What could be cuter than your puppy giving his doggy friend a kiss on the nose? Nothing，really．But is your dog actually planting a kiss on his friend? Yes，but that’s only one of the reasons your dog may lick another dog’s nose．Here are some other reasons why your dog may lick another dog’s nose．  
During an introduction，a shy and lower-ranking dog will lower his head，avoid direct eye contact and gently extend his tongue to lick the nose of a more confident and high-ranking dog．The first dog licks the nose of the second dog to simply make it know that：he comes in peace．   
Dogs who are already friends will also trade kisses．Two strongly bonded dog pals will lick and clean each other．They give each other “dog kisses” showing friendship．
Puppies also “kiss” their mothers，but it's not a gesture of love．When puppies stop suckling(吸吮)their mothers’ tits for milk and start to eat semisolid(半固體)food instead；they lick their mothers’ mouths and noses in the hope of getting the mother to regurgitate(反哺) some semi-digested food．
So how to help your bashful dog make friends with other dogs? You can carefully select confident-but-friendly and good-tempered dogs to play with your shy dog，to help him develop his social skills．Also consider taking him to a special training class that focuses on socialization and positive training technique．
Do not disturb them when your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other．Sit back and enjoy this display of friendship．Then call them over and have them do a command such as “sit’’ or “shake paws”．Offer them treats as a reward for being good to each other．
If you foster(收養(yǎng))a dog and have three or more resident dogs，introduce the foster dog to your brood dog one at a time and let muzzle licking between them happen naturally．Start with your least reactive or most friendly dog．Never force an in production between the dogs because this can deepen the foster dog’s submissiveness or spark a fight．
小題1:We know a shy and lower—ranking dog licks the nose of a higher-ranking dog to        ．

A．a(chǎn)sk the dog for help	B．show he is friendly
C．show his anger	D．show his respect for him

小題2:What can we know about two dogs who are already friends?

A．They seldom give each other kisses．

B．They usually avoid direct eye contact．

C．They like keeping their friendship a secret．

D．They show their friendship by “dog kisses”．

小題3:What does the underlined word “bashful” in Paragraphs 5 mean?

A．Shy．

B．Honest．

C．Lovely．

D．Little．

小題4:What should you do if your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other?

A．Ask them to stay away from each other immediately．

B．Ask them to shake tails．

C．Ask them to have a fight．

D．Give them a reward for being friends．

小題5:The writer wrote this passage to_________．

A．tell us about a study he did recently

B．explain why a dog kisses other dogs

C．tell us how to raise dogs

D．help us to make friends with dogs.

Some people can stay up all night and still get work done the next day.I'm not one of them.After a night without enough sleep, I feel bad?tempered.I have trouble remembering things.And all I want to do is to crawl into bed and sleep.
How do you feel after you've stayed up late to finish schoolwork? Or the day after an overnight party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes.
New research suggests that a gene called “period 3” affects how well you function without sleep.The “period 3” gene comes in two forms：short and long.Everyone has two copies of the gene.So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each.Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you.
Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of “period 3”．Study participants had to stay awake 40 hours straight.Then，they took tests that measured  how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed on screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers.
Results showed that the people with the short form of “period 3” performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did.In both groups，people performed worst in the early morning.
After the first round of experiments，participants were finally allowed to sleep.People in the group that performed well on the tests (those with the short form of “period 3”) took about 18 minutes to nod off.
People with the long “period 3” gene, by contrast, fell asleep in just 8 minutes.They also spent more time on deep sleep.That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working in top form.
I think I must have the long form of“period 3”．What about you?
小題1:The purpose of this passage might be________.

A．to tell us the importance of plenty of sleep

B．to tell the result of a research on sleepy gene

C．to inform the harm of lacking sleep

D．to announce the sleeping rules of humans

小題2:Which of the following decides how well you perform without sleep?

A．One short form.

B．One long copy.

C．One short and two long copies.

D．Period 3.

小題3:What kind of people need less sleep according to the research?

A．Those with two long copies of the gene.

B．Those with two short copies of the gene.

C．Those with one short and one long copy of the gene.

D．Those with three short copies of the gene.

小題4:If one lacks enough sleep，one should avoid doing important or dangerous things ________.

