Seven Health Facts about Coffee
When you’re considering your morning coffee, here are some health facts to keep in mind:
1. Coffee Reduces Your Risk of Diabetes (糖尿病)
In a 2005 review of nine studies, researchers found that for those that drank four to six cups of coffee per day, versus only two or fewer, their risk for Type 2 diabetes decreased by almost 30 percent. The number decreased by 35 percent when people drank more than six cups per day. And if you’re picturing yourself running around the office with your eyes bugging out of your head, no worries because caffeinated and decaffeinated coffees provided much the same results.
2. Coffee Fights Free Radicals (自由基)
We often forget that coffee is actually a plant and like all plant foods, the coffee bean contains more than 1,000 naturally occurring substances called phytochemicals, which may help prevent disease. Many of these phytochemicals are antioxidants which protect the cells from damage from free radicals.
3. Coffee Improves Memory and Cognition
Researchers reported that volunteers who drank caffeinated coffee in the morning performed better than nondrinkers on tests that involved learning new information. Coffee can also improve cognitive function as we age. One study found that combining coffee with a sweet treat had an even bigger impact.
4. Coffee Can Increase Osteoporosis (骨質(zhì)疏松)
It’s true that coffee can cause the body to excrete calcium in urine. We don’t want the body to rid itself of calcium because this can lead to osteoporosis. According to The Diet Channel, about five milligrams of calcium is lost per every six ounces of coffee consumed. But these calcium losses can be counter balanced with two tablespoons of milk or yogurt per cup of coffee.
5. Coffee Causes Wrinkles
Even though coffee has antioxidants, if you drink too much of it, it can cause wrinkling of the skin. This is a result of dehydration (脫水) which is the worst thing for your skin. So when you’re drinking that morning cup or two, make sure that you’re pairing it with water. Even better, add one tablespoon of chia seeds to your water and let them sit for 30 minutes. The chia seeds keep you even more hydrated than regular water.
6. Coffee Can Actually Cause Weight Gain
The blood sugar changes that a caffeine high produces can contribute enormously to a strong desire for it, according to iVillage. Coffee is also socially connected to food. For example, we pair coffee with dessert or that morning powdered doughnut. Additionally, when we crash from our caffeine high that’s when we reach for all sorts of fatty snacks to keep us going.
7. Conventional Coffee Is Laden with Pesticides (殺蟲(chóng)劑)
The coffee plant is one of the most heavily sprayed crops. It’s coated with chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides, nothing you’d want to be swallowing. If you do drink coffee, make sure that it’s the organic variety, free from assorted chemicals that leech into our ground water and can make us sick down the road.
If you switch to decaffeinated coffee, make sure the caffeine (咖啡因) is removed in a natural way without the use of chemicals to do it. Often times, conventional decaffeinated coffee has more chemicals than regular.
小題1:   If you want to decrease the risk of diabetes by 35%, you need to take at least _____ cups of     coffee every day.

A．seven

B．six

C．five

D．four

小題2:If you are a heavy drinker of coffee, a far better way to avoid wrinkling of your skin is to drink water _____.

A．less than usual

B．regularly

C．with sugar

D．with chia seeds

小題3:   Which of the following statements is wrong?

A．Adding two spoons of milk to a cup of coffee can prevent calcium losses.

B．Decaffeinated coffee has different effects from caffeinated coffee as to diabetes.

C．Many phytochemicals protect the cells from damage from free radicals.

D．The organic variety of coffee plant is free from assorted chemicals.

小題4:   The author has a/an _____ attitude towards drinking of coffee.

A．positive

B．negative

C．objective

D．imaginative

It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
小題1:.The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that ____.

A．the time is too short for doctors

B．the patients are often too nervous

C．the damage is extremely hard to fix

D．the blood-cooling machine might break down

小題2:.The brain operation was made possible mainly by ____.

A．taking the blood out of the brain

B．trying the operation on monkeys first

C．having the blood go through a machine

D．lowering the brain’s temperature

小題3:.With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain ____.

A．can last as long as 30 minutes

B．can keep the brain’s blood warm

C．can keep the patient’s brain healthy

D．can help monkeys do different jobs

小題4:. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?
a. send the cooled back to the brain      b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down          d. operate on the brain

A．a(chǎn), b, c, d

B．c, a, b, d

C．c, b, d, a

D．b, c, d, a

Enough sleep is important to health. The amount o f sleep needed depends on the age of the person and the conditions in which sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than the old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.   Some can do with less than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need. It is then a matter of good judgement to satisfy his need. Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his strength and get ready for a day’s
work.
Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. It is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air. When one can keep himself warm, out-of-door sleeping probably gives the body its most complete relaxation(松弛). Ability to sleep is largely a habit . The conditions referred to only lead to sleep. Out-of-door exercises, a good habit of regular hours and the avoidance(避免) of late eating and worry, which are largely within the control of any person, are all helpful to sound sleep.
A bath at bedtime, neither hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleep-producing drug(藥）should never be taken except when suggested by a doctor.
小題1:How many hours are usually enough for the health of a pupil?

