18．Grasshoppers are having to change their song-one of the iconic sounds of summer-to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic，ecologists have discovered．The study，published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology，is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations．Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons，including marking out territory，warning of predators and finding mates，and although previous research shows birds，whales and even frogs change their calls in noisy environments，the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now．Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers，half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads．The grasshoppers use their song to attract mates．
     The team then studied the differences in the two groups'songs in the laboratory．To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper，and then recorded their courtship songs．Analysis of almost 1，000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations．
     According to Lampe："Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components．We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song，which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum（頻譜）．"
     The team's findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshopper's mating system（交配系統(tǒng)）．"Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways．It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly，prevent females from recognising males of their own species，or impair females'ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song，"Lampe explains．
     Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication，the researchers now want to learn more about how the mechanism works，and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae（幼蟲(chóng)），or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences．
     The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe．Adults occur mainly between July and September，preferring dry grasslands．Around 1.5 cm long，they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple．The male's song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude （振幅） towards the end．The beginning of a phrase is characterised by slower ticking sounds that increase in speed and amplitude，leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase．A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases．
63．The author wrote the article toC．
A．introduce how grasshoppers make noises to attract mates．
B．raise the awareness of protecting bow-winged grasshoppers．
C．inform us of a recent discovery of ecological research．
D．warn us that human-made noise has changed ecological system．
64．Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage？B
A．Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate．
B．Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment．
C．Grasshoppers'songs include both low and high frequency components．
D．Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe．
65．What does the underlined word"impair"in the fourth paragraph mean？C
A．repair        B．develop        C．weaken         D．improve
66．Which of the following statements is true according the passage？A
A．Road noise can cover the lower-frequency part of their song．
B．Animals make sounds only for the purpose of finding mates．
C．Grasshopper larvae learn to adapt to human-made noise．
D．Bow-winged grasshoppers grow up into adults in spring．

分析 這篇文章主要是告訴我們生態(tài)學(xué)研究的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，蚱蜢為了適應(yīng)嘈雜的環(huán)境會(huì)改變聲音．

解答 CBCA
63．答案 C 寫(xiě)作意圖題：根據(jù)第一段的句子：The study，published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology，is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations．可知作者寫(xiě)這篇文章主要是告訴我們生態(tài)學(xué)研究的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以選C．
64．答案 B 主旨大意題：根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和第一段的句子：Grasshoppers are having to change their song-one of the iconic sounds of summer-to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic，可知這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是蚱蜢為了適應(yīng)嘈雜的環(huán)境會(huì)改變聲音，所以選B．
65．答案 C 猜測(cè)詞義題：根據(jù)第四段的句子：It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly，prevent females from recognizing males of their own species，和prevent這樣的詞并列，可知"impair"的意思是"削弱"的意思，所以選C．
66．答案 A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第三段的句子：We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song，which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum（頻譜）．"可知公路上的噪音會(huì)覆蓋它們歌聲中的低頻部分，所以選A．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 閱讀理解題主要考查考生對(duì)書(shū)面語(yǔ)篇的整體領(lǐng)悟能力和接受及處理具體信息的能力．試題的取材，密切聯(lián)系當(dāng)前我國(guó)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等方面的變化，有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的來(lái)源真實(shí)可信．因此科普知識(shí)類(lèi)文章是每年的必考題．分析歷年的科普類(lèi)文章我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)：
1、文章邏輯性強(qiáng)，條理清楚，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，用語(yǔ)通俗．
2、文章內(nèi)容注重科技領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)．內(nèi)容新穎，從而使文章顯得陌生，內(nèi)容抽象復(fù)雜．
3、命題方面注意對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)確理解和以之為依據(jù)的推理判斷．
4、以人們的日常行為或飲食健康入手，探討利弊，詮釋過(guò)程，闡述概念．

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55．What does Paragraph 2talk about？B
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C．The background of the phenomenon．
D．The details of the phenomenon．
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

7．It is，perhaps，no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were amazingly  versatile men．Right up until very recent times，it was possible for an intelligent person to be familiar with almost every branch of knowledge．Thus，men of genius like Leonardo da Cinci or Sir Philip Sidney，engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course．Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions，that he hardly found the time to complete his paintings； Sidney，who died in battle when he was only thirty-two years old，was not only a great soldier，but a brilliant scholar and poet as well．Both these men came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance （文藝復(fù)興） ideal of the‘universal man'，the man who was expert at everything．
Today，we rarely，if ever，hear that a musician has just invented a new type of space rocket．Knowledge has become divided and subdivided into countless，narrowly-defined fields．The specialist is respected； the versatile person，far from being admired，is more often regarded with distrust．The modern world is a world of highly-skilled‘experts'who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows．
With this high degree of specialization，the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before．But this has not been achieved without considerable cost．The scientist，who outside his own particular subject is little more than a fool，is a modern phenomenon； as is the man of letters who is hardly aware of the rapid progress that has been made in technology．Similarly，specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life．Many activities which were once pursued （追求） for their own sakes，are often given up in despair：they require techniques，the experts tell us，which take a lifetime to master．Why learn to play the piano，when you can listen to the world's greatest pianists in your own drawing-room？
Little by little，we are becoming more and more separate from each other．It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job，even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are．The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most admirable scientists in the country．Yet it is highly confusing to find that even here，as one of its fellows put it，at an academic（學(xué)術(shù)的） lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!

57．The underlined expression"versatile men"refers toC．
A．highly-skilled specialists   B．brilliant scholars
C．talented people              D．a(chǎn)dmirable scientists
58．According to the passage，if da Vinci and Sydney lived in the modern world，D．
A．they would enjoy a better reputation
B．people would look up to them in amazement
C．they might have made greater achievements
D．they might not be truly appreciated by people
59．By quoting"at lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said"，the writer wants to show that the high-degree specializationD．
A．has made scientists unwilling to share their achievements
B．has widened the academic gap between scientists in the same field
C．has indirectly affected people in every walk of life
D．has brought about a significant increase in interpersonal distance
60．The writer of the passage takes aBattitude towards the high-degree specialization．
A．pessimistic  B．negative  C．supportive  D．friendly．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：選擇題

8．…Will you go to the meeting for their discussion？
…No，______ invited．I don't feel like getting involved in their business．（　�。�
A．unlessB．untilC．even ifD．otherwise

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