A．a(chǎn)t dawn	B．a(chǎn)t night
C．in the afternoon	D．a(chǎn)t noon

On this Christmas Day I had the wonderful opportunity to see the true spirit of Christmas.
My big family always  ____ presents together at the start of the New Year and have done so in this way for more than 40 years. Since the beginning, my grandfather and grandmother have ____ their children and cousins on this day in their small farmhouse.
With 13 ____ and uncles and more than 30 cousins in this group, there were usually more than 50 people in the room to exchange gifts. Because of the activity, the flying wrapping paper, so many people and the limited space of a 65-year-old farmhouse living room, most of the individual moments went ____.
My nephew, Jack (9 year old), who was walking by my 5-year-old cousin, Seth, in the Christmas chaos, noticed that Seth was crying. Jack ____ to ask him what was wrong and why he was crying. Seth ____ that he didn’t receive any toys!
Almost without _____, Jack looked down to the only two toys he had received, and _____ Seth with his best toy! He said, “Here, you can have this one. I don’t have to have it. I have other toys I can play with at home.”
Tears were welling up in my eyes! I was moved by this huge act of _____. I was so _____ of my nephew and what he had done when he thought no one else was looking.
I gave him a huge _____ and told him that he had demonstrated(演示) the true _____ of Christmas!

小題1:	A．choose B．exchange C．return D．borrow

小題2:	A．entertained B．celebrated C．praised D．a(chǎn)dvertised

小題3:	A．leaders B．guides C．a(chǎn)unts D．partners

小題4:	A．undoubted B．unnoticed C．unfinished D．unchanged

小題5:	A．changed B．forgot C．stepped D．stopped

小題6:	A．reacted B．responded C．a(chǎn)pplauded D．disturbed

小題7:	A．smile B．gesture C．happiness D．thought

小題8:	A．introduced B．produced C．described D．presented

小題9:	A．kindness B．honesty C．courage D．strength

小題10:

A．a(chǎn)ware B．proud C．certain D．a(chǎn)shamed

小題11:

A．duty B．pain C．hug D．pity

小題12:

A．meaning B．feeling C．ending D．greeting

Millions of kids in the United States attend some kind of camp each summer. Some go to sleep-away camp for weeks, while others attend day camp in their hometowns. There is one thing all those camps have in common, though. More than nine out of 10 kids said camp helped them make new friends and feel better about themselves.
__________________
What else do kids get out of camp? Plenty!
Kids who want to be stars on the football field or basketball court have their choice of a variety of summer camps. Some, such as the Let Me Play sessions offered by Nike, are free and provide a few hours of instruction by professional athletes. Other summer sports camp opportunities are offered by professional teams or university athletic departments. Players and coaches usually lead those camps, teaching basic skills as well as teamwork and good sports behavior.
Open up to fun
It’s easy to be yourself if you have something in common with your fellow campers, even when that something is a disease.
A journal entry by one camper describes the camp’s high ropes course as a symbol of everyone there and the challenges they face. “Climbing it and going through that struggle to get up and push yourself is like getting through the sickness we all were faced with at some point,” she writes. There is another reward that comes once climbers reach the top of the ropes course and hear the words “good job” from their fellow campers. It is, “in a way, coming close to being cured. Even if we aren’t, it felt like it,” the camper says.
Healthy benefits
There are also health and wellness camps for kids who don’t have any illnesses. For Erin H. of Oklahoma, the first thoughts she had about going to a weight-loss camp were that it would be embarrassing and a waste of time. But as soon as she arrived at Wellspring Adventure Camp, she knew it would be awesome. “I had the most fun ever!” says Erin, who liked Wellspring so much. She stayed for eight weeks instead of the four weeks she’d originally agreed to. “This camp has helped improve my self-respect 100 percent, and I’m no longer self-conscious.”
小題1:The first paragraph serves as _________.

A．conclusion	B．definition (下定義)
C．background	D．comment (評論)

小題2:What is suitable phrase for the blank in the passage?

A．Setting a goal	B．Developing an ability
C．Killing time	D．Forming a habit

小題3:The author mentioned the example of high ropes course to prove_______.

