Question

This is VOA. The National Cryptologic Museum is on Fort George G. Meade, a military base near Washington, DC. The method of hiding exact meanings is called coding. People have used secret codes throughout history to protect important information. The National Cryptologic Museum celebrated 60 years of cryptologic excellence in 2012. One event there marked the sixtieth anniversary of the National Security Agency. Two former NSA workers shared their memories of operating a code machine called Sigaba.

In 1940, an American woman named Genevieve Grotjan found some information being repeated in Japanese coded messages. Her discovery helped the United States understand secret Japanese diplomatic messages. After the United States understood the code, it was possible to study messages from the Japanese ambassador to Germany and to his supervisors in Japan.

Understanding these messages helped the United States prepare for a possible war in the Pacific with Japan. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, an American Naval officer named Joseph Rochefort struggled to understand the Japanese navy code. He worked on the American base at Pearl Harbor. It was early in 1942. The American naval commander in the Pacific Ocean was Chester Nimitz. His forces were much smaller than the Japanese Naval forces. And the Japanese had been winning many victories. Joseph Rochefort had worked for several months to read the secret Japanese Naval code called JN-25. If he could understand enough of the code, he would be able to give Admiral Nimitz very valuable information.

From the beginning of 1942, the Japanese code discussed a place called "AF." Joseph Rochefort felt the Japanese were planning an important battle aimed at "AF." After several weeks, he and other naval experts told Admiral Nimitz that their best idea was that the "AF" in the Japanese code was the American-held island of Midway. Admiral Nimitz said he must have more information to prepare for such an attack.

The Navy experts decided to trick Japan. They told the American military force on Midway to broadcast a false message. The message would say the island was having problems with its water-processing equipment. The message asked that fresh water be sent to the island immediately. This message was not sent in code.

Several days later, a Japanese radio broadcast in the JN-25 code said that "AF" had little water. Joseph Rochefort had the evidence he needed. "AF" was now known to be the island of Midway. He also told Admiral Nimitz the Japanese would attack Midway on June 13.The battle that followed was a huge American victory. That victory was possible because Joseph Rochefort learned to read enough of the Japanese code to discover the meaning of the letters "AF."

One American code has never been broken. Perhaps it never will. It was used in the Pacific during World War Two. For many years the government would not discuss this secret code. Listen for a moment to this very unusual code. Then you may understand why the Japanese military forces were never able to understand any of it.

The code is in the voice of a Native American. The man you just heard is singing a simple song in the Navajo language. Very few people outside the Navajo nation are able to speak any of their very difficult language.

At the beginning of World War Two, the United States Marine Corps asked members of the Navajo tribe to train as Code Talkers.

The Cryptologic Museum says the Marine Corps Code Talkers could take a sentence in English and change it into their language in about 20 seconds. A code machine needed about 30 minutes to do the same work.

The Navajo Code Talkers took part in every battle the Marines entered in the Pacific during World War Two. The Japanese were very skilled at breaking codes. But they were never able to understand any of what they called "The Marine Code."

The Cryptologic Museum has many pieces of mechanical and electric equipment used to change words into code. It also has almost as many examples of machines used to try to change code back into useful words.

1.The NSA was founded__________.

A. in 1940 B. 1942 C. in 1952 D. in 2012

2.According to the passage, which one is not right?

A. “Cryptologic” implies containing some hidden information

B. The US decoded “AF” and won the victory in Midway Islands

C. Both Rchefort and Nimitz were American navy commanders

D. The US Marine Corps was fallen for in Midway Islands battle

3.The Americans used the Navajo language in their coding system during the Second World War for the reason that .

A. unusual language was successfully used for codes

B. it was commonly used in coding system worldwide

C. the United States Marine Corps invented it then

D. it was the most beautiful language in the world

4.This passage is probably adapted from ____________.

A. an evening paper B. a science fiction

C. a broadcasting program D. a travel guidebook

Answer 1

1.C

2.D

3.A

4.C

【解析】

試題分析：美國擁有國家密碼博物館，而在其戰(zhàn)爭史上密碼的作用也非同小可。

1.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“he National Cryptologic Museum celebrated 60 years of cryptologic excellence in 2012. One event there marked the sixtieth anniversary of the National Security Agency. ”可知，在2012年國家安全局已經(jīng)成立了60年，所以它成立于1952年，故該題正確答案為C. in 1952.

2.D細(xì)節(jié)信息題。根據(jù)文章中“"AF" was now known to be the island of Midway. He also told Admiral Nimitz the Japanese would attack Midway on June 13.The battle that followed was a huge American victory. ”可知，在中途島戰(zhàn)役中是美國勝了。所以選項D表述錯誤，故該題正確答案為D.

3.A推理判斷題。因為“People have used secret codes throughout history to protect important information.”歷史上人們用密碼來保護(hù)重要的信息，所以美國人用納瓦霍語來做密碼是因為（文章第七段中）“Listen for a moment to this very unusual code. Then you may understand why the Japanese military forces were never able to understand any of it.”這種語言極為罕見、不同尋常，很少有人弄得懂。故該題正確答案為A.

4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句“This is VOA.”可知，這是個廣播節(jié)目播出的廣播稿。故該題正確答案為C.

考點：社會文化類文章的閱讀