Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn
income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes
employers and the self-employed. Labor is one of the country's resources which can be combined with
other resources to produce the goods and services wanted by the community.
     Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are
several other influences which also affect it. The age distribution (分布) of the total population has a very
marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people
or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were a balanced
spread age distribution. If the population naturally grows rapidly, the number of births greatly exceeds
(超出) the number of deaths then as a total population increases proportion of the workforce declines.
     Sometimes a population is described as aging which means that the birth rate is either falling or
growing very slowly, and as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young
people entering it to replace those who are leaving it. In that situation the population is top-heavy with
older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid
increase in births or a falling birth rate.
     The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population
is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the
number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a
reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes,
finance must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total
population, then the government tax revenue (稅收) is relatively low and either the government has less
money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.
1. In the passage "labor force" is defined as ___________.
A. people who are available to work and earn income
B. self-employed people only
C. people who are looking for an employment
D. employers who create job opportunities
2. The conclusion which can be drawn from the second paragraph is that___________. 
A. a natural growth of population leads to a balanced workforce
B. a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce
C. the larger the population, the higher the proportion of the workforce
D. the workforce will be lower, if the population has a balanced age distribution
3. When a population is said to be aging, ___________.
A. there are more people retiring than those entering the workforce
B. the birth rate must be growing
C. there should be an oversupply of workforce
D. There are more people entering the workforce than those retiring
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相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：完形填空

In America,where labor costs are so high, do-it-yourself is a way of life.Many people1their own car,build their own garages,even rebuild their own2.Soon they may also be writing their own books.In Hollywood there is a company3publishes(出版) Children’s books 4the help of computers.Although other book 5also publish that way,this particular company is very 6.It “personalizes”(使個性化)the book by having the computer make the reader the leading character in the story.Here is 7they do it.Let us say your child 8Jenny.She lives on Oak Drive in St. Louis,has a dog named Spot,a cat named Tabby,and three playmates9names are Betty,Sandy ,and Jody.The computer uses this10to fill out a story that has11been prepared and illustrated(發(fā)行).The story is then printed(印刷) with standard equipment 12 a hard-cover book.A child who 13such a book might say,”This book is about me”;the company therefore calls14the Me-book Publishing Company”.
Children like the Me-books because they like to see their own names in print and15of their friends and their pets. 16more important ,”personalization” has been17to be important tool(工具) in18enthusiasm(熱情) for reading.So Me-books are helping19to learn how to read,20appealing to(吸引) that natural desire to see his own name in print.

  1. 1.
    1. A.
      drive
    2. B.
      buy
    3. C.
      repair
    4. D.
      notice
  2. 2.
    1. A.
      houses
    2. B.
      buses
    3. C.
      TV sets
    4. D.
      computers
  3. 3.
    1. A.
      where
    2. B.
      不填
    3. C.
      that
    4. D.
      what
  4. 4.
    1. A.
      under
    2. B.
      with
    3. C.
      in
    4. D.
      by
  5. 5.
    1. A.
      stores
    2. B.
      libraries
    3. C.
      sellers
    4. D.
      companies
  6. 6.
    1. A.
      common
    2. B.
      important
    3. C.
      unusual
    4. D.
      ordinary
  7. 7.
    1. A.
      how
    2. B.
      why
    3. C.
      what
    4. D.
      where
  8. 8.
    1. A.
      names
    2. B.
      to be named
    3. C.
      naming
    4. D.
      is named
  9. 9.
    1. A.
      who
    2. B.
      who’s
    3. C.
      whose
    4. D.
      that
  10. 10.
    1. A.
      news
    2. B.
      information
    3. C.
      condition
    4. D.
      direction
  11. 11.
    1. A.
      already
    2. B.
      really
    3. C.
      carefully
    4. D.
      fully
  12. 12.
    1. A.
      as
    2. B.
      that
    3. C.
      like
    4. D.
      such
  13. 13.
    1. A.
      gives
    2. B.
      borrows
    3. C.
      looks for
    4. D.
      receives
  14. 14.
    1. A.
      them
    2. B.
      itself
    3. C.
      yourself
    4. D.
      it
  15. 15.
    1. A.
      that
    2. B.
      what
    3. C.
      which
    4. D.
      those
  16. 16.
    1. A.
      But
    2. B.
      And
    3. C.
      So
    4. D.
      Therefore
  17. 17.
    1. A.
      founded
    2. B.
      invented
    3. C.
      found
    4. D.
      heard of
  18. 18.
    1. A.
      developing
    2. B.
      working
    3. C.
      seeing
    4. D.
      improving
  19. 19.
    1. A.
      a boy
    2. B.
      a girl
    3. C.
      a student
    4. D.
      a child
  20. 20.
    1. A.
      by
    2. B.
      for
    3. C.
      with
    4. D.
      about

