Last week I talked with some of my students about what they wanted to do after they graduated, and what kind of job prospects they thought they had.

Given that I teach students who are training to be doctors, I was surprised to find that most thought that they would not be able to get the jobs they wanted without “outside help”. “What kind of help is that?” I asked, expecting them to tell me that they would need a relative or family friend to help them out.

“Surgery(外科手術(shù))”, one replied.

I was pretty alarmed by that response. It seems that the graduates of today are increasingly willing to go under the knife to get ahead of others when it comes to getting a job.

One girl told me that she was considering surgery to increase her height. “They break your legs, put in special extending screws, and slowly expand the gap between the two ends of the bone as it re-grows, you can get at least 5 cm taller!”

At that point, I was shocked. I am short, I can’t deny that, but I don’t think I would put myself through months of agony(痛苦) just to be a few centimeters taller. I don’t even bother to wear shoes with thick soles, as I’m not trying to hide the fact that I am just not tall!

It seems to me that there is a trend toward wanting “perfection”, and that is an ideal that just does not exist in reality.

No one is born perfect, yet magazines, TV shows and movies present images of thin, tall, beautiful people as being the norm. Advertisements for slimming aids, beauty treatments and cosmetic surgery clinics fill the pages of newspapers, further creating an idea that “perfection” is a requirement, and that it must be purchased, no matter what the cost.

In my opinion, skills, rather than appearance, should determine how successful a person is in his chosen career.

1.We can know from the passage that the author works as ________.

A. a doctor B. a model

C. a teacher D. a reporter

2.Many graduates today turn to cosmetic s surgery to ________.

A. marry a better man\woman

B. become a model

C. get an advantage over others in job-hunt

D. attract more admirers

3.According to the passage, the author believes that ________.

A. everyone should purchase perfection, whatever the cost

B. it’s right for graduates to ask for others to help them out in hunting for jobs

C. it is one’s appearance instead of skills that really matters in one’s career

D. media are to blame for misleading young people in their seeking for surgery

4.The best title for the passage should be “________”.

A. Young Graduates Have Higher Expectation

B. Young Graduates Look to Surgery for Better Jobs

C. Young Graduates’ Opinion About Cosmetic Surgery

D. Young Graduates Face a Different Situation in Job-hunt

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年江蘇蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三下學(xué)期教學(xué)情況調(diào)研一英語試卷（解析版） 題型：其他題

“I invented a new word. How do I get it into the dictionary?”

This is, by far, the question lexicographers(詞典編纂者）hear the most. People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it into the dictionary? When lexicographers decide what words to add to dictionaries, they try to imagine what words users actually want to look up. There are important factors to keep in mind here.

1）Is the word in widespread usage?

The usage question is an important one that gets at the heart of how dictionaries are written. When modem lexicographers try to add words to dictionaries, they tend to approach their work from the angle of descriptivism — that is, they observe how the language is being used, see if it, s a common phenomenon, and then write definitions based on their research.

2）Does the word have staying power?

Widespread usage does not, however, guarantee a word a shiny new definition in a dictionary. Is the word going to stay around for a while, or is it just a passing fad? Is it likely to be in use in 5, 10, 20, or even 100 years? These are important questions to ask because there are far more updates and new words to be added to dictionaries than lexicographers have time to write.

3）Are you famous? Do you have influence?

If you’re famous, that could definitely up your chances of getting a word into a dictionary. Are you a writer? That could help. Take, for example, William Shakespeare, who invented (or at least popularized) hundreds of words and phrases commonly used today. Politicians also make their contributions. Abraham Lincoln invented the word neologize, and Winston Churchill has the first citation(引語）in the OED for many words, including fluffily and fly-in. So if you’re a person with influence and a following, the words you use can spread into common usage, which, as discussed above, is very important when it comes to gaining dictionary-entry.

4）Does the word fill a gap in the language?

