ or scientifically unreasonable information．
Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat but if people wish to post a message they will need to register．
And Rebekah Gibbs，a cancer patient and star e f TV’S Casualty has voiced her support for the new project．“I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea，’’she said．“I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart-warming response from other people going through the same thing．
“The idea of a Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family．And with Cancer Research UK．monitoring the forum people can be guaranteed the quality of information being exchanged．”
Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer questions on its  CancerHelp UK website which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000  pages of up-to-date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments for different types of cancer and give details of clinical trials．There is also a UK database of cancer clinical trials．
The award-winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research UK hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer Chat forum．
For those who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charity's team of cancer information nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients’ concerns on the phone．
小題1:Cancer Chat is quite different from other forums in that          ．

A．it has the support of a famous TV actress

B．it is a source of reliable information

C．it provides a huge amount of cancer information

D．it attracts a great number of visitors from all over the world each month

小題2:The underlined word “swap’’ in the first paragraph most probably means     ．

A．invent

B．write

C．print

D．exchange

小題3:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Rebekah Gibbs has written a private diary about her breast cancer．

B．CancerHelp UK offers information on cancer treatment and clinical trials．

C．The messages posted on this forum are available to all visitors．

D．People with no computers available can also receive help．

小題4:Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A．A wonderful website CancerHelp UK

B．Come on．Turn to Cancer Research UK

C．Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net

D．A Major Breakthrough in Cancer

It is very important to have healthy teeth. Good teeth help us to chew our food .They also help us to look nice.
How does a tooth go bad? The __51begins in a little crack in the  enamel(琺瑯) covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have__52  there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into the blood, and we may feel quite ill.
How can we keep our teeth__53 ? First, we ought to visit our dentist twice a year. He can fill the small holes in our teeth before they destroy the teeth. He can__53 __54 our teeth to check that they are growing in the right way. __55 , many people wait until they have toothache before they see a dentist. Secondly, we should brush our teeth with a toothbrush and fluoride(氟化物) toothpaste at least__56  a day—once after breakfast and once before we go to bed. We can also use wooden toothpicks to__57between our teeth after a meal. Thirdly, we should eat food that is__58 to our teeth and our body: milk, cheese, fish, brown bread, potatoes, red rice, raw vegetables and fresh fruit. Chocolate, sweets, biscuits and cakes are bad, especially__59 we eat them between meals. They are harmful because they__60 our teeth and cause decay.
51.  A. destruction     B. decay         C. fault        D. hurt 
52.  A. stored          B. collected     C. laid         D. piled 
53.  A. healthy         B. complete      C. effective    D. painless 
54.  A. observe         B. skim          C. watch        D. examine
55.  A. Unexpectedly   B. Certainly small    C.Unfortunately  D. Generally
56.  A. once            B. twice        C. three times  D. four times 
57.  A. drill           B. dig           C. clean        D. explore
58.  A. delicious       B. valuable      C. beneficial   D. meaningful
59.  A. what            B. how          C. whether       D. when 
60.  A. stick to        B. attach to    C. fix on        D. keep to