Question

【題目】At no time in history has there been such a mass(大規(guī)模的) movement of people from the countryside to the city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it’s estimated（估計） that more than two thirds of the world’s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities today—overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty(貧窮) and lack of food and water—will be twice as bad, unless we find solutions soon.

Another serious issue is how to provide good transportation for their citizens. Many of the world’s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures(基本設(shè)施). How can they deal with the additional demands?

London is a good example. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the world’s first underground railway. But its transport system are now hopelessly out-of-date and need urgent modernization. London’s future success depends very much on developing better public transport.

Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, together with the people who live in London, want a public transport system that is efficient, safe and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Passengers complain about cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have in getting to work on time. Yes, the proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over ten percent in the early 1950s to over sixty percent today.

As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action must be taken soon.

【1】The passage is mainly written to tell us that ________.

A. it’s difficult to solve the problem faced by cities today

B. overpopulation causes the problems in cities like London

C. possible solutions to cities’ transport problems will be found soon

D. public transport plays an important role in developments in major cities

【2】The underlined word “they” in fourth paragraph refers to _______.

A. the citizens in the city of London

B. those who come to London from other places

C. passengers who make complaints about the cost

D. businesses who are anxious about their staff getting to work late

【3】From the passage we know that the mass movement to the city will cause the following problems EXCEPT_____________.

A. poverty B. unemployment

C. better environment D. poor transportation

【4】The underlined words “environmentally friendly” is closest in meaning to ________.

A. pleasant and nonpolluting B. cheap and punctual

C. quick and straight D. fair and convenient

【5】We can infer that in the following paragraph the writer would most probably deal with ______.

A. traffic jams in London streets

B. London’s future in train and air travel

C. possible solutions to London’s traffic problems

D. the improvement of the citizen’s living conditions

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】C

【4】A

【5】C

【解析】

試題分析：這篇文章主要講越來越多的農(nóng)村人口向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移，從而給城鎮(zhèn)帶來一系列的問題，人口擁擠、城市失業(yè)率高、房屋緊缺等。并以倫敦為例，向我們展示農(nóng)村人口城市化所造成的問題。

【1】B主旨大意題。本篇文章的前兩段主要講現(xiàn)在社會所面臨的趨勢：越來越多的農(nóng)村人口向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移，從而給城鎮(zhèn)帶來一系列的問題，人口擁擠、城市失業(yè)率高、房屋緊缺等。接著后面幾段以倫敦為例，證實了這樣的問題。所以此題選B。

【2】B細節(jié)理解題。由上文Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city.可知超過百萬的外來人來到倫敦市中心，接著就提到“they”，所以這里的“他們”是指從其他地方來到倫敦的人。故選B。

【3】C細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty(貧窮) and lack of food and water可知農(nóng)村人口城市化所要面臨的困難有人口擁擠，失業(yè)，貧窮等，第二段還提到Many of the world’s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures(基本設(shè)施).許多地方還會造成基本設(shè)施壓力過大等問題。綜合起來可知C不符合題意，故選C。

【4】A推理判斷題。聯(lián)系劃線處后文What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Passengers complain about cost and pollution可知，然而他們所面對的是惡劣的環(huán)境和高昂的價格。這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折了，所以上文中的environmentally friendly肯定是表示與之相反的意思了，根據(jù)詞義環(huán)境友好，我們可以推斷這里是指沒有污染，空氣清新。故選A。

【5】C推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action must be taken soon.人口增多，城市變得越來越擁擠，所以人們要開始意識到這一嚴重的問題，并且要馬上采取行動。所以我們可以推斷作者在下一段是要提出解決辦法。故選C。