Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is the heart of education.

The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen—beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.

Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.

Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developed film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, “ Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.”

1.Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, ________.

A. it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast

B. we might be controlled by other people’s ideas

C. we will follow the ideas of others naturally

D. we might be fooled by other people’s ideas

2.If you are a critical thinker, you will ________.

A. think deeply about different ideas

B. trust the reports in the newspapers

C. take one view against another view

D. criticize other people for their mistakes

3.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. What is thinking

B. Understanding Critical Thinking

C. Thinking Is Natural and Human

D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence

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British Women Writers in different periods of time

The English Renaissance

The English Renaissance began in the later part of the fifteenth century and lasted until the 1660s. Among the most famous women writers of this period is Aphra Behn, who is seen as the first professional woman writer in English. She wrote a number of plays that dealt with topics such as racism and slavery. A good example is Oroonoko published in 1688. Aphra Behn's works include also the plays The Amourous Prince, The Town Fop, The Dutch Lover and her only tragedy, Abdelazer.

The neoclassical period

Among the well-known women in Bristish literature during the neoclassical period, from 1660 to the end of the eighteenth century, is Anne Finch. She wrote poetry and tried to express all that she saw and experienced. Two other women are recognized for their contribution to neoclassical British literature: Mary Astell and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Mary Astell was a philosopher and a feminist writer. She is best known now for her theories on the education of women.

The Romantic period

Jane Austen is one of the most famous women writers that worked during the Romantic period (1798-1832). Her works include several novels, most of which focus on marriage as a way for young women to secure social standing and economic security. Her most famous novels are Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Emma. Another famous woman writer from the English Romanticism is Mary Shelley. She is the author of Frankenstein, History of Six Weeks Tour and The Last Man.

The Victorian period

The Victorian period, between the 1830s and 1900, was the time when the Bronte sisters, George Eliot and Elizabeth Gaskell lived and wrote. Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte produced many British literary classics. Charlotte's novels include Jane Eyre, Shirley, Villette and The Professor. Mary Anne Evans adopted the male pen name George as she wanted to set herself apart from the feminine genre of cookbooks and domestic moral tales. Her most famous novel is The Mill on the Floss published in 1860.

1.According to the passage, Aphra Behn was famous for ________.

A. novelsB. poetryC. playsD. cookbooks

2.In which period can readers find books about racial discrimination written by momen?

A. In the English Renaissance.

B. In the neoclassical period.

C. In the Romantic period.

D. In the Victorian period.

3.According to the passage, why did Mary Anne Evans publish her stories under the name of George Eliot?

A. Women were forbidden to write novels then.

B. Her works would be different.

C. It helped promote her works.

D. It sounded more popular.

4.If a reader is interested in women’s education, whose works can be the best choice?

A. Anne Finch’s.B. Mary Astell’s.

C. Mary Wortley Montagu’s.D. Mary Shelley’s.

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1.

Your school days should be some of the best and happiest days of your life.How can you gain the most from them, and ensure that you do not waste this wonderful opportunity to learn?

Be positive about school! Don’t say things which are difficult or boring.Be interested in school life and your school subjects.Join in lots of activities.Be quick to put your hand up.Go round the school with a big smile.

Expect to work. 2. If you are not working，you are not learning，you are wasting your time at school.Teachers cannot make everything enjoyable.

Keep fit.If you do not eat a good breakfast，you will be thinking about food in class.If you go to bed late and do not have enough sleep，you will be sleepy in class.Play some sports to keep your body strong.

3. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.Do not say you will do things tomorrow.If you get behind the class，it is very difficult to get back in front.You cannot finish a race if you rest all the time.

Don’t be too disappointed if things sometimes go bad. 4. Friends are not always perfect，and they sometimes say and do unpleasant things.Don’t let small problems seem very big and important.

Talk about problems—sometimes they are only the result of misunderstanding.Don’t be too embarrassed to ask for help.You are young.No one thinks you can do everything!

Plan your time.Don’t waste life lying in bed on Saturday morning.Go and play a sport，learn the piano，work on a project，read a book，practise English，or help someone with problems.There are always a lot of things to do.

Set targets. If your last grade was a D，work for a C．Try to make progress bit by bit.

5.

A．Everyone fails some tests, loses some matches and has bad days.

B．Ways to have a happy school life.

C．Do today’s work today.

D．Follow my advice, and have a happy school life!

E．Because it means that you are enjoying school and learning more.

F．School is not a holiday camp.

G．You are making your time of little use unless you are learning hard.

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