Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs; the need to protect patients from brutal news, to uphold a promise of secrecy or to advance the public interest.

What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should doctors reject that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?

Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients’ own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.

Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them of risks destroys their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.

But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness; help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.

There is an urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to know the professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.”

Title: 1. Or Not

Different 2.

·Most doctors are in 3. of lying for the patients’ own sake.

·A great majority of patients 4. on being told the truth.

Reasons for 5.

lying to patients

·Informing patients of the truth about their condition destroys their hope, 6. to recovering more slowly, or deteriorating faster, perhaps even 7. themselves.

Reasons 8.

lying to patients

·The truthful information helps patients to 9. their illness, help them tolerate pain better with less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.

·Most patients feel 10. when they learn that they have been misled.

練習冊系列答案
相關(guān)習題

科目：高中英語 來源：廣西省桂林市、崇左市2017屆高三聯(lián)合調(diào)研考試英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher's time and effort are directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goal . or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.

On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals (個體 ). Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group , no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.

Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict(相悖) school policy. What happens when one student hurts another's individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic,(混亂的). Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.

No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance(維持) is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new or organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict , change, and stress.

1.The underlined word “maintain" in Paragraph l probably means

A. keep B. build

C. recreate D. evaluate

2.According to the author, the teacher should .

A. free students from outside pressures

B. set the standards and rules on his own

C. be responsible for a well-organized class

D. focus more on instruction and evaluation

3.From the passage we can lean that .

A. rules cannot be changed once they're formed

B. outside pressures may not cause tension among students

C. if the teacher well units his students, he then will finish his task

D. if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess

4.What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?

A. To provide information for teaching.

B. To show the importance of' teaching a class.

C. To study the teacher's behavior in the classroom.

D. To compare the teacher's behavior with the students' in class.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：四川省2017屆高三下學期第二次適應性考試英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

Buy One Give One

Buy One Give One (B1G1) is a Singapore-based business and non-profit organization with a job to create a world full of giving. We help businesses around the world give back in meaningful ways so that they can create measurable and long-lasting influence. Since 2007, we have worked with more than 1,600 businesses creating more than 88 million giving activities.

Our business allows consumers, who may feel disconnected from the problems of the developing world, to become involved in social problems while still purchasing for themselves. For example, shoe brands like TOMS promise to donate one pair of shoes for every pair purchased. Soapbox gives soap to a needy child with every purchase. Watch company WeWood plants a tree every time you buy a watch. They have helped socially-conscious consumers purchase products and feel good about providing help to others.

See what some of our members say about being a part of B1G1.

*Karen Ormerod

Every product purchased at our store influences the lives of disadvantaged people in the world. I had never imagined I would be operating a business that could change people’s lives. We are making a real difference by just doing what we normally do. It is a wonderful experience.

*Ben Baker

What a good way of distributing resources to where they need to be, giving people the gifts of giving, and adding value to organizations along the way. We have already made 160,000 giving activities through B1G1. Giving has become a necessary part of our everyday business. It’s absolutely brilliant.

B1G1 focuses on the influence of giving on people’s lives rather than simply the amounts donated. Our programs stress giving habitually in order to create growing influence around the world. When you join the B1G1 giving program, you create your own unique giving stories.

We do hope you can become a member of us!

1.According to the passage, what does B1G1 do?

A. Donate the profits to the people in need.

B. Help consumers purchase their favorite products.

C. Give away something extra when a product is sold.

D. Instruct owners how to operate businesses effectively.

2.How do the members feel about themselves as a part of B1G1?

A. Confident.

B. Proud.

C. Generous.

D. Energetic.

3.What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To invite businesses to B1G1.

B. To promote the products B1G1 sells.

C. To describe the gifts B1G1 gives.

D. To introduce the activities B1G1 involves.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：河北省卓越聯(lián)盟2016-2017學年高二下學期第三次月考英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

I opened my door to two little girls.I had met Alyssa,six,two weeks before.Since then,she'd waved to me every time she passed my house.

"Hello.Grandma Bonnie!"Alyssa said."This is my little sister,Ariana.She's three."To her very nervous sister,"It's OK,honey.You'll like her."The three-year-old held a "bouquet"（花束）in one hand,and the other gripped（緊握）a tiny notebook and a huge broken crayon."Go on,"her big sister urged,"tell her."

Ariana looked at me seriously."I want to help raise money for my preschool,"she said,holding out her flowers. "So I'm selling these for one dollar a bunch."

I had a hard time hiding my smile.The bouquet consisted of seven oxalis（醡漿草）flowers.Oxalis is a weed almost impossible to get rid of.Obviously Ariana had pulled these flowers out from her own yard or a neighbor's.

Her big sister smiled,"Aren't they lovely,Grandma Bonnie?And they only cost a dollar for the whole bunch.It's all for Ariana's preschool."The girls' plan did amuse me."All right," I agreed,"one dollar coming up."

Alyssa put the bill in her sister's skirt pocket.Then Ariana handed me my purchase."Uh,"I suggested,"why don't you just keep the flowers and the money? Then you could sell the flowers to someone else."Both girls stared at me, horrified."Oh,no,"Ariana cried."We picked them just for you.See,they're beautiful!"

