Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(癡呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷爾蒙) , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s (早老癡呆癥). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy (懷孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen (雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保護(hù)神經(jīng)的) effects,” Kinsley said.  
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改變) to the brain.”
【小題1】How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?

A．Some researchers have told them.
B．Many women say so.
C．They know it by experimenting on rats.
D．They know it through their own experience.
【小題2】What does the phrase “l(fā)itters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?
A．Baby rats.B．Animals.C．Old rats.D．Grown-up rats.
【小題3】What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?
A．Estrogen.B．The hormones of pregnancy.
C．More exercise.D．Taking care of children.
【小題4】“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?
A．The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.
B．The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.
C．The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D．The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.


【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】C 

解析試題分析：本文介紹了科學(xué)家通過(guò)做實(shí)驗(yàn)得出這個(gè)結(jié)論：母性特點(diǎn)能使婦女變得更加聰明靈敏。主要因?yàn)閼言衅陂g產(chǎn)生的荷爾蒙洗滌了大腦。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Tests on rats show…可知科學(xué)家是通過(guò)做老鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的。選C。
【小題2】詞義猜測(cè)題。后面的對(duì)比who have no babies，實(shí)際上提供了一個(gè)相反的情況，所以我們可以推測(cè)those who raise two or more litters of pups中的litters of pups指的是“剛出生不久的小老鼠”。選A。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第 3 段中的…the hormones of pregnancy(懷孕) are protecting the brain可得出答案選B。
【小題4】句意理解題�？茖W(xué)家通過(guò)用老鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō)明人的問(wèn)題。因?yàn)槿撕屠鲜蠖紝儆诓溉閯?dòng)物，很多生理機(jī)能都相同。選C。
考點(diǎn)：考查科普類(lèi)短文
點(diǎn)評(píng)：科普類(lèi)短文會(huì)有一些專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，但并不影響做題，在解答這類(lèi)問(wèn)題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，答案在文章中可以直接找到。

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012屆湖南省益陽(yáng)市一中高三第九次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解


Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(癡呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷爾蒙) , U.S. reseachers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(老年癡呆癥). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保護(hù)神經(jīng)的) effects,” Kinsley said.  
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改變) to the brain.”
【小題1】What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?( within 4 words)
【小題2】 How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?( within 8 words)
【小題3】“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?  ( within 13 words)
【小題4】What’s the main idea of this passage? (within 10 words)

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆浙江省蕭山中學(xué)高三10月階段測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia（癡呆） in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones（荷爾蒙） , U．S．researchers reported on Thursday．
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s（早老癡呆癥）．University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans．“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy（懷孕） are protecting the brain, including estrogen（雌激素）, which we know has many neuroprotective （保護(hù)神經(jīng)的） effects,” Kinsley said．
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview．“They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes．” Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline．
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida．
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain．If you look at female animals that have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young．But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations（改變） to the brain．”
【小題1】How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?

A．Some researchers have told them．
B．Many women say so．
C．They know it by experimenting on rats．
D．They know it through their own experience．
【小題2】What does the phrase “l(fā)itters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?
A．Baby rats．B．Animals．C．Old rats．D．Grown-up rats．
【小題3】What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?
A．Estrogen．
B．The hormones of pregnancy．
C．More exercise．
D．Taking care of children．
【小題4】“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals．” What does the sentence suggest?
A．The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans．
B．The experiments on the rats are very important for animals．
C．The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans．
D．The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals．
【小題5】Which title is the best for this passage?
A．Do You Want to Be Smarter?
B．Motherhood Makes Women Smarter
C．Mysterious Hormones
D．An Important Study

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A woman renewing her driver’s license at the County Clerk’s office was asked to state her occupation．She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself．
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Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model (a 6 month old baby), in the child-development program, testing out a new vocal pattern．
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【小題1】What can we infer from the conversation between the woman and the recorder at the beginning of the passage?

A．The woman felt ashamed to admit what her job was.
B．The recorder was impatient and rude.
C．The author was upset about the situation that mothers faced.
D．Motherhood was not recognized and respected as a job by society.
【小題2】How did the female clerk feel at first when the author told her occupation?
A．curiousB．indifferent C．puzzledD．interested
【小題3】Why did the woman clerk show more respect for the author?
A．Because the author cared little about rewards.
B．Because she admired the author’s research work in the lab.
C．Because she thought the author did admirable work.
D．Because the writer did something she had little knowledge of.
【小題4】What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To show how you describe your job affects your feelings toward it.
B．To argue that motherhood is a worthy career and deserves respect.
C．To show that the author had a grander job than Emily.
D．To show that being a mother is hard and boring work．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：20102011學(xué)年度上海市高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)題 題型：閱讀理解

Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia （癡呆） in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones （荷爾蒙） , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.

Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s （早老癡呆癥）. University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.

 “Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy are protecting the brain, including estrogen （雌激素）, which we know has many neuroprotective （保護(hù)神經(jīng)的） effects,” Kinsley said.

 “It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”

Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.

 “When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.

 “They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations （改變） to the brain.”

1. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?

A. Some researchers have told them.

B. Many women say so.

C. They know it by experimenting on rats.

D. They know it through their own experience.

2. What does the phrase “l(fā)itters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?

A. Baby rats.   B. Animals.    C. Old rats.         D. Grown-up rats.

3. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?

A. Estrogen.                        B. The hormones of pregnancy.

C. More exercise.               D. Taking care of children.

4.“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?

A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.

B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.

C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.

D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.

 

 

 

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