A．it was an effective way to cure campers’ illness

B．it had campers know the difficulty to fight against illness

C．it made campers realize the importance of health

D．it helped campers feel better about their illness

小題4:From the last paragraph, we know that Erin___________.

A．gained a lot from the weight-loss camp

B．stayed in the weight-loss camp for four weeks

C．thought taking part in the weight-loss camp was useless

D．felt embarrassed about her appearance now

小題5:The purpose of writing this passage is to ____________.

A．give advice on how to choose a suitable camp

B．compare sleep-away camps and day camps

C．a(chǎn)dvertise for some famous summer camps

D．introduce the benefits of going to a camp

From Japan to Indonesia, a certain kind of pop culture is very hot. But it doesn’t come from Hollywood—it’s Hallyu(韓流), the wave of Korean pop culture that has washed over Asia. It has influenced everything from music to television. And thanks to the Internet and social media, it’s now spreading worldwide.
South Korea produces all types of entertainment, the most popular being music, soap operas and films. What makes Hallyu so hot in Asia? One reason is that its products are of high quality and much cheaper than western products. Another reason is that eastern cultures are similar to each other, although there are language differences.
Korean pop music, or “K-pop”, ranks the first everywhere. Fans love the songs and the attractive stars. Companies like SM Entertainment, JYP Entertainment and YG Entertainment help many K-pop stars, such as Super Junior, Big Bang and Rain, to succeed. They are not only popular in Asia but also enjoy popularity in the West. In 2011, Big Bang’s mini-album Tonight reached the top 10 on U.S. Tunes Top Pop Albums. When SM Entertainment took their 2010 world tour to Los Angeles, only 30 percent of the 15,000 fans were Korean. Half of the audience wasn’t even Asian!
One important reason for the success of Hallyu is simply the Internet. A little more than 10 years ago, Korean soap operas, movies and music reached the outside world quite slowly. They began in Korea, and then gradually spread outward, appearing in its neighboring countries where local TV and radio companies would play them. Now they are played around the world online at the same time.
YouTube is another major way to get Korean entertainment to fans everywhere. It is an inexpensive and valid way for artists to introduce their work to a larger audience. In 2010 the YouTube channels for the top three Korean entertainment groups together had nearly 800 million views from 225 different countries.
小題1:Hallyu is very hot in Asia partly because________.

A．languages in Asia are similar to each other

B．the culture is the most fashionable in the world

C．South Korea’s products are the cheapest in Asia

D．the quality of South Korea’s products is high

小題2:The author shows the popularity of K-pop in the West_______.

A．by giving examples

B．in order of space

C．by listing reasons

D．in order of time

小題3:The last two paragraphs mainly tell us________.

A．how important the Internet is

B．Hallyu is popular worldwide

C．the Internet helps Hallyu spread quickly

D．how popular and effective YouTube is

小題4:What does the underlined word valid (in Para. 5) mean?

A．slow	B．useless
C．successful	D．necessary

小題5:What would be the best title for the passage?

A．K-pop Ranks the First Everywhere

B．Hallyu Makes Waves across the World

C．YouTube Helps Korean Cultures Spread

D．Korean Soap Operas Are Growing in Popularity

The fact that blind people can see things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us understand our feeling about color. If they sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color without knowing it.
Salesmen have discovered by experience over a long period of time that sugar sells badly in green wrappings（包裝）， that blue foods are considered not agreeable to the taste, and that cosmetics（化妝品） should never be packed in brown. Their discoveries have grown into a whole subject of color psychology（心理學(xué)）。 Some of our preferences（偏愛） for colors are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore connected with calm, while yellow is a day color connected with energy and encouragement. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because they are connected with psychology, also have a direct effect on people’s mind. People in bright red surroundings show an increase in breathing speed, heartbeat and blood pressure; red is exciting. Pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Being exciting, red was chosen as the signal for danger, but a close study shows that a bright yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm, so fire engines in some advanced areas are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop buses, trucks and cars.
小題1:. The passage tells us that salesmen have __________.

A．discovered the relationship between color and psychology

B．tried out colors on blind people

C．found out that color affect sales

D．developed a special subject of color psychology

小題2:. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A．what color we prefer depends on our state of mind

B．foods sell well in green or blue wrappings

C．blind people cannot sense color difference

D．a(chǎn) bright yellow has exactly the opposite effect to red

小題3:. If people are exposed to（置身于） pure blue, _________.

