閱讀理解
Traffic jam and cities, it seems, go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic;
but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation
planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized
for failing to solve traffic jam.
But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs
of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that
traffic jam is an unpreventable byproduct of successful cities, and view the "traffic problem" in a different
light.
Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.
Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically
successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities don't have much traffic. New
York and Los Angeles are America's most crowded cities. But if you want access to major brokerage
houses (經(jīng)紀(jì)行), you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities.
And if your firm needs access to postproduction film editors or satelliteguidance engineers, you will reach
them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.
Despite traffic jam, a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions
can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.
So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of
inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.
There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places
like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in
the US, even in our most crowded cities. That's why, for now, we don't see people and capital streaming
out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for cities like California, and Illinois.
1. We can conclude from the first paragraph that________.
A. traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big city
B. traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal with
C. if traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solved
D. public officials are always criticized for misusing their power
2. According to the passage, what's the author's opinion towards traffic jam?
A. In cities, traffic jam is unavoidable.
B. Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.
C. Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.
D. For a successful city, traffic jam is not unpreventable.
3. By saying "decaying" (in Para. 4), the writer probably means ________.
A. declining
B. developing
C. rich and successful
D. strong and healthy
4. According to this article, which statement about "New York" and "Los Angeles" is true?
A. The traffic jam in the two cities has been worsened.
B. New York and Los Angeles are the most successful cities in the USA.
C. It is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.
D. Despite the traffic jam in LA, you'll find a satelliteguidance engineer more quickly there.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. California is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.
B. The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty.
C. The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.
D. Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.
