What is TOVIAZ?
TOVIAZ is a medicine used in adults to treat the symptoms of a condition called overactive bladder（膀胱）.
Who is TOVIAZ for?
Adults 18 years older with symptoms of overactive bladder.
Don’t take TOVIAZ if you:
★ Your stomach empties slowly.
★ Have eye problems.
★ Are allergic to any ingredients of TOVIAZ.
Possible side effects of TOVIAZ
★ Dry mouth.
★ Constipation
★ Dry eyes.
★ Trouble empting the bladder
These aren’t all possible side effects of TOVIAZ. For a complete list, ask your doctor.
How to take TOVIAZ:
★ Your doctor may give you the lower 4mg dose of TOVIAZ if you have severe kidney problem.
★ Take TOVIAZ with liquid and swallow the tablet whole. Do not chew, divide or crush the tablet.
★ You can take TOVIAZ with or without food.
★ If you miss a dose of TOVIAZ, start taking it again the next day.
Things you should keep in mind when taking TOVIAZ:
★ Decreased sweating and severe heat illness can occur when medicines such as TOVIAZ are used in hot environments.
★ Drinking alcohol while taking TOVIAZ may cause increased sleepiness.
小題1:
What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To show the importance of taking proper medicine.

B．To present a report on a scientific research.

C．To give information about a kind of medicine.

D．To teach patients ways of recovery from illness.

小題2:
The main function of TOVIAZ is to treat__________.

A．kidney problem

B．stomach problem

C．dry mouth or eyes

D．overactive bladder

小題3:
What can be inferred from the passage?

A．There are only four possible side effects of TOVIAZ.

B．It’s suggested that TOVIAZ be used for adults 18 years older.

C．Don’t take TOVIAZ if you are allergic to its ingredient.

D．You may feel excited while eating TOVIAZ with alcohol.

小題4:
Which of the statements about taking TOVIAZ is TRUE?

A．If you miss a dose of, do take it right away on the same day.

B．It’s OK to take it with food or without food.

C．Chew the tablet well before you swallow it.

D．Use TOVIAZ in hot environment to cure heat illness.

Making greener choices and encouraging healthy lifestyles can promote your health and benefit the environment．Here are some guidelines to follow:
Choose foods thoughtfully
Americans have never had such a variety or abundance of food to choose from．Besides so many choices, we now hear about our "food print", the amount of land needed to supply one person's nutritional needs for a year．Do we buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico or tomatoes grown locally in a hothouse? Do．we get the Granny Smiths from the fanners' market or the supermarket? Is organic produce healthier for us and the planet?
These are very complex issues that require analysis of many criteria, including the energy used in producing and transporting the food, as well as the type of soil and methods of raising the food．
Despite the complexities, there are some general guidelines you can follow．For instance, eat less meat or eat low on the food chain．Your doctor may have recommended you to restrict your consume red meat because of its too much fat content．Beyond that, there are environmental reasons, too. Raise food animals contributes substantially to climate change because a meat-based diet requires more land, energy and water than a plant - based one．
Drinking plenty of fluids is significant during hot weather or when exercising．But is bottled water the way to go? You may not think so when seeing the true costs．Based on a survey, manufacturing the 30 - plus billion plastic water bottles can produce more than 2．5 million tons of carbon dioxide and use here times the amount of water in the bottle．Adding in transportation, the energy used comes to over 50 million barrels of oil equivalent （等價(jià)物）．Consequently, skip the bottled water and drink tap water, both at home and at restaurants．Additionally, bottled water is not necessarily cleaner than tap.
小題1:In Paragraph 2 the author puts forward three questions mainly _____．

A．to prove Americans have less food to choose from

B．to show us the shopping habits of most Americans

C．to indicate Americans tend to buy food from abroad

D．to remind people to reconsider their food purchase

小題2:The doctor recommends eating less red meat partly because _____．

A．it contains too much fat	B．it costs a lot in transportation
C．it is too low on the food chain	D．it isn't related to climate change

小題3:According to the text, which of the following is true?