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年吉林省長春市十一中高一上學(xué)期期初考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：完型填空

In America,where labor costs are so high, do-it-yourself is a way of life.Many people  36 their own car,build their own garages,even rebuild their own  37 .Soon they may also be writing their own books.In Hollywood there is a company  38 publishes(出版) Children’s books  39  the help of computers.Although other book  40  also publish that way,this particular company is very  41  .It “personalizes”（使個性化）the book by having the computer make the reader the leading character in the story.Here is  42  they do it.Let us say your child  43  Jenny.She lives on Oak Drive in St. Louis,has a dog named Spot,a cat named Tabby,and three playmates  44  names are Betty,Sandy ,and Jody.The computer uses this  45 to fill out a story that has  46 been prepared and illustrated（發(fā)行）.The story is then printed（印刷） with standard equipment  47  a hard-cover book.A child who  48  such a book might say,”This book is about me”;the company therefore calls  49  the Me-book Publishing Company”.
Children like the Me-books because they like to see their own names in print and 50  of their friends and their pets.  51  more important ,”personalization” has been  52  to be important tool（工具） in   __53  enthusiasm（熱情） for reading.So Me-books are helping   54  to learn how to read,   55  appealing to（吸引） that natural desire to see his own name in print.

【小題1】
A．drive B．buyC．repairD．notice
【小題2】
A．housesB．busesC．TV setsD．computers
【小題3】
A．whereB．不填C．thatD．what
【小題4】
A．underB．withC．inD．by
【小題5】
A．stores B．librariesC．sellersD．companies
【小題6】
A．commonB．importantC．unusualD．ordinary
【小題7】
A．howB．whyC．whatD．where
【小題8】
A．namesB．to be named C．namingD．is named
【小題9】
A．whoB．who’sC．whoseD．that
【小題10】
A．newsB．information C．condition D．direction
【小題11】
A．a(chǎn)lreadyB．reallyC．carefully D．fully
【小題12】
A．a(chǎn)sB．thatC．likeD．such
【小題13】
A．givesB．borrowsC．looks for D．receives
【小題14】
A．themB．itselfC．yourselfD．it
【小題15】
A．thatB．whatC．whichD．those
【小題16】
A．ButB．AndC．SoD．Therefore
【小題17】
A．foundedB．invented C．foundD．heard of
【小題18】
A．developing B．workingC．seeingD．improving
【小題19】
A．a(chǎn) boyB．a(chǎn) girlC．a(chǎn) studentD．a(chǎn) child
【小題20】
A．byB．forC．withD．a(chǎn)bout

