Question

【題目】It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drinkin moderationcan actually lose weight.

A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, “Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.” The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.

BostonUniversity’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions likediabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.

The group says alcohol provides calories that are quicklyabsorbed into the body and arenot stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those ofother foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles ofdifferent types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including thepast tendency of participants to gain weight.

For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on aregular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years agosuggested that resveratrol白藜蘆醇, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.

【1】The passage is mainly for those_________

A. who produce wine B. who go on a diet

C. who have a drinking habit D. who are eager to lose weight

【2】The underlined phrase“ in moderation” in the first paragraph means_________．

A. excitedly B. carefully

C. frequently D. properly

【3】What can we learn from the passage

A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.

B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.

C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.

D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.

【4】What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A. How to do some easy experiments.

B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.

C. How to make wine in a healthy way.

D. How to prove the finding mentioned above.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，酗酒的確會(huì)讓人發(fā)胖，但適量飲酒并不會(huì)影響我們的健康，反而會(huì)有利于我們的健康。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet.可知新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一天喝一杯酒可能會(huì)形成一種新的飲食方式�？芍�文章是寫(xiě)給那些有飲酒習(xí)慣的人，告訴他們要有節(jié)制地飲酒。故C項(xiàng)正確。

【2】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)本段最后一句“while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drinkin moderationcan actually lose weight.盡管酗酒的人的確發(fā)胖，但是…”其中的關(guān)鍵詞“while盡管…”表示上下文的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以后句中“in moderation”與heavy drinkers形成呼應(yīng)。故該詞意為“合理的”，指適量飲酒有利于減肥。故D項(xiàng)正確。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.”可知適量飲酒不會(huì)讓人發(fā)胖。故C項(xiàng)正確。

【4】推理判斷題。文章最后一句What’s more, a study three years agosuggested that resveratrol白藜蘆醇, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells提到白藜蘆醇會(huì)消滅肥胖細(xì)胞。文章接下來(lái)應(yīng)該證明這種酒為什么會(huì)有這樣的效果。故D項(xiàng)正確。

本文【1、3、4】都考查了判斷推理題，推理判斷題在高考中占很大的比重，學(xué)生在此類題型中也失分最多。推理判斷題要求考生考慮文中信息并在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意，弦外之音做出合理的推理和判斷。

（一）、理解定義。判斷是對(duì)已知的事實(shí)仔細(xì)評(píng)價(jià)之后做出的合理決定。推理是對(duì)事實(shí)的內(nèi)涵所做的陳述或以事實(shí)為依據(jù)對(duì)未知所做的陳述。注意無(wú)論是判斷還是推理都是以已知事實(shí)為依據(jù)。

（二）、推理題常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式。常以infer，imply，indicate，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等詞提問(wèn)�；蚝�有表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的動(dòng)詞，如probably，most likely等。

（三）、具體策略

　　1.通過(guò)辨認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)的技巧，找到相關(guān)的事實(shí)或證據(jù)，對(duì)這些事實(shí)或證據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)價(jià)，在此基礎(chǔ)上再作決定。切記：推斷是以文章提供的事實(shí)為依據(jù)，而不是憑空想象，更不是讀者自己的意愿。

　　2.借助常識(shí)。在推理判斷題中，我們平時(shí)積累的一些常識(shí)通常會(huì)派上用場(chǎng)。一篇關(guān)于通信發(fā)展史的閱讀最為典型。A. The postal service has over the years become faster. B. The postal service has over the years become slower. 大家都應(yīng)知道交通越來(lái)越發(fā)達(dá)，郵電業(yè)當(dāng)然是faster. 此篇還涉及到有關(guān)發(fā)郵件的常識(shí)，如果同學(xué)們有這個(gè)common sense，就如魚(yú)得水了。

　　3. 務(wù)必要用排除法。排除法在此類題型中發(fā)揮著不可磨滅的作用。根據(jù)在文章中找到的事實(shí)依據(jù)和常識(shí)排除錯(cuò)誤信息，再排除和文章中一詞不差的信息(文章里的原句不會(huì)是推理判斷出來(lái)的結(jié)果，但通過(guò)同義詞或句型轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)的選項(xiàng)有可能是正確答案)，最后再排除無(wú)關(guān)或偏離信息，正確答案就不言而喻了。

　　4.詞句段篇，相互交融。詞的理解要放在句子里，句子的理解要靠段，段的理解也離不開(kāi)篇。單獨(dú)說(shuō)floor誰(shuí)都知道是什么意思，但…she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover，in her own handwriting…這個(gè)語(yǔ)境里是surprised的意思。因此不能獨(dú)立地看某個(gè)詞或某句話。此外，學(xué)生對(duì)一詞多義或一些習(xí)語(yǔ)的積累也是很有必要的，這就要靠同學(xué)們課下多下工夫了。