A．Americans all prefer to buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico．

B．The plant - based diet is responsible for the climate change．

C．Americans have a variety of food to choose from．

D．Organic produce is the only choice for Americans．

小題4:Based on the last paragraph, we know that _____．

A．bottled water is cleaner than tap water

B．tap water is economical as well as eco - friendly

C．bottled water is more available than tap water

D．tap water uses one - third the cost of bottled water

小題5:What is the best subtitle for the last paragraph?

A．Skip bottled water, carry tap	B．Drink bottled water
C．Produce plastic water bottles	D．Save water resources

Bend over, take a deep breath and drink some water! This is just one of the hundreds of tips you might get if you have the hiccups(打嗝). Hiccups are so mysterious. We really don’t know why they start and why they stop.
Everyone has a favorite cure for a case of the hiccups. Some people think that a good scare is necessary to get well. Others eat a teaspoon of sugar. Still others drink a glass of water with a knife in it.
An American man named Jack O’Leary claimed to have hiccupped 160 million times over a period of eight years. He tried 60,000 cures, but none of them worked. Finally he prayed to Saint Jude, the saint of Hopeless cases, and his hiccupping stopped immediately.
It took a British plumber eight months to cure his hiccups. People from all over the world wrote him letters with suggestions for getting well. He tried them all, but the hiccups continued. Finally, he drank a “secret’’mixture someone had sent him. By that evening his hiccups were gone. Why did these cures work for these two men? No one really knows. But people who have studied many cases of hiccups have an idea. Hiccups usually go away if you believe in the cure.
小題1:
________might be the best cure for hiccups.

A．Special pills

B．A spoonful of salt

C．Cold water

D．What you believe in

小題2:
The plumber spent________in stopping his hiccups.

A．4 hours

B．2 days

C．8 months

D．8 years

小題3:
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．We know why the hiccups start, but we don’t know how to stop them.

B．Saint Jude is an expert in curing the hiccups.

C．The British plumber drank a secret mixture given by an experienced doctor and then became well.

D．Some people think that a good scare is a cure for a case of hiccups.

小題4:
What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Different ways to stop hiccups	B．What makes hiccups happen
C．How to get hiccups	D．Jack O’Leary’s hiccups

Exercise is an important part of a healthy life. It reduces your risk of heart attack and is a good way to control body weight. It is also something you can do with other people, which can be great fun. So, it is important to find time to exercise and be healthier. As well as making time to exercises, another way is to build it into the natural rhythm (節(jié)奏) of your day.
· Go for a walk on your lunch break.
Try to find at least three different ways and change them throughout the week. It
might even be possible to find a place to walk inside, for those bad weather days.
· Talk to your employers about improving health at work.
Encourage your workers to cycle to and from work. You might also be able to
encourage them to set up a gymnasium. Sell the idea by pointing out that doing so
will improve productivity (生產(chǎn)率), and make workers happy.
· If you are a student.
Go for walks with friends to talk about your studies. Spend some time in the learning
resource centre reading about sport, exercise and health. The more you know, the
more choices you will have about how to be physically active. Most colleges have
sport and exercise programs that students can take part in. Find out which activities
are being held, and try those you think you might enjoy. 
小題1:
Workers are advised to cycle to and from work to ________.

A．make themselves realize the importance of health

B．work better and bring pleasure to themselves

C．make themselves become much stronger

D．reduce the time spent in walking to work

小題2:
When a student wants to do exercise at school, he or she had better ________.

A．take part in all the exercise programs

B．have sports with friends or classmates

C．choose the one that he or she likes

D．choose the same one all the time

小題3:
We can learn from the passage that ________.