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科目：高中英語 來源：安徽省期中題 題型：完形填空

完形填空。
     There once was a young monk(僧侶) who was building a brick wall. He took great care in   1   the
bricks, ensuring that they were level and that every row of bricks was   2   . He worked and worked. His
progress was   3   , due to the great care in his work, but he wasn't   4   . He was going to build a beautiful
brick wall, his first brick wall.
     Finally, the day dawned(破曉) when he   5   his wall. But   6   he stood back and admired the fruits of
his labor, something caught his eye and made him very   7   . Despite the great   8   he took in his work,   9   , he had overlooked(忽視) two bricks that were laid slanted(傾斜的). Worst of all, the bricks
were right in the centre of the wall. Since then, whenever visitors came to the temple, the young monk
would   10   them around to all places, except the brick wall that he had built.
     One day, two elderly monks came to the temple. No matter   11   the young monk tried to detour
(繞路) to   12   the ugly brick wall, the elderly monks   13   touring the area around that brick wall .
   14   , the young monk brought them to the brick wall.
     "Oh, this is such a(n)   15   brick wall!" one of the elderly monks commented.
    "Are you   16   ? Haven't you seen the two ugly bricks in the middle of the wall?" the young monk
said in   17   .
    "Yes, I have." replied the elderly monk.
     "But I also saw the remaining 98 good bricks that   18   this a beautiful wall!"
     You see, most of the time, we only care for things that went wrong or didn't   19   our expectations.
We've forgotten the fact that they are only two bad bricks in the wall and we should not overlook the 
  20   of the remaining 98 bricks.
(     )1. A. moving             
(     )2. A. even(整齊的)        
(     )3. A. wonderful          
(     )4. A. satisfied          
(     )5. A. constructed        
(     )6. A. unless              
(     )7. A. relaxed            
(     )8. A. care                
(     )9. A. so                  
(     )10. A. show              
(     )11. A. when              
(     )12. A. leave              
(     )13. A. gave up            
(     )14. A. Gladly            
(     )15. A. strong            
(     )16. A. clear              
(     )17. A. fear              
(     )18. A. made              
(     )19. A. come up with(提出)
(     )20. A. effect             		B. building          
B. hard             
B. great            
B. bothered          
B. designed          
B. once              
B. angry            
B. effort            
B. somehow          
B. turn              
B. where            
B. prevent          
B. insist on          
B. Unwillingly      
B. ugly              
B. ready            
B. surprise          
B. helped            
B. live up to(實現(xiàn))
B. use                		 C. laying   
C. still    
C. slow      
C. pleased  
C. completed  
C. as        
C. delighted
C. notice    
C. therefore
C. stop      
C. how      
C. avoid    
C. kept on  
C. Honestly  
C. thick    
C. real      
C. sadness  
C. became      
C. make up for
C. function   		D. burning          
D. enough          
D. terrible        
D. puzzled          
D. painted          
D. until            
D. excited          
D. pleasure        
D. besides          
D. follow          
D. what            
D. protect          
D. went on          
D. Helplessly      
D. beautiful        
D. sure            
D. peace            
D. changed          
D. fill up with    
D. beauty          

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

      American society is on the go. There are two elements in life that Americans do regard much: ―   31   and labor.
　 Americans are "   32   to nothing but the clock ", it has been said. Time is   33    as if it were the most valuable thing. In American language, there are words  34    with time. Such as: time can be budgeted, saved, wasted, stolen, killed, and cut. Americans also   35   for time, as " the time is the money ". So time is really   36  to them. Many people have a rather acute (敏銳的) sense of the   37   of their lifetime. Their belief is that once " the sands have run out of a person's hourglass ", they can not be replaced. Americans want every minute to   38   .
　 Since people value time highly, they dislike someone else "     39   " it beyond a certain acceptable limit. This affects the matter of patience. In the American system of   40   , patience is not a high quality. Many of them have what   41   be called " a short fuse ". They begin to move   42   restlessly if they feel time is slipping away   43   any return.
　 Most Americans live in period of time by engagement calendars, which might be  44   periods as short as fifteen minutes. While in the business world, Americans are not likely to receive their visitors in homelike   45   over long but small talk; let  46   take them out for dinner. Once they are in business,   47   to most of them is not so important. They'd like to seek out assurance of past actual performance   48  evaluate a business partner through present    49  contact. Thus, they start dealing with business very quickly as they   50   have other appointments following hard on the heels. Time is therefore keeping ticking in their inner ear.

 