A．their blood pressure rises

B．they want to taste blue foods

C．they will feel like buying things

D．they won’t easily feel nervous

小題4:. Which of the following do you think is the best title of the passage?

A．Colors and sales	B．Colors and feelings
C．The blind and colors	D．Preferences for colors

Some people in Manchester, Britain, will soon be paying for goods and services with so-called “smart” credit cards. These cards are more secure than the traditional magnetic-strip version and can be used to travel on buses, check bank accounts and do shopping.
The Manchester project is one of the biggest smart card schemes in the world. Every time people use the cards on a bus or train, the fare is deducted (reduced) from the value of the card. When they have no credit left, the cards can be recharged at a local shop.
A smart card looks just like a normal plastic card but it has a silicon chip in it. It is possible for the same silicon chip to perform a number of different functions, so one plastic card in your pocket could do a large number of different jobs. The card has much more memory space than a magnetic-strip card, so many more things can be recorded on it.There are two types of smart cards. One is the contact card which is used in the same way as a magnetic-strip card.
Information is transferred by running the card through a narrow opening in an electronic reader. In the slot, electronic probes make contact with the magnetic-strip or silicon ship and read the information. The other type is the contactless smart card where the electronic reader communicates with the card by short-range radio waves. This makes the card quicker and more convenient to use because it does not have to leave your wallet.  It is also more reliable as it is not easily influenced by scratches or dirt. However, the biggest advantage that smart cards have over magnetic-strip cards is that they are more secure. They are much more difficult to make than conventional cards and they have to be made by specially trained manufacturers. In addition, they have a large number of extra security features on them and if a smart card gets lost or stolen a quick phone-call to the distributor ensures that its individual number is made invalid and unreadable. This can be done more quickly than with a magnetic-strip card.
小題1:A smart credit card can do many kinds of jobs because ____ .

A．it is smart	B．it is a plastic card
C．it has a silicon chip in it	D．it can be recharged

小題2:“ The cards can be recharged” means that ____ .

A．the card can be put into a new charge of electricity

B．the cards can be changed into new ones

C．the cards can be put to use again

D．the cards can be recycled

小題3:What are the advantages of smart credit cards over traditional ones?

A．they can store more information	B．they are more secure
C．they are more convenient to use	D．a(chǎn)ll of the above

小題4:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Contactless cards are more convenient to use than contact ones

B．Smart cards are more expensive to manufacturer

C．By means of long-range radio waves contactless cards can communicate with the electronic reader

D．A smart credit card and a normal plastic card are the same thing

A newspaper reporter’s job can be very interesting．He meets all types of people and lives quite a busy life．He is on the rush for news all the time，then after several years he may get a desk job，and life becomes a bit more settled．Let’s look at his work a little more closely．In a day he may have to interview the prime minister of a foreign country, and the next day he may be writing about a football match．Sometimes he may be so busy that he hardly has any time to sleep．And at other times he may go on for days looking out for news materials yet return empty—handed．
In the beginning，a reporter has to cover a very wide field．After the early years he becomes more specialized in his work．For example，he may finaliy be asked to write only on court cases or politics or sports．Some reporters may become so specialized that they are asked only to write on a special thing：horse racing，for example．In most newspaper houses there is at least one special racing correspondent．Some newspapers have book reviews. Their job is delightful．They read the latest book and then write reviews on the ones they like．Then there are those who write on fdms，so they get to see them even before they are shown in the cinema．How lucky, you would say!
A reporter’s job can also be very dangerous．If there is a flood or a riot(暴亂)they may get hurt or even be killed．Three years ago there was a reporter whose camera was destroyed by a group of men，because they were angry with him for taking their picture．Dangerous or not，one thing is certain，and that is，their job is never dull!
小題1: The underlined words“on the rush”in the Paragraph I mean“   ’’．

A．on thebeach	B．in no time
C．in ahurry	D．on the spot

小題2: Reporters who write on films are said to be lucky because they     .

