Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.
“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.
For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.
Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully  — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.
小題1:What’s the purpose of children telling lies?
A．To help their friends out.
B．To get rid of trouble.
C．To get attention from others.
D．To create a popular image.
小題2:The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “      ”.
A．tell liesB．handle troubles
C．raise questions D．do research
小題3:From the second paragraph we can know that       .
A．which factors can reduce lying
B．why some lie more than others
C．it is normal for kids to tell lies
D．how lying changes as kids grow
小題4:It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．children’s lies are the same as adults’
B．the better kids are, the more they lie
C．the older kids are, the more they lie
D．kids always keep the truth in their mind
小題5:What is NOT included in the passage?
A．The reasons why kids tell lies.
B．Which kind of kids tells more lies.
C．Experiments about lying of young kids.
D．What to do with lying children.

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:C
小題5:D    

小題1:細節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第一段our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others.我們?nèi)鲋e的原因大都一樣：為了擺脫麻煩、得到好處或者是為了讓我們在別人眼里變得更好�？芍鸢�。
小題2:詞義理解題。結(jié)合整句話的含義：“不過越來越多的研究正在提出這樣的疑問：孩子的謊言和大人們的謊言有何不同；隨著年齡的增長，我們的撒謊行為會發(fā)生何種變化”可知deceive應是“說謊”的意思。
小題3:推理判斷題。結(jié)合The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage�！昂⒆诱f謊標志著他們到達了一個新的發(fā)展階段�！笨芍狢項正確。
小題4:推理判斷題。結(jié)合At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show（在兩歲的孩子里，大約有四分之一的人會撒謊說他們沒有看過。三歲的孩子有一半會說謊，而到了四歲，這個數(shù)字是90%。）可知C項正確。
小題5:細節(jié)理解題。文章主要講述了孩子說謊的原因、那些孩子說謊多及關于孩子說謊的實驗而D項文章沒有提到。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost,  35 on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home .That was no  36 . After school, 37 , when all the buses were  38  up along the street, I was afraid that I’d get on the wrong one and be taken to some  39  neighborhood. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn’t let the leaders out of my 40 .
Perhaps one of the worst fears  41  all I had as a child was that of not being liked or  42  by others. Being popular was so important to me  43 , and the fear of not being liked was a 44  one.
One of the processes(過程) of growing up is being able to  45  and overcome(克服) our fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.
小題1:
A．wayB．timeC．placeD．reason
小題2:
A．woundedB．destroyedC．surprisedD．frightened
小題3:
A．quietnessB．darknessC．emptinessD．loneliness
小題4:
A．gotB．forcedC．madeD．caused
小題5:
A．spiritB．heightC．bodyD．shape
小題6:
A．eyeB．windowC．mouthD．door
小題7:
A．breathB．windC．a(chǎn)irD．sound
小題8:
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小題10:
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小題11:
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小題12:
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小題18:
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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What kind of job do you want to do in the future ? One that earns the most money or one that gives you the highest social position? What about a job that makes you feel happy? Surprisingly, these three things do not always go together in the job world .
According to a general social survey by the National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago in the US, the ten happiest jobs are not those with better pay or higher social position. They are ordinary jobs.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Can you understand the beginning of this article?
“My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & 3 kds FTF.”
The Scottish teacher who received it in class had no idea what the girl who wrote it meant. The essay was written in a form of English used in cell phone text messages. Text messages (also called SMS2) through cell phones became very popular in the late 1990s. At first, mobile phone companies thought that text messaging would be a good way to send messages to customers, but customers quickly began to use the text messaging service to send messages to each other. Teenagers in particular enjoyed using text messaging, and they began to create a new language for messages called texting.
A text message is limited to 160 characters, including letters, spaces, and numbers, so messages must be kept short. In addition, typing on the small keypad of a cell phone is difficult, so it’s common to make words shorter. In texting, a single letter or number can represent a word, like “r” for “are,” “u” for “you,” and “2” for “to.” Several letters can also represent a phrase, like “l(fā)ol” for “l(fā)aughing out loud.” Another characteristic of texting is the leaving out of letters in a word, like spelling “please” as “pls.”
Some parents and teachers worry that texting will make children bad spellers and bad writers. The student who wrote the essay at the top of this page said writing that way was more comfortable for her. (The essay said, “My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three kids face to face.”)
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小題1:What is the writer’s opinion of text messaging? 
A．It is fun and easy to do.
B．It is not bad for children.
C．It will make children bad writers.
D．The writer does not give an opinion.
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A．Using phrases to represent essays
B．Using numbers to represent words
C．Using letters to represent phrases
D．Using letters to represent words
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A．My Gr8 TchrB．CU in LAC．My GFD．My Smmr Hols
小題4:Why do some people think that texting is bad?
A．It has been replaced by voice message
B．It’s too difficult to type.
C．Teenagers won’t learn to write correctly.
D．It’s not comfortable.
小題5:Why aren’t some people worried about the effect of texting?
A．Not many people use texting.
B．Spelling in English is too difficult.
C．Teenagers quickly become bored with texting.
D．Texting will disappear because of new technology.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Superman, Spider-Man, Batman and Iron Man ... .There is no shortage of superheroes. You find them in comic books, on the TV and the big screen.
In a survey of fans by the sci-fi and fantasy website, SFX.co.uk, Batman, 70 years old this year, was voted Britain's favorite superhero.
Unlike many crime-fighting superheroes Batman has no special powers. He can't fly like Superman or shoot a sticky web like Spider-Man.
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Wayne feels anger at their deaths and guilty that he did not prevent them. He travels around the world learning how to fight. Upon returning to Gotham, he creates a disguise (偽裝) to enable him to fight crime without being recognized.
A childhood fear of bats leads him to choose to dress as one. His idea is that through the bat person he can prove to himself that he has overcome his childhood fears.
Wayne is the CEO of the company he inherits (繼承) from his father. He seems to live the lifestyle of a millionaire playboy. But this is a ruse (計策). He works hard at the image to allow himself the freedom he needs to do his work as a crime fighter. "Bruce Wayne, playboy" is the disguise Batman is the real person.
"Wayne is not a born superhero. Instead, he is a real, complex person," said Dace Golder, editor of the website. "He is the most realistic of all the superheroes. I am particularly interested in the emotional process by which a boy becomes a hero. His superhero qualities come from within."
小題1:What is the article mainly about?  
A．How Bruce Wayne develops into a superhero.
B．How to overcome childhood fears.
C．What makes a superhero.
D．Why superheroes enjoy great popularity in Britain.
小題2:Bruce Wayne decides to dress like a bat because of ______ .
A．his curiosity about bats B．his childhood fear of bats
C．his parents' sudden death D．his unusual travel experiences
小題3:Why does Wayne live like a playboy?
A．He prefers the lifestyle of a playboy.
B．He doesn't know how to run a company.
C．He loves freedom more than anything else.
D．He needs to disguise his crime fighting activities.
小題4:Which of the following statements is true about Batman? 
A．Batman is a born superhero
B．He has special powers
C．The turning point of his life is due to his parents' sudden death
D．He actually lives the lifestyle of a millionaire playboy

