Question

【題目】Envy seems to be bad-but it doesn't have to be. Researchers are finding that, if approached the right way, there can actually be an advantage.

Psychologists classify envy in two ways: negative and positive. With positive envy, you are motivated by another person's success and struggle to follow it. With negative envy, you want to cut the advantaged person down so you look better by comparison. Let's say you feel sufferings of envy after your rival(對(duì)手) at another firm gets promoted. Negative envy might drive you to destroy his success, but positive envy would inspire you to work harder and get promoted, too.

Studies show positive envy can be a great motivator(動(dòng)力). In a 2011 study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers in the Netherlands conducted a series of experiments with more than 200 university students. Researchers found that when they caused feelings of positive envy----as opposed to admiration or negative envy----in the students, it drove them to want to study more and perform better on a test measuring creativity and intelligence. While admiration may feel better, the researchers found, it doesn't motivate performance like the pain and frustration of envy.

“Those painful sufferings of envy are there for an evolutionary(進(jìn)化的) reason,” says Texas Christian University researcher Sarah E. Hill, “warning us that someone has something of importance to us.” Building on this theory, Dr. Hill and others conducted a series of experiments, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, to test whether envy improves attention and memory----the tools needed to copy a rival's steps to success. In one experiment, half of the participants were asked to recall past feelings of envy; the other half weren't. The two groups were then shown mock(模擬的) interviews of imaginary peers. The group filled with envy paid closer attention and better recalled details about the interview subjects. In other words, envy made them more astute（機(jī)敏的）. Not only can envy motivate us to reach for higher goals, it may even give us the cognitive push to get there.

【1】What’s the bad effect of negative envy?

A. It makes you lose heart and gets discouraged.

B. It has you feel motivated.

C. It makes you harm or hurt others on purpose.

D. It reminds you to struggle to follow your dreams.

【2】What’s the benefit of positive envy?

A. It inspires you to find a possible rival to try to defeat them.

B. It encourages you to work harder with a positive attitude.

C. It won’t hurt your opponents in the same firm.

D. It won’t destroy your success at another firm.

【3】Compared to admiration, positive envy can__________.

A. make you feel worse in all sides

B. be more likely to get you to admire others

C. make you feel the pain in your performance

D. be more likely to get you inspired to get success

【4】 What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Envy seems to be bad.

B. Keep your envy in secret.

C. Make full use of positive envy.

D. Forget about your envy now.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

試題分析：本文介紹現(xiàn)代嫉妒心理似乎是有害的――但它不一定就是如此。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果處理得當(dāng)?shù)脑�，這種罪孽其實(shí)也有有利的一面。

【1】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的With negative envy, you want to cut the advantaged person down so you look better by comparison. Let's say you feel sufferings of envy after your rival(對(duì)手) at another firm gets promoted. Negative envy might drive you to destroy his success如果是惡意嫉妒，你會(huì)想打擊占上風(fēng)的人，好讓你相比之下顯得更成功。假如你在另一家公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手升了職，你感到一陣陣的妒意，那么惡意嫉妒可能會(huì)讓你去貶損他的成功。故選C。

【2】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句positive envy would inspire you to work harder and get promoted, too. 善意嫉妒會(huì)激發(fā)你更努力地工作以得到升職機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。

【3】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句While admiration may feel better,it doesn't motivate performance like the pain and frustration of envy. 研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管崇拜也許讓人更好受些，但它不會(huì)像嫉妒帶來(lái)的痛苦與挫敗感那樣激勵(lì)出更佳表現(xiàn)。故選D。

【4】C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句Envy seems to be bad-but it doesn't have to be. Researchers are finding that, if approached the right way, there can actually be an advantage. 這樣看來(lái)，現(xiàn)代嫉妒心理似乎是有害的――但它不一定就是如此。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果處理得當(dāng)?shù)脑�，這種罪孽其實(shí)也有有利的一面。也就是說(shuō)，充分利用好善意的妒忌。故選c。

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要注意不是所有的段落都有主題句，有時(shí)主題句暗含在句中。閱讀這樣的文章，就需要自己根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。比如第15小題，主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句Envy seems to be bad-but it doesn't have to be. Researchers are finding that, if approached the right way, there can actually be an advantage. 這樣看來(lái)，現(xiàn)代嫉妒心理似乎是有害的――但它不一定就是如此。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果處理得當(dāng)?shù)脑�，這種罪孽其實(shí)也有有利的一面。也就是說(shuō)，充分利用好善意的妒忌。故選c。