A．Less than eight hours.	B．No more than eight hours.
C．Eight hours or so.	D．No less than eight hours.

小題2: Which of the following is helpful to good sleep?

A．Keeping good habits.

B．Staying up late at night.

C．Eating something at bedtime.

D．Forming the habit of taking sleep-producing drug.

小題3: The amount of sleep a person needs has something to do with________.

A．his age	B．his height
C．his weight	D．his character

小題4:Before going to bed, you’d better not_______.

A．take a bath	B．do any housework
C．think a lot	D．go out for relaxation

Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he has sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then, consider this: you might be in a state of sub-health（亞健康）. Sub-health, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline（界限）state between health and disease.
According to the survey by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-healthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.
Symptoms include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, anger, and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.
As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements -- vitamins and other elements that are important to the body.
Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract（消化道）. They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.
小題1:.
According to this passage, which of the following is true?

A．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should stay at home and keep silent.

B．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.

C．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.

D．When you are in a state of sub-health, you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.

小題2:.
. It may be easy for middle-aged people to get sub-healthy because _________.

A．they have used up their energy	B．they have lost their living hopes
C．they have more pressure in life and work	D．they begin to get older

小題3:.
. The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is that you should ________.

A．work hard	B．sleep more
C．form good living habits	D．take more medicine

小題4:.
. The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to _________.

A．a(chǎn)rrange by turns

B．cause to take place

C．keep oneself busy with

D．get tired of

Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss.The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories of loud music or other common sound at home and at work. A person only needs to hear the noise for little mire than one second to be affected.
An American scientist has found that using aspirin (阿斯匹林) increase the temporary (暫時(shí)的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise. He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing. He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability. He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin. The hearing loss was about two times as great.
The scientist said millions of persons in the U.S. use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.
小題1:.
.Doctors have long known that__________.

A．one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise.

B．one may become deaf when he hears a loud noise.

C．loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of the young people only

D．common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear

小題2:.
.One conclusion you can draw from the passage is that aspirin________.

A．makes hearing damage from loud noise worse

B．should never be taken more than four grams

C．can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily

D．a(chǎn)lways increases hearing loss by two times

小題3:.
. The American scientist did his experiment in order to find ________.

A．how much aspirin would affect a person’s hearing

B．how much aspirin should be given in the treatment of the patients with hearing damage from loud noise

C．whether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage from loud noises

D．whether the people who had hearing damage should use aspirin

Some people don’t mind being fat. Other people can keep slim (苗條) without any effort. But a lot of people do put on too much weight and don’t like it. The question is, what can thy do about it?
Some believe exercise can be helpful. But the trouble is that it only makes you want to eat more. You might sweat out a couple of pounds playing tennis or climbing a mountain, but you put it all back on again with a big steak or bread and jam.
A helpful way is food choosing. But what sort of food should you choose? Some believe that the less they eat, the slimmer they will be. They don’t eat anything until they become weak with hunger. Some stick to milk and bananas. You’ll find you need a lot of bananas, and unless you live where they grow, they aren’t cheap. Another says that if you eat things like hard-boiled eggs, and apples with their skins on which are hard for your stomach to digest (消化), the more you eat, the thinner you get. This is because you use up the fat in your body to get the energy to digest the food.
For most of us these methods are too extreme (極端的). The simplest way is just to cut down on the carbohydrates (糖類) that means not eating bread, potatoes, cakes, sugar, rice, and so on and eating anything else you like. It’s straight forward and often quite effective.
Still others like to be more scientific. They are calorie countries. They get a table, which tells them that, for example, 100 grams of roast let of lamb gives you 330 calories and a 50 gram helping of Yokshire pudding gives you 130 calories.
小題1:.
. According to the passage, the best way to keep slim is ______.

A．exercising

B．hunger

C．food-choosing

D．eating milk and bananas

小題2:.
There seems nothing wrong with exercise except that ______.

A．it makes you sweat	B．it’s hard work
C．it tires you out	D．it makes you eat more

小題3:.
. The practical method suggested here means ______.

A．sticking to bananas	B．not eating many carbohydrates
C．eating as little as possible	D．eating things that are hard to digest

小題4:.
. Which of the following do you think is the best title for the passage?

