3.Wildlife in Decline
The populations of Earth's wild vertebrates (脊椎動物)have declined by 58% over the past four decades,according to the Living Planet Report 2016published by the World Wildlife Fund.
Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching(偷獵)are in large part (21)to blame(blame) for the decline.If the trend continues,by 2020,the world (22)will have lost(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity."Sadly,there is no sign yet (23)that this rate will decrease,"the report says.
"Across land,fresh water and the oceans,human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,"says Marco Lambertini,director-general of WWF International.
The Living Planet Report is published every two years.It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world's wildlife.The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds,fish,mammals,amphibians and reptiles around the world.The team collected data from more than 3000 sources,including government statistics and surveys (24)carried (carry) out by conservation groups.They then analyzed (25)how the population sizes had changed over time.
Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others.''We do see particularly strong declines (26)in the freshwater environment.For freshwater species alone,the decline stands at 81% since 1970.This is related to the way that water (27)is used(use) and taken out of freshwater systems,and also to the fragmentation(分裂)of freshwater systems through dam building,for example."
The report also highlighted other species,such as African elephants,(28)which nave suffered huge declines in recent years,and sharks,which are threatened by overfishing.
(29)In spite of all the terrifying facts,however,some conservationists say there is still hope."One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,"said Robin Freeman,head of the Zoological Society of London."On the whole,(30)they are not dying out,and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline."

分析 1970~2020年間,全球野生動植物的數(shù)量下降了58%.野生動植物所面臨的最大問題就是棲息地的逐漸減少.而無節(jié)制的伐木,農(nóng)耕,各種原因?qū)е碌牡鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)的減少等等是導致野生動植物棲息地減少的主因.

解答 21.to blame 考查動詞不定式.be to blame for意為"應對…負責(應因…而受責)",是固定搭配.
22.will have lost  考查動詞時態(tài).根據(jù)句中時間狀語,用將來完成時態(tài).
23.that 考查同位語.sign后接的同位從句this rate will decrease是完整的,要用連詞that引導.
24.carried 考查過去分詞.surveys與carry之間是動賓關系,用過去分詞短語carried out by conservation groups作后置定語.
25.how 考查連詞.a(chǎn)nalyze后接的賓語從句缺少方式狀語,用how作方式狀語,同時引導賓語從句.
26.in 考查介詞."在…環(huán)境里",用介詞in.
27.is used 考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài).water與use之間是動賓關系,且表示現(xiàn)在的情況,用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),主語the water是不可數(shù)名詞,助動詞用單數(shù)形式is.
28.which 考查定語從句.分析句子結構可知這是一個定語從句,先行詞African elephants在從句中作主語,用關系代詞which.
29.In spite of 考查介詞.根據(jù)句意:盡管所有這些可怕的因素.用介詞短語In spite of.
30.they 考查代詞.they指代上文中提到的these wild animals.

點評 在一篇200詞左右的語篇(短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0處空白,部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式,所填寫詞語不得多于3個單詞.要做好語法填空題,理解短文是解題的前提,扎實的詞匯、句型和語法知識是基礎,英語國家的背景知識是必要的補充.考生須靈活運用語法知識,如單詞詞性、單詞時態(tài)、名詞單復數(shù)、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空白處應填寫的內(nèi)容.答完后,還要通讀全文,核對所填單詞形式是否正確,是否符合語境.

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