A．walk is most suitable for those who work indoors

B．one who knows more about health will be healthier

C．exercising with others will be better for one’s health

D．combining exercise with daily work can save time to keep healthy

There are many commonly held beliefs about eyeglasses and eyesight that are not proved facts. For example, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weaken the eyes. But there is nothing to show that the structure (結(jié)構(gòu)) of eyes is changed by wearing galsses at a young age. Wearing the wrong galsses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that only children can develop loss of sihgt if they have the wrong glasses. We have all heard some of the common myths(荒誕的說(shuō)法)about how eyesight get bad. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained (過(guò)勞). Eyestrain also resulsts from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. But, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not harm eyesight all the time. Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced from one person to another . It is quite difficult to connect aneyeball to a new brain.And it is impossible to replace a whole eyeball to a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced now. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, some day it may be possible to replace a full eyeball.
小題1:
One cause of eyestrain mentioned in the passage is ____.        .

A．wearing eyeglasses too long	B．going to the cinemas
C．reading a lot	D．not visiting your eye doctor

小題2:
.From this passage one can conclude that    ____.   .

A．doctors are still learning things about eyesight	B．headcaches are usually caused by eyestain
C．people should wear glasses as soon as possible	D．people only believe things that are proved facts

小題3:
"Commonly held beliefs" are ____.       .

A．ideas that only low class people believe	B．ideas that moet people believe
C．beliefs that have something in common	D．foolish beliefs

小題4:
This passage mainly tells us that ____.

A．people have many wrong beliefs about eyes and sight.

B．there are many things about the body that are not completely understood

C．there are several cuases of eyestrain

D．eyes are very important to people

Bruce Alberts, the former President of the National Academies (USA), has now taken over as Editor-in Chief of Science. Judging by his editorial in this week’s issue Considering Science Education there could be some interesting times ahead in Science offices.
Here’s part of what Bruce has to say about science education…
I consider science education to be critically important to both science and the world, and I shall frequently deal with this topic on this page. Let’s start with a big-picture view. Science has greatly advanced our understanding of the natural world and has enabled the creation of countless medicines and useful devices. It has also led to behaviors that have improved lives. The public appreciates these practical benefits of science, and science and scientists are generally respected, even by those who are not familiar with how science works or what exactly it has discovered.
But society may less appreciate the advantage of having everyone acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that are central to practice of successful science: scientific habits of mind. These habits include a critical attitude toward established claims and a strong desire for logic and evidence. As famous astronomer Carl Sagan put it, science is our best detector (檢測(cè)器). Individuals and societies clearly need a means to logically test the constant clever attempts to operate our purchasing and political decisions. They also need to challenge what is unreasonable, including the intolerance that led to so many regional and global conflicts.
So how does this relate of science education? Might it be possible to encourage, across the world, scientific habits of mind, so as to create more rational (理性的) societies everywhere? In principle, a strong expansion of science education could provide the world with such an opportunity, but only if scientists, educators, and policy-makers redefine (重新定義) the goals of science education, beginning with college-level teaching. Rather than only conveying what science has discovered about the natural world, as is done now in most countries, we should provide first all students with the knowledge and practice of how to think like a scientist.
小題1: Which of the following is NOT included in the “scientific habits of mind”?

A．A critical attitude toward established claims.	B．A strong desire for logic.
C．A clever and active mind.	D．A strong desire for evidence.

小題2: What does the underlined phrase “such an opportunity” refer to in the last paragraph?

A．To create more rational societies everywhere.

B．To relate decision-making to science education.

C．To encourage science education around the world.

D．To set right goals of science education.

小題3:In Bruce Alberts’ opinion, which is the most important in science education?

A．Offering all students enough practice to drill their mind.

B．Equipping all students with a thinking model of a scientist.

C．Telling students what science has discovered about the natural world.

D．Advising all students to challenge all established scientific achievements.

小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A．Bruce Alberts, a great science educator

B．Science education and world peace

C．The government and science education

D．Bruce Alberts’ opinion on science education

Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, gentically mondified (GM, 轉(zhuǎn)基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would ,is it the best solutiorr?
Despite what it promiises,GM  technology actually has not increased the production potential    of any corp. In fact
Studies show that the most  crown GM croo.
GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on mojor GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.
Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（殺蟲(chóng)劑）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The  promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition.
At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.
As a matter of fact ,scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.
小題1:The author develops the second paragraph mainly       .            

