Question

【題目】任務(wù)型閱讀

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題紙上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。

Family structure is the core of any culture. A major function of the family is to socialize new members ofa culture. As children are raised in a family setting, they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture. The family provides the model for all other relationships in society. Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members, children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture. Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.

The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families' welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often extended, including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—including the dead ancestors.

Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden in the United States, where aging and family support are not honored highly.

The Vietnamese family consists of people currently alive as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any decisions or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. People's behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family. Vietnamese children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.

Fathers in traditional Japanese families are typically strict and distant. Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger. The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathers in Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age.

Although there has been much talk about "family values" in the United States, the family is not a usual frame of reference for decisions in U.S. mainstream culture. Family connections are not so important to most people. Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States, but it is not viewed positively. More important is a person's own individual "track record" of personal achievement.

Thus, many cultural differences exist in family structures and values. In some cultures, the family is the center of life and the main frame of reference for decisions. In other cultures, the individuals, not the family, is primary. In some cultures, the family's reputation and honor depend on each person's actions; in other cultures, individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life. Some cultures value old people, while other cultures look down on them.

(Adapted from R. L. Oxford & R. C. Scarcella, "A Few Family Structures and Values Around the Globe")

Outline	Supporting details
【1】 A to family structure	Family structure is of great 【2】 A in different cultures. Children raised in a family will gradually learn how to 【3】 A in a way which is acceptable in their culture or setting. 'Many cultural differences 【4】 A from family structures.
Examples of Asian families	Traditional Asians 【5】 A their lives around family. Not only the individual but the family is to【6】 A for any wrongdoings. O In China, parents' sacrifices will probably【7】 off when children grow up. Children will also provide for the elders. O In Vietnam, it's not from the personal desires but from family considerations that decisions or actions are done. In Japan, children are 【8】 A to share their emotions with father, thus making communication difficult.
Examples of families in the USA	Americans don't lay much emphasis on family values. 【9】 A personal achievement is considered more important.
Conclusion	Family structures and values 【10】 A in different cultures.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Introduction

【2】importance/significance

【3】behave

【4】arise/result/come/originate

【5】center/centre

【6】blame

【7】pay

【8】unwilling/reluctant/afraid

【9】Instead/However

【10】 vary/differ

【解析】

試題分析：本文屬于文化類閱讀，只要講述的是家庭結(jié)構(gòu)很文化之間的關(guān)系。

【1】Introduction 歸納總結(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Family structure is the core of any culture.可知家庭結(jié)構(gòu)是溫和的核心。整個文章第一段都是對家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的介紹，使用名詞introduction，且和介詞to連用。

【2】importance/significance 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.家庭結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)部關(guān)系起著很大的文化作用。轉(zhuǎn)換成“of+ importance/significance”相當于形容詞important或significant。

【3】behave 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第一段第五句Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members, children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture.原文中使用了名詞behavior，表格中放在不定式符號to的后面，說明要使用動詞原形。

【4】arise/result/come/originate 理解概括題。根據(jù)第一段首尾句Family structure is the core of any culture.和 Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.可知很多文化的差異都是由于家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的不同而引起的。

【5】center/centre 原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第二段第一句The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives.可知在傳統(tǒng)的亞洲生活中，家庭是核心。

【6】blame 原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第二段最后一句An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—including the dead ancestors.可知個人和家庭都要收到責備。

【7】 pay 句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age.可知當父母親老了以后，孩子會回報父母之前的犧牲。原文中使用repay，表格里使用動詞短語pay off指父母親的犧牲得到了回報。

【8】unwilling/reluctant/afraid 句意理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger.可知日本的大學(xué)生和父親之間的關(guān)系就像是陌生人一樣，也就是說他們不愿意和父親交流。

【9】 Instead/However 句意理解題。根據(jù)第六段最后兩句Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States, but it is not viewed positively. More important is a person's own individual "track record" of personal achievement.可知在美國個人成就是更重要的。說明表格中上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，使用使用Instead/However 。

【10】vary/differ 理解概括題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Thus, many cultural differences exist in family structures and values.很多文化的差異都存在于家庭結(jié)構(gòu)很價值觀方面。也就是說不同文化中家庭結(jié)構(gòu)和價值觀都是不一樣的，所以使用不及物動詞vary/differ。