And so they were.A week later,the flowers were twice as many as when my little neighbor handed them to me.What a bargain!

I had called these tiny plants "weeds"—disgusting,worthless things with no right to exist.But in their innocent hearts,those two little girls saw them as a precious creation to treasure and share out of loving hearts to brighten the day of a lonely old "Grandma".

1.Those two little girls paid a visit to the author to .

A. say hello to their new neighbor

B. introduce the little sister to her

C. bring her some beautiful flowers

D. collect money for a special purpose

2.What did the author want to do after knowing the girls' wish?

A. Refuse the girls' request directly.

B. Pay one dollar for the whole bunch.

C. Put the bill into the little girl's pocket.

D. Donate money without accepting flowers.

3.How did the author feel when seeing those tiny plants a week later?

A. Grateful. B. Disgusted.

C. Fortunate. D. Desperate.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A. Sold a Bunch of Flowers B. Picked Flowers Just for You

C. Raised Money for Preschool D. Delighted an Old Grandma

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：福建省莆田市2016-2017學年高一下學期第一次月考英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

Baron Pierre de Coubertin was a Frenchman. At his time sports were not taught in French schools. De Coubertin believed that sports should go hand in hand with studies. He had an idea. His idea was to begin the Olympics all over again.

Sports teachers of other countries liked de Coubertion’s ideas. So in 1896, the modern Olympic Games were held in Athens（雅典）, Greece. Since then the Olympics have been held once every four years, except three times, when there were wars.

Before the start of the Olympic Games, runners carry lighted torch（火炬）through many nations towards the stadium（運動場）where the games will be held. These sportsmen are from different countries. Yet they work together to carry the Olympic torch. It is passed from runner to runner. When the last runner enters the stadium, he or she places the torch in a special（專門的）basin filled with oil. It catches fire. It is then, only then, that the Olympic Games can begin.

The Olympic flame（火焰）burns throughout the games. It is the flame of peace.

1.Before 1896 French schools didn’t teach_____ .

A. maths B. history

C. sports D. physics

2.De Coubertin_______________.

A. was the first man to start the Olympic Games

B. helped start the modern Olympic Games

C. believed that sports were less important than studies

D. failed to begin the modern Olympic Games

3.According to this passage, the third modern Olympic Games should have been held in_________ .

A. 1915 B. 1924

C. 1896 D. 1904

4.“Marathon” in this passage is _______________.

A. a foot race B. a jumping contest（比賽）

C. field sports D. a boxing（拳擊）match

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省丹陽市2016-2017學年牛津譯林版Module 5 Unit 1 Test4單元測試英語試卷 題型：單項填空

My daughter often makes a schedule to get herself ________ of what she is to do in the day.

A. remind B. to remind

C. reminded D. reminding

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省丹陽市2016-2017學年牛津譯林版Module 5 Unit 1 Test4單元測試英語試卷 題型：單項填空

He never dreamed of ________a chance for him to win the first prize in the race.

A. there being B. there to be

C. it was D. it being

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（全國卷3精編版） 題型：短文填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1. (rest). Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 2. model in New York.

Sarah 3. (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 4.has taken part in shows along with top models wants 5. (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her6.(educate).

She has turned down several 7.(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 8. engineering or architecture.

Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9.(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is10.(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：黑龍江省大慶市2016-2017學年高一下學期開學考試英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

I ran into a local store today to pick up a few things. With an important meeting to attend, I was in a hurry , so I didn’t take a cart (手推車) on my way inside. As I walked between the shelves in the store, I passed by a young couple and their baby. I continued going through the store, picked up a few items I needed and ended up standing behind this couple in the checkout line.

While waiting, I noticed that the young father was holding his money tightly and nervously. The young mother was carrying a baby in her arms and asked the cashier (收銀員) for a job application.

When the total was rung up, they had to pick items out of their cart because they didn’t have enough money. But all their items were basic necessities(必需品) that they needed most. It just broke my heart to watch the couple try to think about what they could do without. However, they were able to whittle down their items and paid the bill with the money that they had.

After they left, I quietly asked the cashier to add those items to mine. The cashier rang everything up, and then got me a shopping cart. We put in their items and I hurried over to their car. “This is for you,” I told them.

The young father just looked at me with such appreciation and thanked me. I will never forget the expression in his eyes. As I was getting into my car, they drove over. The young mother said, “Miss, thank you so much.”

Tears welled up in my eyes---as they are again now, while I write this. “You are so welcome. Pay it forward some day,” I replied.

1.The underlined phrase “whittle down” in Paragraph 3 probably means “__________”.

A. add to B. break down

C. pay for D. cut down

2.The author felt __________ to watch the couple taking some items out.

A. angry B. sad

C. excited D. interested

3.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.

A. the young mother didn’t have a job then

B. the young father felt so sorry to accept help

C. the cashier treated the young couple impolitely

D. the young couple bought something unnecessary

4.The author ’ s main purpose in sharing the story is to tell us __________.

A. what a great plan she made

B. to take a cart while shopping

C. to help those who are in need

D. how to pick out basic necessities

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案