A．by classification	B．by comparison
C．by example	D．by process

小題2:What does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean?

A．Control.

B．Evaluate

C．Obtain.

D．Increase.

小題3: GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______________.   

A．practicing “green” farming	B．use of less chemicals
C．fair distribution of their crops	D．using more crops for fuel

小題4:Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?

A．Optimistic

B．Defensive

C．Disapproving

D．Casual

Many grown-ups worry that spending too much time playing video games isn’t good for a kid’s health. But some doctors have noticed that kids who bring their game players to the hospital seem less worried about being there. They also seem to feel less pain when they are giving all their attention on a car race or other games.
At a children’s center in Baltimore, Maryland, young kids are finding hospital visits easier to deal with, thanks to a test program called HOPE. Patients in HOPE have a life-threatening condition where their kidneys(腎) no longer get rid of wastes from their blood. To get their blood cleaned, these kids must use the dialysis (透析) machines at the hospital three times a week, for at least three hours each time. HOPE allows kids to play Internet sports, racing, and other games with each other. They will be able to connect with kids in other hospitals who have the same problem. “We want to use the Internet to bring together kids who are ill, and let them know they are not alone,” said Arun Mathews, the doctor of the program. He loved video games himself and got the idea to connect kids all over the country.
Many researchers elsewhere are testing video programs that might help young patients. For example, nine-year-old Ben Duskin of San Francisco, California, who was struggling with cancer helped to design a video game where players got rid of cancer cells.
That’s all great news, because doctors already know that reducing pain and worry helps patients heal(痊愈) faster.
小題1:
According to the passage, the sick kids may feel less pain when they _________.

A．use the dialysis machines	B．a(chǎn)re in a car race
C．a(chǎn)re playing video games	D．stay alone with illness

小題2:
HOPE allows the sick kids to play Internet games in order to _________.

A．encourage them to fight against the illness	B．get rid of their pain and worry
C．let the kids make more friends	D．bring the kids in the country together

小題3:
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Grown-ups all think video games are bad for kids’ health.

B．Some doctors think video games may help the sick kids reduce pain.

C．The HOPE is a famous organization all over the world.

D．Arun Mathews is against the testing program.

小題4:
Which can be the best title for the passage?

A．Video Games Are Bad for Health	B．Video Games May Help Reduce Pain
C．A Famous American Organization	D．HOPE Allows Kids to Play Online Games

I know what you’re thinking : pizza （比薩餅）? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a. m. if you want to
I know lots of women who skip breakfast （不吃早餐）, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they don’t have time,others think they’re “saving” calories （卡路里）, and still others just don’t like breakfast food .
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking , R , D , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southem California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it,and then you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
小題1: The underlined word “l(fā)eftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means__________.

A．food remaining after a meal	B．things left undone
C．meals made of vegetables	D．pizza topped with fruit

小題2: What can we infer from the text?

A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.

B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.

C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.

D．Eating vegetables helps save energy.

小題3: According to the last paragraph, it is important to____________.

A．eat something for breakfast	B．be careful about what you eat
C．heat up food before eating it	D．eat calorie-controlled food

小題4:The text is written mainly for those_____________.

A．who go to work early	B．who want to lose weight
C．who stay up late	D．who eat before sleep

The rising costs of health care have become a problem for man y countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the state health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankruptif the patients had taken ways for early prevention. For example, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and trying to have enough vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
　　One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.    
However, paying more attention to disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
小題1:What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Prevention or Education?	B．Exercise or Illness?
C．Health or Illness?	D．Prevention or Treatment?

小題2:Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt”?

A．Unable to be cured.	B．Unable to pay one’s debts.
C．Stronger than ever before.	D．More successful than ever before.

小題3:We learn from the passage that ______．

A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases.

B．a(chǎn) balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise.

C．the more health education, the better.

D．the government’s health budget should be increased.

小題4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?