Question

【題目】閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

We already know that the underwater world is anything but silent. It is full of natural sounds produced by animals and by the motion of the atmosphere and water. But today’s researchers are increasingly concerned about the man-made noises under the water. They are confusing whales and other marine animals

Although hearing is important to all animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound. Underwater sound allows marine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays it's becoming too much for marine wildlife. Evidence shows that whales will swim hundreds of miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves to get away from the sounds of sonar.

You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators (掠食動物)).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group, only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish.

Humans rely on the ocean for its natural resources and biodiversity. The ocean also plays an important role in regulating( 調(diào)節(jié))temperatures, As Cousteau said, "For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it.

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Answer 1

【答案】Although underwater world is not silent, man-made sound is doing great harm to marine animal. (要點1) Important as underwater sound is to animals there, loud noises in the sea threatens their normal life. (要點2) According to scientists’ research, the survival rate of fish drops sharply under the influence of noise, whether loud or not. (要點3) Thus, with the benefits of ocean to the environment and temperature, people must protect it rather than fight it.(要點4)

【解析】

這是一篇概要寫作。

概要寫作

寫作步驟

1）細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要說明了雖然水下世界不是無聲的，但人為的聲音對海洋動物造成了極大的危害。盡管水下聲音對那里的動物很重要，但海洋中的巨大噪音威脅著它們的正常生活。根據(jù)科學(xué)家的研究，在噪音的影響下，魚的存活率急劇下降，不管噪音是大還是小。因此，隨著海洋對環(huán)境和溫度的好處，人們必須保護(hù)它而不是對抗它。

2）弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。因此一定要弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納文章各段大意。

3）列出原文要點。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。本文中要點有三：第一，介紹福建木偶戲；第二，木偶戲目前面臨的問題；第三，對此人們采取的措施。

4）在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點：

（1）概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。

（3）注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。

（5）計算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。