When did you last see a polar bear(北極熊)? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃,and the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don't agree about the medical effects of cold-winter swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循環(huán)系統(tǒng)) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, "When I go into water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."
小題1:The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that____.
A．they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months
B．they must reach the age of 60
C．they should be easy to make friends with
D．they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February
小題2:According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that_____.
A．polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water
B．cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
C．you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
D．cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter
小題3:The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for_____.
A．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
B．they can remain young
C．they find it enjoyable and interesting
D．they might meet fewer troubles in life
小題4:The passage is mainly about_____.
A．the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
B．a(chǎn) group of cold-water-swimming lovers
C．the Polar Bears' life in New York
D．doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B

試題分析:
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題，由第一段第六行New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.可以知道答案，故選B。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題，由第二段第二行Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops.可以知道答案，因此，答案為 D。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題，由最后一段第二句話The Polar Bears love to swim all year round; they find it fun and relaxing.可以知道答案，故選C。
小題4:推理題，由文章的主要意思“北極熊愛在冷水里引出人能否在較冷水里洗澡”，所以可以推出文章主要寫給愛在冷水里洗澡的愛好者，所以選B
點評：本文說明了人能否在冷水里洗澡。對于文章中的細(xì)節(jié)題，要注意文章中的細(xì)節(jié)的理解。對于推理題，要求學(xué)生有很強(qiáng)的推理能力，能從已給出的句子推出未知的�？忌紫纫屑�(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。
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小題2:
A．commonB．the sameC．changeableD．different
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C．Elderly lighter-skinned people.D．Young darker-skinned people.
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Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one's life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.
But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.
For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups. “The literature,” says one researcher,  Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.”
小題1:The main idea of the passage is that _______.
A．breakfast has nothing to do with people's health
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C．breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car
D．breakfast is not as important as we thought before
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A．several studies have been done in the past few years
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D．eating little in the morning is good for health
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B．not giving people breakfast improves work
C．having breakfast does not improve work, either
D．people having breakfast do improve their work, too
小題4:The word "literature" in the last sentence refers to _______.
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Although considered an excellent form of exercise, jumping rope has never received widespread acceptance because of two reasons. First,most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, but they also believe that it is simply too difficult. In other words, they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes in order to achieve a beneficial physical effect. Second, many regard it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive —not as something fun or enjoyable.
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Nowadays researchers are discovering that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning . It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres（半球）to perform equallyto each other . In short, jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment, time and space , yet leading to a much healthier life.
小題1:The main purpose of the first paragraph is to tell us that         .
A．people would rather have exercise in a gym than do sports outside
B．there seems to be too much advanced equipment for people to use
C．racing around the playground was regarded as children’s favorite sport
D．jumping rope has escaped from people’s memories in modern society
小題2:One reason that can explain why rope jumping has not spread widely is that_____.
A．it benefits the cardiovascular system
B．it is too difficult for people to learn to jump
C．it is believed to be boring and repetitive
D．it requires little equipment, time and space
小題3:The first sentence in Paragraph 3 implies that       in rope jumping .
A．there is only one proper way to follow
B．the usual way should not be used again
C．the easiest way is always the best one
D．there are different kinds of ways to follow
小題4:According to the researchers , jumping rope          .
A．only prepares the brain for learning
B．is suitable for students only
C．helps both brain hemispheres work together
D．can be dangerous for old people
小題5:What is the author’s attitude towards rope jumping ?
A．He strongly argues against it.
B．He is in favour of it.
C．He is sitting on the fence of it .
D．He knows little about it .

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