If you’re not famous, there are other ways. Maybe you’re a scientist introducing new concepts to the public. Take, for example, the Higgs Boson particle(粒子), named after physicist Peter W. Higgs. But you don’t have to be a scientist to get your word a dictionary entry. Just look at Dominique Ansel, the pastry chef (糕點(diǎn)師) who captured the stomachs of New Yorkers with his dessert, the cronat. His invention even inspired copycats in the form of doissants and daffins.

Apart from these, it does sometimes help if the word is fun to say. The term blog is relatively new, which arose in 1999 when Peter Merholz made a light-hearted comment on the sidebar of his “weblog” telling his readers “I’ve decided to pronounce the word ‘weblog’ as wee’-blog. Or ‘blog’ for short.” And there’s also Dr. Seuss, who invented the term nerd.

So, why do some words make it into dictionaries while others don’t? With the knowledge discussed above in hand, the answer is more than obvious. Go forth! Use language creatively! Lexicographers are listening!

Title: How does a word gain 1.into the dictionary?

Reasons

Details

Examples

Being used 2.

With the approach of descriptivism, modem lexicographers will observe how commonly a word is used and 3.it according to their research.

Having staying power

The 4. a word remains in use, the more likely it is to be put into the dictionary.

Being invented by famous people

Chances of dictionary entry also 5. if the new word is invented by people of importance and influence.

hundreds of words and phrases invented by literary figures and 6..

7.a gap in the language

If a word introduces new scientific concepts, or 8. new inventions, it will probably get into the dictionary.

the Higgs Boson particle; cromit, doissants, duffins

the Higgs Boson particle; cromit, doissants,duffins

Being fun to say

Some words make it into dictionaries because they carry a 9.of fun when you use them.

10.nerd

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年安徽省江南十校高三期末大聯(lián)考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

There he was,standing still where I had left him and opening his mouth as if some-thing.

A.to say B.saying

C.to be saying D.having said

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年安徽省黃山市畢業(yè)班第二次質(zhì)量檢測英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

◆Walking tall, and safely

Some women simply refuse to give up high heels, despite slush ( 雪泥) , ice and snow. Now there's Winter Trax for them, designed to fit over high-heel boots and make their walk on the wild side a little more safe. Metal coils (圈 ) wrap around rubber at the front end of the shoe, with the heel end open.

◆Snow skirt steps up into fashion

Down with snow pants. Up with snow skirts! Montreal's Fantasy Wolrd Heroes has created these skirts to layer over minis and jeans as the snow season sets in. In a range of colors and available in wool, lends and quiltings, they come in four sizes and adjustable.

◆

Doc Martens, those army-inspired leather boots, are back. They were last popular when Kurt Cobain was all the rage(風(fēng)靡一時(shí) ). So far, just a few teens and fashion people have been spotted wearing the slight fat boots, but they have already appeared on stylish models like Irina Lazareanu and Agyness Deyn.

Neon stores sold Doc Martens 15 years ago and its owner Irving Tajfel wasn't sure at first if he was ready to relive the trend.

"I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw Doc Martens at a fashion fair in Barcelona last year. Then I saw all the cool fashion kids wearing them in Paris. That got me thinking that it was about time Doc Martens came back in style here." Tajfel said.

1.We can know from the passage that WinterTrax .

A. makes women like Doc Martens more

B. protects the back end of high-heel boots

C. makes women enjoy high-heel:boots in winter

D. protects women from being robbed

2.When in Barcelona last year, Irving Tajfel probably_ .

A. wore a pair of Doc Martens

B. found Doc Martens was put on show

C. placed an order for Doc Martens

D. saw fashion kids wearing Doc Martens

3.Which of the following can be used to fill in the blank?

A. Leather boots are popular again

B. Kurt Cobain and its music

C. How to choose high-quality boots

D. Doc Martens make a brave return

4.What is this passage mainly about?

A. High-heel boots. B. Seasons.

C. Clothes fashion. D. Weather.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年安徽省黃山市畢業(yè)班第二次質(zhì)量檢測英語試卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

The new policy allows a couple to have a second birth____either is an only child.

A. if only B. on condition that

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How did you find out it is my birthday today?

---_______.

