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(Reuters) - A U.N. climate deal due to be agreed in Copenhagen at talks from December 7-18 may fall short of a legally binding(有約束力的) agreement. If Copenhagen fails to live up to hopes of a strong agreement to slow global warming, what are the reasons and who risks blame? The following are some of the candidates:

● Decline in economy distracted(分散) focus from climate change after the world agreed in Bali, Indonesia, in 2007 to work out a new U.N. agreement by December 2009. Rich nations have put billions of dollars into green growth as part of recovery packages but, when unemployment at home is high, find it hard to promise extra money for developing countries. The slowdown in industrial output means a brief fix -- greenhouse gas emissions(排放) are likely to fall by as much as 3 percent this year.

● Many delegates at U.N. talks have given up hope that the United States, the number two emitter after China, will agree legislation(立法, 法律) to limit carbon emissions before Copenhagen. The US is the only industrialized nation outside the Kyoto Protocol(京都協(xié)議書(shū)) for cutting greenhouse emissions until 2012. Many countries welcomed President Barack Obama's promises of doing more to fight climate change when he took office in January but hoped for swifter action.

● Developing nations accuse the rich of repeatedly failing to keep promises of more aid. Few developed countries live up to a target agreed by the U.N. General Assembly in 1970 to give 0.7 percent of their gross domestic product in development aid. Other plans, such as the Agenda 21 environmental development plan agreed in 1992, have fallen short.

● Most rich nations are promising cuts in greenhouse gas emissions well short of the 25-40 percent below 1990 levels by 2020, which are needed to avoid the worst of climate change. Overall cuts promised by developed nations total between 11 and 15 percent. Best offers by countries including Japan, the European Union, Australia and Norway would reach the range.

● More than 90 percent of the growth in emissions between now and 2030 is set to come from developing nations -- with almost 50 percent from China alone, U.S. climate envoy Todd Stern said this week. "No country holds the fate of the earth more in its hands than China. Not one," he said. China and India say they are slowing the growth of emissions but raising living standards is more important. So burning more energy is unavoidable -- as industrialized nations have done for 200 years.

● 2008 was the 10th warmest year since records began in the mid-19th century. The warmest was 1998, when a strong El Nino event in the eastern Pacific disrupted(使混亂) weather worldwide. That has led some to argue that global warming is slowing even though the U.N.'s WMO(世界氣象組織) says a long-term warming trend is unchanged.

● People have been slow in changing lifestyles to use less carbon. Simple choices like taking more public transport, using less heating or air conditioning, even changing light bulbs can help if millions of people act.(508)

Who's to blame if U.N. climate deal falls short?

Possible candidates

Supporting Details

___71___downturn

● Faced with the______72____ rising unemployment, rich countries fail to give more aid to developing ones.

●____73_____industrial output brings about a temporary relief from the pressure of greenhouse gas emissions.

United States

● It’s the only industrialized country outside the Kyoto Protocol.

● Immediate____74____ was expected to be taken by President Obama to fight climate change.

Rich-Poor divide

● Developed nations are____75____ by the poor for repeatedly breaking promises of aid.

Developed nations

● There is a huge ____76____between the overall cuts promised by developed nations and those required to avoid climate catastrophe.

Developing nations

● The increase in emissions from developing nations ____77____for 90% between now and 2030.

● Developing nations need to give ___78____to raising living standards by burning more energy.

The weather

● The worldwide disorder caused by El Nino has ____79____some people into believing that global warming is slowing.

The public

● People should be ____80____ to change lifestyles to use less carbon.

71. Economic    72. domestic   73. Less    74. action   75.  blamed   76. gap

77. accounts    78.  priority   79.  misled   80. encouraged / urged

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

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　　A major source of teen stress is school exams, and test anxiety is not uncommon. When you recognize your teen is under stress, how can parents help your teen stay calm before an exam?

　　Be involved. Parents need to be involved in their teen’s work. 　66   What they look for is your patience—to talk, to cry, or simply to sit with them quietly. Communicate openly with your teen. Encourage your teen to express her worries and fears, but don’t let them focus on those fears.