A．can write anything they like

B．can see more film stars

C．can pay less than other people

D．can see the fdms before most people see them in the cinema

小題3: Why did the men break the reporter’s camera?

A．The reporter took their picture．

B．They did not like him at all．

C．They were afraid of his camera．

D．The camera was in the way．

小題4: According to the passage，a reporter’s work becomes dangerous when         .

A．he is seeing a horror film

B．thereis afloodora riot

C．there is a football match

D．there is an interview with the prime minister

小題5: What’s the passage mainly about?

A．An introduction to a newspaper reporter’s job．

B．An interesting life of a newspaper reporter．

C．Something written by a newspaper reporter．

D．How to become a good newspaper reporter．

The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two      systems on the whole.
The   of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated孕育 by     . In China, the mother river is the Yellow River while the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were developed for several thousand years and formed their own        . Then in Dang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture        went overseas to Japan,     into the Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it belongs to the same      .
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was       on the Mesopotamian Plain美索不達米亞平原 ---- the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the      of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European one also      waters. When the colonists of England     in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't    from the European one a lot.
At the same time, the difference of the language systems    _ the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system, for example, the one I’m using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference counts as well. But what’s more, as a result of the far distance and the steep險峻的areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom     until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no      with the other.

小題1:	A．connected B．separate C．a(chǎn)ncient D．remote

小題2:	A．preservation B．development C．resource D．origin

小題3:	A．coasts B．lakes C．rivers D．mountains

小題4:	A．styles B．habits C．ways D．means

小題5:	A．hurriedly B．gradually C．unfortunately D．suddenly

小題6:	A．made B．crashed C．mixed D．a(chǎn)pplied

小題7:	A．culture B．nation C．influence D．system

小題8:	A．brought up B．brought out C．brought about D．brought along

小題9:	A．bottom B．key C．base D．basement

小題10:

A．crossed B．drunk C．swam D．dived

小題11:

A．touched down B．put down C．got down D．settled down

小題12:

A．evolve B．judge C．distinguish D．rise

小題13:

A．a(chǎn)dds to B．results to C．turns to D．takes to

小題14:

A．a(chǎn)pproached B．contacted C．involved D．communicated

小題15:

A．impact B．difference C．connection D．familiarity

Several days ago, a Beijing-based IT company fired about 400 people overnight.  No one had expected the job cuts, which broke with traditional ways of letting go of workers in China.  Moreover, what was special about this case was that the day before the 400 were fired, they all received from their boss a gift—the book “Who Moved My Cheese?”
The book—a bestseller in the US—is being used by men and women to deal with changes in their lives and work. Some large organizations, including Coca-Cola, Kodak and General Motors, ask their employees to read it in order to encourage them to be active towards changes.
Cheese is something related to everyone’s livelihood-Our jobs, the industries we work in, relationships and love as well.
With China’s official entry into the WTO, the whole nation will face up to more changes and challenges. So what we should do once this “cheese” on which we are so dependent is moved?
“Whatever challenges and changes we meet, we should face up to them bravely,” Jiang Hengwei, a civil servant said after reading the book.
Professor Zhang Yang in Renmin University of China agrees. “We should change our way of thinking. The coming competitive foreign companies and products provide us with great chances to learn from them and improve our own products to meet international standards and be more competitive.”
“With hard work and wisdom, we will create a much larger and better piece of cheese.” Zhang smiled confidently.
小題1:. The whole passage is about_________.

A．a(chǎn) bestseller in the US

B．what people think about China’s entry into the WTO

C．the change in people’s attitude towards changes and challenges

D．how a book influences the Chinese workers

小題2: The company in Beijing gave each of the 400 fired workers a copy of “Who Moved My Cheese ”in order to_________.

A．be more competitive with foreign firms

B．find an excuse for their job cuts

C．let the workers make a living on their own

D．encourage the fired workers

小題3:. The word “cheese” in the passage can refer to_________.

A．something we depend on

B．a(chǎn) most important kind of food

C．change or challenge

D．way of life

小題4:. From what Heng wei and Professor Zhang Yang said, we can know that____________.

A．they have different opinions on changes and challenges

B．people are not afraid of competition from foreign companies

C．the Chinese people are ready to face any changes and challenges

D．they are both greatly encouraged by the book