A．Don’t Eat Too Much	B．Various Ways of Losing Weight
C．Ways to Keep Fit	D．Food and Health

There's a lot of discussion these days about healthy kids. People who care (parents, doctors, teachers, and others) want to know how to help kids be more healthy.
Being healthy is a way of saying a person eats well, gets a lot of physical activity (exercise), and has a healthy weight. If you're healthy, your body works well, feels good, and can do all the things you want to do. Here are five rules to live by, if you're a kid who wants to be healthy.
Eat a Variety of Foods, Especially Fruits and Vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but the best choice is to eat a variety. If you eat different foods, you're more likely to get the nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)) your body needs. Taste new foods and old ones you haven't tried for a while. Get at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day — two fruits and three vegetables.
Drink Water and Milk Most Often. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No. 1 for you. Kids need calcium（鈣）to build strong bones, and milk is a great source of this mineral. How much do kids need? Aim for 3 cups of milk per day. You can mix it up by having milk and some other calcium-rich dairy foods .
Be Active.One job you have as a kid — and it's a fun one — is that you get to figure out which activities you like best. Not everyone loves baseball or soccer. Ask your parents to help you do your favorite activities regularly. Find ways to be active every day. You might even write down a list of fun stuff to do, so you can refer to it when your mom or dad says it's time to stop watching TV or playing computer games!
小題1: What’s the best title for this passage?

A．Do Your Favorite Activities Regularly	B．Eat More Fruits and Vegetables Every Day
C．Drink Water and Milk When You Are Thirsty	D．Tips on How to Keep Healthy

小題2: Which of the following can’t show a kid is healthy?

A．Eating well	B．Having too much sleep
C．Having a healthy weight	D．Getting a lot of physical exercise

小題3: The best way to get enough nutrients for your body is ________.

A．to drink milk every day	B．to eat what you haven’t eaten before
C．to eat all kinds of foods	D．to eat fruits and vegetables instead of grains

小題4:The underlined words “this material” in the fourth paragraph refer to _________.

A．calcium

B．calcium-rich dairy food

C．milk

D．nutrients

Dear Students,
Thank you for your interest in helping with the investigation into mumps(腮腺炎) at University of East Anglia(UEA).
Part 1: What will the oral fluid/saliva sample be tested for?
The oral fluid sample you provide will be tested for mumps antibodies and mumps virus. We will not be reporting results back to individual students. The information gathered will be used to guide public health control of mumps. We will update you via emailing the final outcome to acknowledge your contribution. If you think you have mumps, you will still need to see your GP as per routine.
Part 2: What is involved in the investigation?
(1) We will be contacting you by post to request two oral fluid/saliva samples a few weeks apart and possibly a third sample.
(2) We will contact your GP to collect information on your vaccination records.
What if you change your mind and what safeguards are in place?
Participation is voluntary.
You can withdraw anytime without having to give a reason. Withdrawal will not affect your routine care.
As a public health body, the HPA data collection role is strictly governed. All data will be collected and handled in accordance with strict medical confidences.
Part 3: What to do next if you would like to enroll?
All you have to do now is:
(1)Follow the instructions on the box with regards to taking an oral fluid/saliva swab(棉簽).
(2)Complete the request form. If you are unable to complete the vaccination history section, you can leave it blank.
(3)Confirm your consent by signing below.
(4)Send everything (sample form, signed consent and swab sample) back in the prepaid envelope —a stamp is not required.
If you have any queries, please contact Dr. Chee Yung on 0208 327 7603.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
(   ) 小題1:. This passage is written mainly to         .

A．find the virus that leads to mumps	B．raise funds for HPA
C．guide public health control of mumps	D．encourage students to help investigate mumps

(   ) 小題2:. It can be inferred from the passage that GP refers to         .

A．parent

B．doctor

C．colleague

D．classmate

(   )小題3:. According to the passage, the following statements are true EXCEPT that         .

A．a(chǎn)ll the students at University of East Anglia have to take part in the investigation

B．you don’t need to explain why you want to withdraw from the investigation

C．individual students will not be informed of the test results

D．your routine care will not be affected if you withdraw from the investigation

(   ) 小題4:.. The data of the investigation will be         .

A．sent to the GP by the HPA	B．collected by individual students
C．managed according to strict medical confidences	D．strictly secret to the HPA

(   )小題5:. To enroll the investigation, you have to         .