　　Help them get organized. 　67  Together, you and your teen can work out a timetable in which she can study for what she knows will be on the test.

　　Provide a calm setting. Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect her privacy. Give them a nutritious diet. It is important for your teen to eat a healthy, balanced diet during exam times to focus and do her best. 　68  If this happens, encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches.

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　　A. Encourage your teen to relax.

　　B. The best thing is simply to be there.

　　C. They will only make the situation worse.

　　D. Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite (食欲).

　　E. A parent’s attitude will affect their teen’s emotions.

　　F. Your teen may also make negative comments about themselves.

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People unhappy with the rich: Poll

  There is growing dissatisfaction toward rich people, according to a new online poll. The poll by the China Youth Daily in collaboration(與…合作) with Sina.com has highlighted the apparent discontent (不滿(mǎn))over the country's widening income gap. Nearly 8,000 people filled in online questionnaires last week, and when asked to use three words to describe society's rich, the top responses were "extravagant"(奢侈的), "greedy" and "corrupt".About 57 percent of those polled said that "extravagant" was the best word to describe the rich, followed closely by "greedy".Ironically, despite their dissatisfaction, 93 percent of those polled wished they could be rich too, and that richer people should be "socially responsible".Some 33 percent of respondents also praised rich people for being "smart".Nearly 90 percent of respondents agreed that most people in society, including themselves, were willing to speak up for the poor but were reluctant to take action and actually do something for them.The survey comes on the heels of a heated debate over comments made by renowned economist Mao Yushi, who said he was "speaking for the rich and working for the poor".A report released by the Asian Development Bank last Wednesday revealed that China's Gini coefficient - an indicator of the wealth divide - rose from 0.407 in 1993 to 0.473 in 2004.

An earlier CASS report said that the richest 10 percent of Chinese families now own more than 40 percent of all private assets, while the poorest 10 percent share less than 2 percent of the total wealth.The country's income disparity(懸殊) is close to that of Latin America, the report which came out in January, said.

  Theme

People unhappy with the rich

The poll by China Daily

Nearly 8,000 people filled in（36）_____ on the （37）_____last week.

There is an（38） _____ dissatisfaction tendency toward rich people.

Ironically, in （39）_____ of their dissatisfaction, 93 percent of the polled wished they could be rich too, and rich people should take “（40）______ responsibility”.

（41）______ ,Mao Yushi, said he was “speaking for the rich and working for the poor.”

A report （42）______ by the Asian Development Bank

The richest 10 percent of Chinese families now own more than 40 percent of all （43）_____ assets, while the poorest 10 percent （44）_____ for less than 2 percent of the total wealth.

The country’s income disparity is close to that of Latin America, the report came out in （45）______.

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A. Take some time to speak English

B. Join an English club

C. Have a mirror on the wall

D. Keep it short and simple

E. Listen to good English speakers

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Here are some tips to improve your spoken English.

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   Whatever you have learnt or read in a day, practice in front of the mirror. For a start, you can read something from newspapers, English magazines, and books. Take a passage and read it aloud. After you think your accent has improved, try reciting a poem in front of the mirror. This will increase your confidence as well.

2.

    Talk to your family members and friends in English. You can also organize debates and speeches on a low level, where everyone in your family or friend circle speaks on one topic for a few minutes. It will help you get over the fear of making mistakes, as you will be with your friends and family—your comfort zone.

3.

    Listen to people who you think are good English speakers. It will help you catch the skill better. You can also watch their videos, listen to them online, or even in person. It can be anyone from Barack Obama to your teacher in school. Find every opportunity to speak English.

4.

    You will meet people like you there and it will help you realize that you are not the only person who isn’t good at this subject. Also meeting different people will help you overcome your complex. You can also join coaching classes, which will provide you professional help in learning spoken English.

5.

Nothing is more beautiful than simplicity. So, instead of using an ambiguous(含糊不清的) language with tough words, go for simple words. Learning any new language is difficult and English is no exception. Start simple and go with the flow. With time, you would learn bigger words too.

