The drop in temperature in the middle of December is a sure sign that winter is finally here. The cold weather causes people to easily get sick. To avoid this, it’s a good idea to adjust(調(diào)整) your eating habits and put more nourishing foods on your daily menu.
Each area has different recipes(食譜). Take a look at the following list for more ideas.
Mention Beijing recipe, and the first thing people think of is “hot pot”. Hot pot has been a long-time winter tradition in Beijing, as a way to beat the cold and nourish the body with mutton, beef and other side dishes.
Where to go for hot pot
Laowu Siji Shuanrou
A traditional hotpot restaurant with a long history. It is wel1-known for selected mutton from Inner Mongolia. The old-style copper pot and tasty sauces add more f1avors to the broth (肉湯) to entertain your taste.
Address: No. 17, Baizhifang E. Avenue
Te1: 010--63516164
Suantiankula Restaurant
This place is famous for its healthy tomato hotpot broth. The sour broth is delicious but not oily. The secret-recipe red bean soup makes a great accompaniment. For alcohol-lovers, try the Shaoxing wine, which is made from rice and warms you up.
Address: No.8, Xinyuanxili M. Avennue
Tel: 010-64612345
40. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. how people change the diet in winter 
B. why people change the diet in winter
C. what people eat in winter          
D. why people eat hotpot all the year round
41. According to the passage, the underlined words “nourishing foods” probab1y refer to _________.
A. tasty sauces and side dishes   
B. wine and sauce
C. mutton, beef and side dishes   
D. sour broth and drinks
42. A1l the following statements tell the fa1se information EXCEPT ______.
A. If you want to eat healthy tomato hot pot broth, call 010-635l6164
B. Suantiankula Restaurant is famous for its oily broth
C. The secret-recipe red bean soup is served in Laowu Siji Shuanrou
D. The copper pot and tasty sauces are served to entertain people's taste

Dolphins and sharks are showing up in surprisingly shallow
water just off the Florida coast. Mullets, crabs, rays and small
fish gather by the thousands off an Alabama pirer. Birds covered in
oil are crawling deep into marshes （沼澤）, never to be seen again.
Marine scientists studying the effects of the BP disaster（英國(guó)石油公司漏油事件）are seeing
some strange phenomena. Fish and other wildlife seem to be fleeing the oil out in the Gulf and clustering in cleaner waters along the coast in a trend that some researchers see as a potentially troubling sign. The animals' presence close to shore means their usual habitat is badly polluted, and the crowding could result in mass die-offs as fish run out of oxygen. Also, the animals could easily be captured by their enemies.
The nearly two-month-old spill（漏油）has created an environmental disaster in US history as tens of millions of gallons have flown into the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. Scientists are seeing some unusual things as they try to understand the effects on thousands of species of marine life.
For nearly four hours Monday, a three-person crew with Greenpeace cruised past delicate
islands and mangrove-dotted inlets in Barataria Bay off southern Louisiana. They saw dolphins by the dozen frolicking（嬉戲）in the oily sheen（光澤）and oil-tinged pelicans feeding their young. But they spotted no dead animals.
"I think part of the reason why we're not seeing more yet is that the impacts of this crisis are
really just beginning," Greenpeace marine biologist John Hocevar said.
The counting of dead wildlife in the Gulf is more than an academic exercise; the deaths will
help determine how much BP pays in damages.
小題1:What do the marine life react to the BP disaster?

A．Birds crawl deep into caves.

B．Dolphins and sharks show up in deep water.

C．Tens of thousands of marine animals are found dead.

D．Sea creatures flee from oil spill, gathering near seashore.

小題2:Which of the following is NOT related to the potentially troubling sign?

A．The usual habitat of deep-water animals is badly polluted.

B．Many animals could be easily eaten by their enemies.

C．Masses of fishes could die due to lack of oxygen.

D．Some dolphins are frolicking in marshes.

小題3:The environmental disaster was caused by    .

A．the damage of the Mexico Gulf ecosystem

B．the lack of environmental sense of BP

C．the nearly two-month-old oil spill

D．the crowding marine life

小題4:What is John Hocevar’s attitude towards the disaster?

A．Worried.

B．Disappointed.

C．Depressed.

D．Hesitant.

小題5:From the passage, we can infer that        .