31. A. money

B. fortune

C. time

D. family

32. A. masters

B. slaves

C. owners

D. defenders

33. A. passed

B. cost

C. changed

D. treated

34. A. kept

B. mixed

C. associated

D. stood

35. A. charge

B. ask

C. appreciate

D. care

36. A. worthless

B. precious

C. expensive

D. common

37. A. happiness

B. sadness

C. shortness

D. tiredness

38. A. use

B. help

C. count

D. move

39. A. waiting

B. wasting

C. keeping

D. finding

40. A. languages

B. judgments

C. terms

D. values

41. A. need

B. shall

C. must

D. might

42. A. about

B. on

C. by

D. forward

43. A. with

B. for

C. without

D. on

44. A. joined up to

B. divided into

C. connected with

D. made up of

45. A. surroundings

B conversation

C. existence

D. conditions

46. A. alone

B. down

C. out

D. off

47. A. conversation

B. bargain

C. money

D. friendship 

48. A. more than

B. other than

C. sooner than

D. rather than

49. A. close

B. frequent

C. social

D. long

50. A. never

B. always

C. seldom

D. sometimes

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：完形填空

The moment I knew my mother had incurable lung cancer, I realized for the first time that time will one day run out for us all.
I have determined to be with my mother as much as I possibly can. This is not out of a sense of
1, but because I really want to be near her. But making the time to2with my mother has been my greatest3. I have a husband, a four-year-old son and a home to nm. I also hold down a(n)4job as a radio announcer at the BBC.
I arrived at work one day to be told we would be doing a radio series exploring “time poverty”. I’ve5been taken with the idea that we are time-poor. How can I - who have so many labor-saving machines and an only child – have6time than my mother who had six children and no7?
I put this8a professor. He pointed out that it is because I try to keep my home much cleaner than my mother did. I admit I like to9to my friends. My husband says10that I remove all traces (痕跡) of human life11anyone arrives.
The professor said12has become the new religion. We expect work to provide us with a sense of identity and a means to secure our future. And because we13so much time in our working lives, we like to reward ourselves with material things. Frequently, we spend our money before it’s earned.14is an annoying worry, keeping us15to the work treadmill (跑步機).
The same professor suggested we16a Buddhist concept -- to enjoy each moment and activity for its own sake,17try to do lots of things at once. Since then I have been18the art of “l(fā)iving in the moment” whenever I get the chance. I have cleared my schedule of nonessential tasks,19house and garden plans, and turned down some extra work.
It is my mother’s illness, a once-in-a-lifetime event, that sets me20on the fact that we forget that time is a limited resource.

  1. 1.
    1. A.
      duty
    2. B.
      guilt
    3. C.
      sorrow
    4. D.
      sympathy
  2. 2.
    1. A.
      live
    2. B.
      be
    3. C.
      chat
    4. D.
      go
  3. 3.
    1. A.
      concern
    2. B.
      challenge
    3. C.
      chance
    4. D.
      trouble
  4. 4.
    1. A.
      demanding
    2. B.
      critical
    3. C.
      boring
    4. D.
      amazing
  5. 5.
    1. A.
      almost
    2. B.
      seldom
    3. C.
      never
    4. D.
      often
  6. 6.
    1. A.
      better
    2. B.
      worse
    3. C.
      less
    4. D.
      more
  7. 7.
    1. A.
      tape-recorder
    2. B.
      washing machine
    3. C.
      air-conditioner
    4. D.
      television
  8. 8.
    1. A.
      with
    2. B.
      for
    3. C.
      in
    4. D.
      to
  9. 9.
    1. A.
      show off
    2. B.
      draw attention
    3. C.
      look forward
    4. D.
      get close
  10. 10.
    1. A.
      angrily
    2. B.
      surprisingly
    3. C.
      jokingly
    4. D.
      seriously
  11. 11.
    1. A.
      after
    2. B.
      when
    3. C.
      as
    4. D.
      before
  12. 12.
    1. A.
      time
    2. B.
      entertainment
    3. C.
      work
    4. D.
      family
  13. 13.
    1. A.
      invest
    2. B.
      contribute
    3. C.
      give
    4. D.
      devote
  14. 14.
    1. A.
      Pressure
    2. B.
      Expense
    3. C.
      Life
    4. D.
      Debt
  15. 15.
    1. A.
      led
    2. B.
      chained
    3. C.
      relied
    4. D.
      focused
  16. 16.
    1. A.
      adopt
    2. B.
      advocate
    3. C.
      adapt
    4. D.
      acquire
  17. 17.
    1. A.
      more than
    2. B.
      instead of
    3. C.
      rather than
    4. D.
      other than
  18. 18.
    1. A.
      exercising
    2. B.
      practicing
    3. C.
      believing
    4. D.
      holding
  19. 19.
    1. A.
      fixed
    2. B.
      conducted
    3. C.
      postponed
    4. D.
      made
  20. 20.
    1. A.
      reflecting
    2. B.
      thinking
    3. C.
      considering
    4. D.
      wondering

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