 

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Nowadays, more and more people are using email, but sometimes we use it too much or use it inappropriately. To get the most out of email we need to use it carefully and sensibly. These are some simple tips to help you make a better use of email.

It is good to have separate email accounts for separate purposes. For example, you may have one for business and one for social activities. This means you can check the personal email in the evening without having to think about business. If you see an important message from your boss, it could ruin your weekend or evening. After all, most people want to relax themselves and get away from work at the end of the day. Don't allow email to make you a slave to work. Some people feel it is inconvenient to check 2 different email accounts. But the relative inconvenience is easily outweighed by the benefits.

Many people ignore the title of an email. If the subject changes don’t keep using an old “re: irrelevant title.” A good title increases the chance that people will actually read your email rather than just leaving it for later. A bad title may even get deleted as spam.(垃圾郵件)

Emails can be brief and to the point. If the message has to be long, make sure it is broken up into different sections, which are easy to read. But, generally you should aim to keep it less than 5 sentences. This is good for both the writer and the reader.

If somebody sends some important documents, files or message, make sure you, at least, acknowledge their receipt(接收). Otherwise they may be uncertain that you’ve got them. It doesn't have to be long; it can be quite short.

If you find yourself sending similar answers to many people, write a draft message and save it in your drafts folder (or write it in Word). You can use this standard response for emailing many people. Don’t forget to personalize it by adding their names.

Having a signature looks professional and saves typing the same information. Remember people may wish to contact you through other ways. So make sure you have a phone number and address in your email. If relevant, add any qualifications and websites that you have. This gives people a chance to find out more about you.

Title

Some tips for using email

Use different email accounts for different   81 

Even though you have to check different email accounts inconveniently, you can   82   your weekend or evening without worrying about your business.

Use a good title

Compared with a bad title, a good one makes it   83  for people to read the email.

Keep it   84 

To be brief and to the point, your email should be written   85   five sentences, which does good to not only you but the reader.

Acknowledge important emails

Email    86   telling him / her you’ve received what was sent.

Create a standard response

If you need to send   87   answers to different people, create a standard response for emailing them, with their names   88  .

Compose your signature

You’d better send your   89   with your name as well as your other information so that others can get in   90   with you in other ways.

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：安徽省巢湖市2010屆高三上學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（英語(yǔ)） 題型：其他題

任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分)

認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線(xiàn)上。

China's College Entrance Examination (CEE)in 1977 and 1978 changed the fate of a group of Chinese people with large age differences and from all walks of life. Thirty years later, some of them anxiously wait outside exam spots, praying for good luck for their only child.

The Chinese describe the CEE, or gaokao in Chinese, as "thousands of troops on a single--log bridge" because of the limited number of places at universities. For students in the countryside, the tough exams may be their only opportunity to escape the hardship of country life.

A survey conducted by the Ministry of Education and the China Youth Daily showed 89.6 percent of those people felt their fate was changed by the exam. Among those who said their fate was "totally changed", 69.1 percent came from the countryside and only 30.9 percent were from cities. Some Chinese think too much emphasis is placed on having a university diploma (文憑). It is believed that a person will not find a proper job without a college certificate, and that there are increasingly fewer jobs even for college graduates.

Although the CEE is still a major means of selecting people for higher education after 30 years of development, the society has gradually adjusted its standard, A lot of people think that the CEE needs reforming, but these reforms will have to be gradual. While debates over the exam continue, more people believe it is the only open, fair and just way of talent selection.

College Entrance Exam Shapes

Introduction

The fate of a group of Chinese people with a large (76)       

in their age and from all walks of life was changed by the CEE

in 1977 and 1978.

(77) ______

of the CEE

About eighty-nine percent of those people felt the exam changed

their (78) ________.

The CEE means more to those who come from the (79)       areas.

Different

opinions on

the CEE

It is descried as " thousands of troops on a single-log bridge" because

the number of places at universities is (80) _______.

Some Chinese think we (81)        having a university

diploma too much.

A lot of people think that the CEE needs to be (82) ________.

We should carry out the reforms (83) _______.

Conclusion

People continue (84)        over the exam,

It is believed to be the only open, fair and just way of (85) _______

talented people.

 

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