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


One day, when old Jacob and little Jacoble were walking home, the sun began to go down. Old Jacob was thinking of his house and little Jacoble didn’t know what to think. Then he thought of a wonderful idea, and he cried, “Jacob! Do you know what I saw yesterday? I saw a green rabbit. It was flying in the air and it was so big, even bigger than an elephant!”
“You saw that with your own eyes?” asked old Jacob. “Of course I did,” said Jacoble proudly. “It’s a good thing that you really saw that big, flying, green rabbit,” said old Jacob, “because that old bridge we are going to walk over is a very strange one. As soon as anyone who hasn’t told the truth comes on it, the bridge breaks in two.” They continued walking.
“Jacob,” said Jacoble a little later, “you know that big, green, flying rabbit I saw yesterday ... Well, it wasn’t really flying, and ... it wasn’t quite as big as an elephant ... but it was very big, about the size of a horse!” “Big as a horse?” asked Jacob as they got closer to the bridge and little Jacoble began not to feel so well.
“Jacob,” said Jacoble. “That big, green rabbit I saw yesterday, well, I had something in my eye and so I couldn’t see that well. It wasn’t a very big rabbit but it was green. Yes, that’s what it was — all green!”
Old Jacob didn’t say a word. He just walked over the bridge. But Jacoble didn’t go after him because he was afraid and he knew why he was afraid. He stood at the bridge and said, “Oh, Jacob! You know that rabbit I saw yesterday. It wasn’t green. No. It was just a little, brown rabbit.”
Then he was not afraid of anything any more and he ran happily over the bridge.
小題1:We know from the text that the story happened ______.
A．in the morningB．in the afternoonC．a(chǎn)t dusk (黃昏) D．a(chǎn)t midnight
小題2:Jacob considered Jacoble’s story ______.
A．humorousB．interestingC．frightening D．unbelievable
小題3:Why did little Jacoble change his story again and again?
A．Because he was afraid of falling into the river.
B．Because he tried to persuade Jacob to believe it.
C．Because he wanted to frighten Jacob.
D．Because he didn’t remember the story clearly.
小題4:What lesson can we learn from the text?
A．A lie will never be known.
B．True friends don’t cheat each other.
C．Telling lies makes one suffer from fears.
D．Making up a story is lying.

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