A．Bp will pay much money according to the number of dead wildlife there

B．marine scientists have seen some strange phenomena

C．the disaster has little influence on dolphins

D．a(chǎn) three-person crew reached no conclusion

Which gender is the most talkative? No matter what you answer, you are partially right.
A recent Gallup Poll showed that both men and women believe that women possess the gift of talking and some even believe women are biologically built for conversation, but all of that is challenged in a research published in the November issue of Personality and Social Psychology Review.
In a recent research by Campbell Leaper and Melanie Ayres, they collected all of the available evidence from decades of scientific study and systematically combined the findings into an overall picture of the differences between men and women regarding talkativeness.
They found a small but reliable tendency(趨勢(shì)) for men to be more talkative than women in certain cases, such as when they were conversing with their wives or with strangers. Women talked more to their children and to their college classmates.
The type of speech was also explored in the research. The researchers discovered that, with strangers, women were generally more talkative when it came to using speech to ensure her connection to the listener, while men’s speech focused more on an attempt to influence the listener. With close friends and family, however, there was very little difference between genders in the amount of speech.
60.This passage mainly talks about a research conducted by _______ .
A. Gallup Poll       B. Personality and Social Psychology Review
C. Campbell Leaper and Melanie Ayres       D. the author
61.Which of the following statements describes the main idea of the passage?
A. Women are born more talkative than men.
B. Men are born more talkative than women.
C. Women and men are talkative in different cases.
D. Women are no more talkative than men.
62.The underlined word gender means _______.
A. people       B. nationality  C. culture       D. sex
63.Talking with strangers, ________.
A. women are more talkative than with people they know
B. men are more talkative than with their wives
C. women prefer to listen more rather than speak more
D. men speak a lot to have their opinions accepted

Books are not Nadia Konyk's thing. Her mother brings them home from the library, but Nadia rarely shows interest. Instead, like so many other teenagers, Nadia, 15, is addicted to the Internet. She regularly spends at least six hours a day in front of the computer, spending most of her time reading and commenting on stories written by other users. Her mother, Deborah Konyk, would prefer that Nadia read books for a change.
As teenagers' scores on reading tests have declined, some argue that the hours spent surfing the Internet are the enemy of reading—destroying a precious common culture that exists only through the reading of books. Critics have warned that electronic media would destroy reading.
Others say the Internet has created a new kind of reading. The Web inspires a teenager like Nadia, who might otherwise spend most of her leisure time watching television, to read and write. What is different now, some literacy experts say, is that spending time on the Web engages viewers with text.
Web supporters believe that strong readers on the Web may eventually surpass those who rely on books. Reading five Web sites, experts say, can be more enriching than reading one book. "It takes a long time to read a 400-page book," said Spiro. "In a tenth of the time," he said, the Internet allows a reader to "cover a lot more of the topic from different points of view."
Some literacy experts say that reading itself should be redefined. Interpreting videos or pictures, they say, may be as important a skill as analyzing a novel or a poem. "Kids are using sound and images so they have a world of ideas to put together," said Donna Alvermann, a professor of literacy education at the University of Georgia. "Books aren't out of the picture, but they're only one way of experiencing information in the world today."
Next year, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which gives reading, math and science tests to 15-year-old students in more than 50 countries, will add an electronic reading component（軟件）. The United States says it will not participate because an additional test would overburden schools.
小題1:Why are books not the thing of Nadia Konyk?

A．She does reading mainly through electronic media.

B．Her mother doesn’t provide her with enough books.

C．She has become addicted to playing games on the web.

D．Like many youngsters, she has lost interest in reading.

小題2:How many hours does Nadia spend in front of the computer in a week?

A．Exactly forty-two hours

B．Usually fifty hours

C．More than forty hours

D．At most thirty-six hours

小題3:Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?

A．To search for information on the web engages viewers without text.

B．To explain videos is a technique more important than analyzing a novel.

C．Children using sound and images may lose their interest in movies.

D．People reading well online may surpass those who rely on books.

小題4:Why did the US refuse to participate in the tests with an added electronic reading component?       It is because ______.

A．the teachers and students considered it useless

B．such a test would give schools more extra work

C．they thought reading was the only way to get information

D．none of them showed interest in such an additional test

Experts say the American state of Hawaii has been invaded (入侵)by a small frog called the coqui (ko--kee). There may be millions of the small frogs in Hawaii. However, they do not belong there. They are normally found in the southeastern United States. The coqui frogs are harming Hawaii’s environment. And the extremely loud noise they make is causing problems for Hawaiian citizens and visitors.
The coqui invaders arrived in Hawaii about ten years ago. They were believed to have been brought in accidentally in shipments of plants from Florida. Their number has sharply increased. They have quickly spread around the Hawaii Islands hidden in plants.
The coqui is a brown frog about five centimeters long. During the day, the frogs hide in wet protected areas, such as under plant leaves. At night, the frogs move onto trees to feed, call to females and mates. The call of the male coqui sounds like. Ko kee! Ko kee!
In the southeastern United States, local people celebrate coqui frogs. But in Hawaii, the foreign frog has been considered as a harmful animal. The coqui frogs are a major danger to Hawaii’s environmental system. The frogs eat thousands of insects (昆蟲)every night. These insects are important for the reproduction of plants. The insects also are important food for Hawaii’s native rare birds. The frogs also are affecting the tourism industry in Hawaii. Increasing numbers of hotels, visitors and local people have been annoyed by the loud calls made by male coqui frogs to female frogs. At night, the noise often makes it difficult for people to sleep.
The frogs do not have any natural enemies in Hawaii to reduce their population size. The warm weather permits them to lay eggs all year long. There are many efforts in Hawaii designed to stop the spread of the coqui. It is a crime to transport ,sell or release(釋放)the frogs there.
The Hawaii Department of Agriculture is trying to find an effective chemical that can be safely used to kill the frogs. For now, the frogs may only be caught by hand. The Hawaii Department of Agriculture says the greatest danger to the economy and environment of the state is from harmful species, like the coqui.
小題1:The statement that can best summarize the main idea of the passage is         .