A．complete the vaccination history section of the request form

B．send the sample form, the signed consent and the swab sample back at your own expense

C．do as the instructions on the box about how to take an oral fluid/saliva swab

D．contact Dr. Chee Yung on 0208 327 7603

You'd be forgiven for thinking that running after children each day would leave parents in the best shape of their lives.But a study has found that the mothers and fathers of young children are more unhealthy than their childless peers(同齡人）.
Mothers with young children are heavier and eat more calories and fatty foods,and consume more sugary dinks than chidless women,scientists said.And both sexes are less active than those in their age group without children.
Parents often choose quick,easily preparesd foods that are high in fat and calories,and by choosing these foods they may in turn serve them to their children,forming a cycle of unhealthy diet.
Dr.Berge,one of the study authors,said:“This isn't a study about blame,this is about spotting a very high-risk time period for parents that doctors should be aware of ,so they can offer solutions(解決辦法）.”
According to the study ,mothers ate more fatty foods and drank about seven sugary drinks weekly,equal to about four chidless women.They also had an average of 2,360 calories daily,368 calories more than women without children,With that many calorise,women that age would need to be active to avoid to avoid gaining weight.
Fathers ate about the same amount of daily calories childless men and both had an average boby-mass index(指數(shù)）,but fathersgot less physical activity—about five hours weekly ,compared to almost seven hours among chidless men.
The study has several limitations－there's no data on how many women reccently had babies.Ther's also no information on the number of single parents,who likely face diet and exercise challenges.Sarah Kriger,an American dietician who works with new mothers said some of the mothers may have had postpartum(產(chǎn)后）depression,which might affect their eating and exercise habits.
小題1:What does the author mainly aim to tell us in the passage?

A．Childless couples live a much happier life than those with children.

B．Mothers will be unhealthy because of the postpartum deprdession

C．Couples of young children eat more fatty foods and lead unhealthier lives.

D．Fathers tend to eat high calorie foods because they should run after thrie children.

小題2:The underlined part“in the best shape”in the first paragraph means that a person  .

A．is busy and tires	B．has a most harmonious family
C．enjoys the most happiness	D．is in the most healthy condition

小題3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned about mothers with children?

A．They are less active

B．They eat unhealthy foods

C．They may feel unhappy aftre having babies

D．They may lose their jobs aftre having babies

小題4:What Dr.Berge says in Paragraph 4 suggests that    .

A．Parents should pay more attention to their chidren

B．doctors should do something with parents'high-risk time period

C．the study has drawn attention of doctors and young parents

D．parents should not be blamde for having an unhealthy lifestyle

小題5:We can learn from the last paragraph that      .

A．the result of the study result in aan unscientific way

B．the study was carried out in an unscientific way

C．single mothers are surely facing quyite different situation

D．postpartum depression will help mothers to lead a healthier lirf

Doctors’ moonlighting is becoming popular in hospitals around China. It has not only raised a lot of heated discussions in the media, but also caught the attention of the central government in Beijing.
On December 26, a spokesman of the Ministry of Health stressed that the ministry was firmly against doctors’ moonlighting, while strict regulations should be applied to doctors taking part-time jobs, the Xinhua News Agency reported.
Last year, the Ministry sent out a notice to a variety of health organizations to speed up the reform of their personnel （人事） system. According to the notice, medical organizations can hire medical experts as part-time doctors but such activities should take place under the hospital’s management and regulations（規(guī)定）.
As for moonlighting--meaning that the doctor provides medical service without the permission of the original hospital--such activity goes against China’s Practicing Doctor Law, Xinhua reported.
In China, doctors used to be controlled by hospitals and they could work for only one hospital. However, as China’s medical personnel system reform developed, it has been recognized that medical human resources, just like human resources in other areas, should be shared by the whole society. But on the other hand, doctors’ taking part-time jobs should follow the relative regulations applied in the medical field.
First of all, they should follow relative government laws and regulations. They should also follow the rules and regulations set by the medical organizations they work for. In addition, they should pay taxes for their income from the part-time jobs. What matters most is that they should first finish their regular jobs as required and be responsible for patients to ensure qualified and safe medical treatment.
小題1:
What is the greatest difference between moonlighting and taking part-time jobs?

A．Doctors can earn more money by moonlighting than by taking part-time jobs.

B．Doctors pay fewer taxes for the money made by moonlighting than by taking part-time jobs.

C．Taking part-time jobs is permitted by hospitals while moonlighting is-against the present regulations.

D．Doctor’s part-time jobs, instead of moonlighting, are encouraged by health organizations.

小題2:
From this passage we know that doctors are allowed to        nowadays.

A．only work for one hospital	B．work for more than one hospital
C．work any time when they are free	D．be out of control of hospitals

小題3:
The passage is taken most probably from           .

A．a(chǎn) notice sent out by the Ministry of Health

B．regulations made by health organizations

C．China’s Practicing Doctor Law

D．a(chǎn) magazine or a newspaper

小題4:
According to the passage, we have got to know that         .

A．a(chǎn)ll doctors around China prefer moonlighting to part-time jobs

B．moonlighting has been permitted by China’s practicing Doctor Law

C．taxes should be paid for the money doctors get from their part-time jobs

D．strict management policies have been adopted to direct the moonlighting