Question

Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551—479B.C.), and Socrates(蘇格拉底) (469—399 B.C.) lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.

Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激進(jìn)的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.

Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: "Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you." He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下層的) classes.

For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.

Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.

1.Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?

A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common

B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.

C. The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.

D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.

2.Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that ________.

A. all men were equal when they were born

B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class

C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom

3.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?

A. Family.       B. Potential.     C. Knowledge.       D. Community.

4.This passage is organized in the pattern of ________.

A. time and events         B. comparison and contrast

C. cause and effect         D. definition and classification

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.C

2.B

3.C

4.B

【解析】

試題分析：本文采用對(duì)比的寫(xiě)作手法，介紹了生活在不同時(shí)代，不同國(guó)家的兩位偉大的哲學(xué)家孔子和蘇格拉底。盡管在生活背景，家庭觀念，社會(huì)觀念以及對(duì)待教育的態(tài)度等方面他們有著不同的看法，但是他們的思想觀念對(duì)社會(huì)都有著很大影響。

1.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.判斷可知他們的觀念無(wú)疑對(duì)社會(huì)有著很大影響，故C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段Confucius assumed…it was knowledge that set men apart.和 Socrates focused… the superior class should rule the inferior classes.可知他們都認(rèn)為上層階級(jí)應(yīng)該統(tǒng)治下層階級(jí)。所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。

3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段that it was knowledge that set men apart.可知C選項(xiàng)正確。是知識(shí)造成了他們的差別。

4.B推理判斷題。縱觀全文可見(jiàn)，文章的每一段都是通過(guò)比較來(lái)說(shuō)明他們生活背景，思想觀念等各個(gè)方面的，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

考點(diǎn)：考查社會(huì)知識(shí)類短文閱讀。