A．the coqui invaders have seriously affected the tourism industry in Hawaii

B．it is not permitted to transport, sell or release the coqui frogs in Hawaii

C．the coqui invasion has serious effects on the economy and environment in Hawaii

D．great efforts have been made by the Hawaii people to kill the coqui

小題2:The coqui frogs originally arrived in Hawaii            .

A．by chance	B．a(chǎn)t the request of all the local citizens
C．a(chǎn)s a gift	D．a(chǎn)s goods demanded in the local market

小題3:Visitors to Hawaii don’t like the coqui frogs mainly because                 .

A．they are a big danger to the environmental system there

B．the loud noise made by the frogs bother their rest at night

C．they affect the reproduction of the local plants and insects

D．visitors could no longer see the native rare birds because of them

小題4:The two factors leading to the rapid spread of coqui frogs in Hawaii are           .

A．the frogs’ habit and the environment in Hawaii

B．the large number of the insects and the plants in Hawaii

C．the geographic location of Hawaii and its tourism industry

D．the warm weather there and the frogs’ lack of natural enemies

Teaching includes more than leadership. Some of the teacher's time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation(評(píng)價(jià)). But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and keep up a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages cooperation.
Standards and rules must be set up that keep order, ensure justice, and protect individual rights, but are not against school policy. What happens when one student hurts another's individual rights? Without clear guidelines agreeable to students, teachers, and administration(行政管理), the classroom can be in disorder. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without opinions from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in ruining the class environment, finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and setting up a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance(保持) is necessary. Conflicts(沖突) arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes out pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or athletic contests, or family troubles cause pressure in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to bring back a positive environment by helping students deal with conflicts, changes and pressure.
68. This article is written mainly for the purpose of ______.
A. providing information for teaching    
B. studying the teacher's behavior in the classroom
C. comparing the teacher's behaviors with students'    
D. teaching and organizing a class
69. The teacher, in some way, is a leader because ______.
A. he must well-organize a class and keep a good learning environment
B. he deals with students in the same way as a leader does
C. he should develop agreement among students
D. he has to keep his class in order and give instruction and evaluation
70. Which of the following is not true?
A. If the teacher well unites his student sand creates a positive atmosphere, he then will complete his task.
B. If guidelines are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess.
C. Outside pressure may cause pressure among students.
D. Students need the teacher just as sheep need a shepherd(羊倌).

Algae(水藻) are very simple plants. They grow in fresh water or salty water. Seaweed is algae that grow in salty water. Seaweed is red or brown in color. The Japanese people use these plants from the sea in many ways. From it, they make a food called Kombu. Kombu is seaweed that has been dried, cooked and pressed together. Then it is dried again and cut into long pieces. The Japanese eat a lot of Kombu and like it very much.
Japanese farmers often use seaweed as fertilizer. It makes their plants grow better. Many farmers also find seaweed makes a fine food for their animals.
From seaweed the Japanese also get iodine(碘), which they sell to other countries. Iodine is used in many ways all over the world. It is used in making medicine. It is added to the salt we use at the table. Scientists even use one form of iodine to “ seed clouds” when they want rain to fall.
小題1: Kombu is a kind of ____ according to the text.

A．plant

B．medicine

C．food

D．fertilizer

小題2:In the last sentence of the text, “seed clouds” means ____.

A．clouds spreading like seeds

B．the seeds like clouds

C．to make rain fall with human power

D．dropping seeds by clouds

小題3:The main idea of the story is that ____.

A．The Japanese eat seaweed when they want rain to fall.

B．Kombu is made into medicine for farmers.

C．The Japanese use seaweed in many ways.

D．The Japanese eat a lot of Kombu.