A. I mean it

B. A little bird told me

C. It’s a deal

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學(xué)年安徽合肥市高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

More than half a century ago, there were 4, 000 drive-in movie theaters in the United States, and watching a movie from your car was a popular way to spend an evening. But with the number of drive-ins reduced to just a few hundred, outdoor movie has been popping up across the nation. Going to an open-air theater has become a modern summer pastime for an increasing number of movie fans.

In recent years, outdoor movie screenings have come up in parks, vacant lots and shopping malls around the nation. On average, about 1,000 people attend each movie night. It attracts a lot of young professionals, young workers and residents nearby. For some, the outdoor movies bring back the memories of the drive-in theaters of their youths. But for the majorities, they think it is comparable to the atmosphere of drive-ins, as they can bring friends, food, good wine, and watch the movie together.

The returning of Americans’ love affair with outdoor movies makes Stephen Bastas ever busier. His seven-member crew sets up screens in various locations mostly in the Washington area every day throughout the summer. They are doing pretty well and they hope to continue the trend. And it looks like they are going to. That’s because many fans say there is nothing like watching a movie on a breezy summer evening under the stars.

1.In the first paragraph, the author tries to tell us _____.

A. outdoor movies attracts more movie-lovers

B. summer brings back more drive-in movie fans

C. drive-in movie theaters have already disappeared

D. watching a movie from your car is becoming more popular

2.Most people choose to go to an outdoor movie mainly because they can _____.

A. have snacks before the movie

B. cheer up with young friends

C. bring back good old days

D. enjoy the casual atmosphere

3.From the text, we can learn that Stephen Bastas is most probably _____.

A. a movie maker

B. an outdoor movie fan

C. a movie director

D. an open-air theater operator

4.How does Stephen Bastas feel about the future of outdoor movie?

A. Optimistic. B. Amazed

C. Worried. D. Disappointed.

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The Bakers intend to buy a house but _____ must be within their power.

A.they B.one C.it D.which

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年重慶市高三12月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

In spite of the uncertainty of the economy, the movie industry has been stricken by a box-office outburst. Suddenly it seems as if everyone is going to the movies, with ticket sales this year up 17.5 percent, to $1.7 billion.

And it is not just because ticket prices are higher. Attendance has also jumped, by nearly 16 percent. If that pace continues through the year, it would amount to the biggest box-office increase in at least two decades.

Americans, for the moment, just want to hide in a very dark place. People want to forget their troubles, and they want to be with other people. Helping feed the outburst is the mix of movies, which have been more audience-friendly in recent months as the studios have tried to adjust after the discouraging sales of more serious films.

As she stood in line at the 18-screen Bridge theater complex here on Thursday to buy weekend tickets for “Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience,” Angel Hernandez was not thinking much about escaping reality. Instead, Ms. Hernandez, a Los Angeles parking lot attendant and mother of four young girls, was focused on one very specific reality: her wallet.

“Spending hundreds of dollars to take them to Disneyland is ridiculous right now,” she said. “For $60 and some candy money I can still be a good mom and give them a little fun.”

A lot of parents may have been thinking the same thing Friday, as “Jonas Brothers” sold out more than 800 theaters, and was expected to sell a powerful $25 million or more in tickets.

The film industry appears to have had a hand in its recent good luck. Over the last year or two, studios have released movies that are happier, scarier or just less depressing than what came before. After poor results for a rush of serious dramas built around the Middle East, Hollywood got back to comedies.

1.Which of the following is not a reason for the improvement of the movie industry?

A. A growing number of people are going to the cinema.

B. People are richer with the development of economy.

C. More comedies are made than serious films.

D. People have to pay more to watch a movie.

2.Ms. Hernandez purchased the movie tickets because ________.

A. she tried to escape reality

B. she was a crazy movie fan

C. she was fond of Disneyland

D. she wanted to please her kids

3.According to the text, which of the following number is not used to describe the shooting up of the movie industry?

A. 17.5% B. $1.7 billion

C. $60 D. $25 million

4.The passage is developed mainly by ________.

A. presenting the effect and analyzing the causes

B. following the order of time

C. describing problems and drawing a conclusion

D. making comparison of ideas

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