17.Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress.This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now,psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same"fight-or-flight"reaction to stress.In other words,individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior,such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"),or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight").However,the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress.While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response,women often have another kind of reaction which could be called"tend and befriend."That is,they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"),and by looking for social contact and support from others-especially other females《'befriend").
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress,an important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body.The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone.This hormone,called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h,but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress.The principal investigator,Dr.Shelley E.Taylor,explained that"animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer,more relaxed,more social,and less anxious."While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin,its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior,the UCLA study found that women are far.more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed.They may phone relatives or friends,or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet.For a typical mother,coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior.The tend-and-befriend regulatory(調節(jié)的) system may protect women against stress,and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
72.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress,men are more likely than women toC.
A.turn to friends for help
B.solve a conflict calmly
C.find an escape from reality
D.seek comfort from children
73.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?D
A.Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B.Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C.Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D.Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
74.What can be learned from the passage?C
A.Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B.In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C.Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D.The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
75.Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage?A
A.How men and women get over stress
B.How men and women suffer from stress
C.How researchers overcome stress problems
D.How researchers handle stress-related disorders.
分析 本文是一篇科普說明文.面對生活中的種種壓力,男性和女性會表現出不同的反應:男性的反應往往是或戰(zhàn)或逃,女性往往是一種被稱之為"照顧和結友"的態(tài)度.文章主要講述了男性和女性對壓力反應的區(qū)別和原因以及是如何克服壓力的.
解答 72.C 推理判斷題.根據第二段中的"While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response,women often have another kind of reaction which could be called‘tend and befriend'."可知,面對壓力,男性的反應往往是或戰(zhàn)或逃,女性往往是一種被稱之為"照顧和結友"的態(tài)度.所以男人比女人更可能逃避現實.故C項正確.
73.D 細節(jié)理解題.根據第三段可知,A項內容未涉及;根據第三句"This hormone,called oxytocin.it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress."可排除B項;根據倒數第二句可知,催產素水平高的人和動物更容易平靜、放松,而不是說人和動物的催產素水平都高,故排除C項;根據最后一句"While men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin,its effects are reduced by male hormones."可知,男性盡管也分泌這種催產素,但受男性荷爾蒙的影響,它的作用降低了,所以對女性的影響更大.故D項正確.
74.C 細節(jié)理解題.根據第三段第一句"…in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress,an important role is played by certain hormones(激素)released by the body."可知,男性對于壓力或戰(zhàn)或逃的反應是體內荷爾蒙釋放的結果,故排除A項;根據倒數第二段可知,父母勞累一天回家后的反應是不同的,故排除B項;文章所述內容才是UCLA的研究結果,故排除D項;根據第二段中的"…men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress."可知,對于壓力,男性和女性有完全不同的生物反應和行為反應.故C項正確.
75.A 主旨大意題.本文主要講述了男性和女性由于不同的激素影響,面對壓力時所采取的不同應對方式.故A項正確.
點評 本文是健康環(huán)保類閱讀,考查學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力.做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確選擇.在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.