Children are our future, and it’s up to us to arm them with the tools to succeed. Sadly, today’s children are being armed with more dangerous tools like weapons （武器）, drugs and gangs. Once a relatively peaceful environment, many schoolyards of today are becoming unsafe for both students and teachers.
Home schools are available to give you choices. Home schooling provides top-quality education, flexibility, and freedom to create your own schedule. At Heritage Home School we believe the choice should be yours. Thanks in part to modern technology, home schooling information is becoming readily available across our nation. A recent study by the ITBS （Iowa Tests of Basic Skills） and TAP （Tests of Achievement and Proficiency） shows us that students of home schools do particularly well when compared with the nationwide average. In every subject at every grade level, students of home schooling scored obviously higher than those in public and private schools.
If you’re new to home schooling, you may be asking yourself, “Will home schools really work for my children?”
Fact: A nationwide study using a random（任意）selection of 1,516 families found students of home schooling to be scoring, on average, at or above the 80th percentile in all areas on standardized achievement test.
Note: The national average on standardized achievement tests is the 50th percentile. Collectively, the staff at Heritage Home School brings 65 years of experience in home schooling curriculum. We’ve placed students in the top 2 % of the nation in math and many are successfully moving on to college.
One study found that of the home schooled adults, 0% were unemployed, 0% were on welfare and 94% said home education prepared them to be independent persons. For more home schooling information, call us today toll free at（877）532-7665.
小題1:We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.

A．many schools armed their students with weapons

B．violence and crime exist in many schoolyards

C．students use weapons to defend their schoolyards

D．weapons are more dangerous than drugs

小題2:All of the following are true of home schools EXCEPT that ________.

A．students are free to choose their courses

B．students do well in important national tests

C．they help students find jobs

D．they help students to be independent

小題3:What is the purpose of the text?

A．To give information about different schools.

B．To compare home schools with other schools.

C．To suggest a new method of school education.

D．To persuade people to choose home schools.

小題4:The advertisement is mainly aimed at ________.

A．students

B．parents

C．teachers

D．a(chǎn)dults

Just like the young character in Hannah Montana, who so often fights with her father over her desire to be more independent, British teenagers also have their troubles.
A recent survey among 2,000 British parents shows that girls and boys experience similar kinds of stress, with some slight differences .
Girls want to grow up fast, demanding greater freedom. They feel pressure from their peers to be thin and sometimes dangerously experiment with alcohol .
Girls over 14 are more concerned with getting a boyfriend, make-up and going out with friends than with their schoolwork. They are more likely to complain about pocket money .
Parents found they have their toughest time with boys over the age of 15. Their sons are battling bad skin, are reluctant(不情愿的) to speak, and just like girls over 14 are little interested in their studies. Seven out of ten parents said their sons become frustrated(挫敗的) when they are not understood .
Unsurprisingly, it isn’t just British teenagers who have such problems.
In a survey published in the US last month, two out of three high school students said their life was tough. There was a universal worry over body image and ability to fit in socially.
Plenty of the teenagers feel great pressures to get good grades, with nearly half regarding this as their top worry. The next biggest issue is pressure they face to get into good college. According to the survey, 66 percent reported saving their money to pay for all or part of college.
“Today’s American teens have witnessed what their families have endured during recent economic challenges, and they are much more aware of the importance of planning ahead,” said Stuart Rubinstein, managing director with TD Ameritrade, which carried out the survey.
小題1:What is the article mainly about?

A．What makes the lives of teenagers so hard?

B．How to deal with teen problems?

C．Stress faced by UK and US teenagers.

D．Peer pressure faced by UK and US teenagers.

小題2:According to the survey, boys over 15 often feel great pressure to ______.

A．grow up fast	B．experiment with alcohol
C．get into a good college	D．be more open and communicative

小題3:The underlined word “universal” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ______.

A．global

B．common

C．a(chǎn)verage

D．reasonable

小題4:How have recent economic challenges affected American teens?

A．They have become more concerned about their future.

B．They are now more worried about the ability to fit in socially.

C．They are attempting to learn more about money management.

D．They are spending more time developing their practical skills.

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which was named after Catherine Kitty Genovese, a．young woman who was murdered on March 13, 1964．Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed（刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese]s repeated cries for help , none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called the police for help ．The attach first began at 3:20 , but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted the police．
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion（分散）of responsibility．Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．
The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation, is ambiguous^ R^E^?）．In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnessing reported that they believed that they were witnessing a " lovers' quarrel" , and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
小題1:The passage seems to suggest that Genovese might not have been murdered if there had been_____．

A．no observer	B．fewer observers
C．more observers ．	D．younger observers

小題2:Genovese was murdered                   .

A．while she was going out	B．in her apartment
C．halfway home	D．in front of her apartment ?

小題3:The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph probably refers to ____．

A．not doing anything to help	B．behaving in correct ways
C．taking action	D．murdering

小題4:We can learn from the passage that Genovese's neighbors didn't lend a hand partly because they ____．

A．were afraid of being attacked by the murderer

B．thought someone else might come to her rescue．

C．didn't get along well with her

D．were sure it was murdering